Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Prescribing Hiv Prep And Education Needs Among Care Providers, Martin K. Logo, Hadi Denawi, Aimee Ferraro

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is a biomedical intervention to prevent the spread of HIV. Underprescribing PrEP could increase the probability of HIV exposure among serodivergent couples/partners and people who do not practice safer sex. Previous research on PrEP did not assess the association between awareness of PrEP, years of experience of the providers, provider types, and the frequency of PrEP among physicians. The purpose of this study is to test the hypothesis that awareness of PrEP, years of experience, and provider types might be predictors of the frequency of PrEP among physicians. Precaution adoption process model and cross-sectional design were applied …

Disparity In Maternal Health Services Among The Different Geopolitical Zones In Nigeria, Abubakar Sadiq Umar, Chinaro Kennedy, Hebatullah Tawfik, Daniel M. N. Okenu

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Although the use of antenatal and other skilled maternal health delivery services in Nigeria was reported to be on the increase, this research explored whether geopolitical zone of residence and place of domicile are associated with the number of antenatal visits and place of delivery. A quantitative cross-sectional study based on secondary data from the Demographic and Health Survey was used to examine the relationship between women’s geopolitical zone of residence, place of domicile (rural/urban), and the number of antenatal visits (categorized as fewer than four or four or more) and delivery (home or health facility). A total of 33,385 …

Sleep Quality And Its Health Correlates Among Egyptian Secondary School Students, Dalia M. Ismail, Dalia G. Mahran, Ali H. Zarzour, Ghaydaa A. Sheahata

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

The objective of the recent study was to determine the prevalence of poor sleep quality and to assess its psychological and general health correlates among secondary school students in the city of Assiut, Egypt. A cross sectional study was conducted among 829 secondary school students (selected by multistage stratified random sampling) aged 15–19 years in Assiut. Students filled in a self-administered questionnaire that included demographic data, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale, general perception of health, and the short form of Depression Anxiety and Stress Scale. The prevalence of poor sleep quality (PSQI >5) was 72.5%. The mean …

Obesity And Learned Eating Behavior: A Review Of First Bite: How We Learn To Eat, Winnie Eke

Journal of Social, Behavioral, and Health Sciences

Bee Wilson's book, First Bite: How we learn to eat is reviewed.

Attitudes Of Women Offenders Towards Medicaid Enrollment And Coverage Under The Affordable Care Act, Morrisa Barbara Rice

2017 Program & Posters

This phenomenological study explored the attitudes of women offenders in jail about Medicaid enrollment and coverage under the Affordable Care Act (ACA). This understanding provided insight for jail leadership and other stakeholders to address barriers and incorporate facilitators identified to make it simpler for women offenders to enroll before released from jail.

How Parenting Behaviors Influence Weight And Health Status Of African American Adolescents, Natasha T. Hourel

2017 Program & Posters

This quantitative secondary data analysis sought to investigate the relationship between parenting styles and practices of African American mothers and fathers residing both inside and outside of the home on the weight status (as measured by BMI percentile) of their adolescent children. Findings indicate variables beyond parenting practices, such as urban/rural residence, must be considered to explain weight status among adolescents.

Multiple Roles As Predictors Of Subjective Well-Being In African American Women, Sha-Rhonda Michea Green-Davis

2017 Program & Posters

Through multiple regression analysis of the NSAL archival data, this study examined how the subjective well-being (SWB) of African American women ages 18-44 (n = 1,877) can be predicted by their age, years of education, household income, number of children, and marital, parental, and employment statuses.

Predictors Of Mastectomy In Male Breast Cancer, Esther Opara

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Male breast cancer (MBC) is rare, and research on the predictors of MBC has been limited because of inadequate funding in and outside of the United States. One goal of this study was to eradicate the stereotyping of breast cancer as a female disease. The emergence of medical technology and education to benefit the public will help to ensure greater health awareness at the individual, community, and global levels. The purpose of this study was to understand the influence of the predictors of age; race (Black, White, and Other); and grade of cancer (I, II, or III) on the outcome …

Temporary Restaurant Closures And Food Handling Violations: Inspection Reports In British Columbia, Pam Mandarino

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Unsafe food handling practices are implicated in many restaurant-associated foodborne disease outbreaks. Factors that contribute to unsafe food handling in restaurants include inadequate food safety knowledge, employees who perceive that safe food handling is not under their control, and restaurant cultures that do not prioritize food safety. The purpose of this study was to determine whether temporary restaurant closures were associated with reduced food handling violations after closure in restaurants from the Vancouver Coastal Health Authority and the Fraser Health Authority, in British Columbia, Canada. The theoretical foundations used were the health action process approach and the theory of planned …

Evidence-Based Practice Project Proposal: Reducing Chfrr Through The Get Well Networks Chf Prevention Education Materials, Susan Kay Richmond

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In the United States, congestive heart failure (CHF) impacts 6.5 million adults and costs about $39 billion year with a projected incidence increasing by 25% by 2030. CHF can be addressed by advancing patient self-care knowledge through interactive patient education. For this project, the Health Beliefs Model guided a strategy to stimulate behavior modification based on perceived benefits of self-care. The purpose of this quality improvement project was to implement an interactive patient education video system, called the Get Well Network, to encourage patient self-care to reduce CHF readmission rates at a veteran's administration hospital. Four evidence-based CHF video order …

Posthurricane Environment's Impact On Childhood Cancer Rates In Louisiana, 2004-2010, Lenora M. Robinson

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Childhood cancer is the second leading cause of death in children aged 0-19 years. Research efforts to identify factors associated with or influencing this growing health problem are limited. The purpose of this research study was to examine, in reference to Louisiana during the period 2004-2010, the annual number of children diagnosed with cancer; the types of cancers; the possible effects of the environmental aftermath resulting from Hurricanes Katrina, Rita, and Gustav; and any correlation between environmental contaminants following these hurricanes with the number of children diagnosed with cancer. This study employed correlational quantitative methodology using archival data from the …

Cognitive Performance And Mood Changes In The Post-Thyroidectomy Patient Treated With T4 Versus T4+T3, Lorena Likaj

2017 Program & Posters

This study investigated changes in cognition and mood in the post-thyroidectomy patient. Specifically, this study investigates changes in cognition and mood, when the patient has been returned to normal, laboratory serum thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) reference levels, following conventional thyroid hormone replacement therapies with levothyroxine (T4) alone. Findings reveal a distinct, small, and clinically significant subgroup of post-thyroidectomy patients (10–15%) who continue to experience impaired cognition and mood, even when routinely measured serum TSH levels have been returned to normal levels. Findings are discussed within a conceptual matrix emphasizing the differential role of deiodinase enzymes required for conversion of T4 to …

Crafting A System Of Profound Knowledge Management In Long Term Care, Charlotte Johnston

2017 Program & Posters

Healthcare industries face regulatory and funding challenges to improve quality and close knowing-to doing gaps in healthcare. The study presents a substantive conceptual theory for crafting knowledge management (KM) in long-term-care (LTC); and extends Deming’s theory of profound knowledge from an organizational to the individual level of action and decision making.

Qualitative Research And Vicarious Trauma: The Use Of Reflexivity, Dawn Higgins

2017 Program & Posters

Qualitative researchers studying traumatic events may experience vicarious trauma. The research practice of reflexivity addresses biases of the researcher, however, there is no explicit practice to address symptoms of vicarious trauma. In this introspective study, the researcher uses a reflexive worksheet to explore vicarious trauma in her study on 9/ll.

Correlations Between Management Behaviors And Financial Indicators With Fda Compliance Leading To Medicine Shortages, Francisco Gutierrez-Perez

2017 Program & Posters

A series of Food and Drug Administration (FDA) interventions and enforcement actions against pharmaceutical manufacturers in the past 5-6 years led to medicine shortages in the United States.

• The manufacturing shortfalls made essential medicines unavailable for the treatment of patients.

• Manufacturing shortfalls implied that quality management and manufacturing systems were not empowered or adequately staffed to support the critical functions of the pharmaceutical firms.

The Relationship Between Pre-Licensure Employment And Student Nurse Self-Efficacy, Khristina Lee Grimm

2017 Program & Posters

Lack of self-efficacy in nursing practice contributes to high levels of stress as new nurses enter the workforce, which causes turnover during their first year of practice. Little is known about how the type and amount of pre-licensure employment affects the selfefficacy in nursing practice of the student nurse.

Determinants Of Hiv Screening Among Adults In New Jersey After Hurricane Sandy, Nathaniel R. Geyer

2017 Program & Posters

HIV screening is recommended to destigmatize the condition, prevent partner transmission, and postpone AIDS progression. However, determinants associated with implementation of opt-out HIV screening are not well understood. In order to examine determinants that predicted HIV screening for people impacted by Hurricane Sandy, this study aims to evaluate this screening to medical care after a natural disaster.

Labeling Still Matters: The United Nations Development Programme And The Bied Growth Path Model, Kenneth T. Davis

2017 Program & Posters

The Purpose of this study is to review the United Nations Development Programme’s Human Development Index (HDI) labels with the Behavioral International Economic Development Growth Path Model labels to get a better understanding of this new dynamic model and its layered approach. The 2012 HDI labels and previous trends were used along with the CIA World Factbook 2002 and 2012. This study promotes classification labels based on labor force occupation by sector, specifically agrarian, industry, and services behavior.

Sleep Among Young Adults Living In Rural Poverty, Susan Barber Skinner

2017 Program & Posters

Sleep problems are implicated in individual health and public safety issues. This phenomenological study used semi-structured interviews (n = 12) of young adults living in rural poverty. Thematic analysis was used to identify themes including a struggle to balance sleep with preferred activities and a belief that the body controls sleep behavior.

Insurance Status Versus Hospitalized Patient Outcomes With Pulmonary Hypertension: National Hospital Discharge Survey, 2000-2010, Srikanta Banerjee

2017 Program & Posters

Pulmonary Hypertension is a common complication of heart failure or obstructive pulmonary disease. The National Hospital Discharge Survey, the largest national inpatient-based survey, was used for complex samples logistic regression modeling. Findings from this study demonstrated that insurance status had a statistically significant association with hospital related mortality rates.

A Guide To Common Skin Disorders While Pregnant, Debra Henline Sullivan, Virginia Sullivan

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

During pregnancy, mothers strive to maintain good health and to promote the health of their babies. Having a chronic or acute skin condition during pregnancy could cause fear that treating these conditions could cause harm to their unborn child (American Academy of Dermatology [AAD], 2016). Women will need and seek guidance before and during their pregnancies as well as during lactation, when skin disorders affect them. The childbirth educator would benefit from a basic knowledge base to answer questions that may arise regarding various skin problems during the childbirth experience. This article will define and discuss treatment for some of …

Organizational Complexity And Hospitals' Adoption Of Electronic Medical Records For Closed-Loop Medication Therapy Management, Ebenezer Siaw Adu

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Over 700,000 adverse drug events (ADEs) result in emergency hospital visits annually, and many of these ADEs are preventable through the use of health information technology in hospitals. However, only 12.6% of U.S. hospitals have developed the capacity to adopt closed-loop electronic medical records (EMR). Organizational complexity may be a major factor influencing hospitals' adoption of closed-loop EMR. This quantitative study explored how organizational complexity influenced hospitals' adoption of closed-loop EMR. Diffusion of innovation theory was the foundation for this study. Logistic regression was used to establish possible relationships between organizational complexity and hospitals' adoption of EMR for closed-loop medication …

How Leaders Market And Commercialize Healthcare Technology Innovation, Roxie Mooney, Rocky J. Dwyer Dr.

Walden Faculty and Staff Publications

This study investigates what strategies technology development marketing leaders utilized to commercialize a new product innovation in the healthcare market. Analysis of data generated 3 major themes: strategies implemented during the prelaunch phase, strategies implemented during the pilot customer phase, and strategies implemented in the broader market launch phase of the CoI process. Findings from this study may contribute to maximizing commercial success and the diffusion of new product innovations in healthcare, which might lead to better patient outcomes and enhanced ways of practicing medicine.

Perceptions Of Community-Based Participatory Research From Community And Academic Members, Ivonne G. Kanko

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Community-based participatory research (CBPR) is an increasingly popular form of public health research. However, little is known about the application of CBPR and the levels of involvement for partners in specific phases of the partnership. This phenomenological study addressed the application of CBPR from the perspectives of 7 academic researchers and 6 community members experienced in CBPR. Arnstein's ladder of citizenship participation and the community coalition action theory provided the framework for the study. Semi-structured interviews addressed participants' levels of involvement in the CBPR process, as well as challenges, concerns, successes, and recommendations for improvement. Interview transcripts were analyzed by …

Factors Influencing Doctors Ordering Of Clinical Lab Tests: A Qualitative Study, Lakshmanan Suresh

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Qualitative studies exploring the factors behind a doctor's decisions to order clinical laboratory blood testing are lacking. A better understanding of these factors can help in formulating interventions that could improve the quality of health care and limit costs. The purpose of this qualitative case series study was to identify factors that influence a doctor's decision to order routine clinical laboratory blood tests. Fifteen doctors from Western New York, working in different hospital settings, were interviewed. There were 5 doctors in each case type: major, community, and private hospitals. When analyzed by case, there was a difference between the three …

Evaluating Nurses' Self-Efficacy In Caring For Patients With Dementia, Wendy Hopkins

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In 2011, 5 million Americans had dementia and this number is predicted to increase. As the number of people with dementia increases, the need for quality nursing care, education, and treatment for patients with dementia increases. To address the need, nurses not only must be prepared with the knowledge, skills, and abilities to care for patients with dementia, but they must also have the self-efficacy to provide quality care. The practice focused question guiding the project was to determine the level of self-efficacy for caring for dementia patients among long-term care nursing staff. Using Bandura's social cognitive theory, the purpose …

How Parenting Behaviors Influence Weight And Health Status Of African American Adolescents, Natasha T. Hourel

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

There has been an upward trend in obesity among African American (AA) adolescents over the last 2 decades. While parenting characteristics (e.g., styles and practices) are linked to adolescent eating habits and weight status, related research has focused on European American children from 2-parent middle-class households or economically disadvantaged AA children from single mother households. The purpose of this quantitative secondary data analysis was to investigate the relationship between parenting characteristics on the weight status of adolescents aged 12 to 17 years (n = 325) among a broader population of AA mothers and fathers residing both inside and outside of …

Designing And Evaluating An Educational Initiative Promoting Condom Use Among Hiv+ Hispanic Men, Gilberto Andino

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

In 2013, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention estimated that between 252,000 and 312,000 Hispanic men and women in the United States were unaware of their risk for transmitting HV/AIDS. Guided by the logic model and Leininger's theory, the purpose of this project was to design a culturally sensitive HIV/AIDS educational program for HIV+ Hispanic males and to evaluate the program content with the staff at a medical center in South Florida, with the goal of implementing the program at that center. The educational program content focused on increasing the knowledge of Hispanic HIV+ men on the effectiveness of …

The Association Between Medical Marijuana Laws And Maternal Marijuana Use, Joseph Timothy Jones

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Marijuana is the most common illicit drug that is abused by pregnant women, and recently many states have adopted various levels of relaxed marijuana policies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate a potential association between residing in a state that allows medical marijuana use and maternal marijuana usage. Grounded in the theory of planned behavior, this study evaluated the prevalence and extent of maternal marijuana use in states that allow and states that do not allow medical marijuana use using the National Survey of Drug Use and Health (NSDUH). It was anticipated that more lenient subjective norms toward …

Appraisal Of Nonpharmacological Chronic Pain Management, Yvonne Larue Anthony

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

Chronic pain is a condition that impacts millions of men and women around the globe. It is a compelling disease that particularly impacts quality of life (QOL) for many veterans with undertreated or untreated pain. The focus of this systematic literature review was the appraisal of articles and clinical practice guidelines to better understand best-practice nonpharmacological strategies for management of chronic pain. Key words used in the literature search included chronic pain and veterans, complementary alternative medicine (yoga, tai chi, music therapy, acupuncture, and massage), and cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT). The articles included in the review were limited to those …