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Articles 1 - 30 of 104
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Distress In Women With Ovarian Cancer, Judith Dellaripa
Distress In Women With Ovarian Cancer, Judith Dellaripa
Theses and Dissertations
Clinicians and researchers know that women experience distress related to the diagnosis of and treatment for ovarian cancer. A review of the literature revealed that while there is interest in the topic, distress is inconsistently defined and measured. Women have been reported to have a variety of distress experiences including the challenges of late diagnosis and the treatment regimen, communication difficulties with healthcare providers, and concern about the effect of their diagnosis on their loved ones. Without information directly from women, assumptions predominate about what the experience is like and what they would find helpful from support persons. Women’s perceptions …
The Reporting Of Supplement Use By Dental Patients On Their Medical History Questionnaire, Sarmad Bakuri
The Reporting Of Supplement Use By Dental Patients On Their Medical History Questionnaire, Sarmad Bakuri
Theses and Dissertations
The Reporting of Supplement Use by Dental Patients on Their Medical History Questionnaire Objectives: The goals of the study were three fold. Estimate the prevalence of supplement use by dental patients. Determine if the design of a medical history form influences the prevalence of supplement use reported. Determine whether or not patients are aware of supplement side effects and interactions with medications. Methods: Patients were randomly allocated to either a standard medical history form or the same form with additional questions about supplement use. After completing the initial forms, a survey containing questions about supplements was filled out by both …
Mandibular Incisor Proclination Variability During Class Ii Correction, James Redford
Mandibular Incisor Proclination Variability During Class Ii Correction, James Redford
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Lower incisor proclination has been shown to increase during Class II correction with appliances such as the Forsus. This lower incisor flaring shows great variability among patients. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Class II severity, mandibular growth, and occlusal plane rotation on lower incisor flaring in patients treated with the Forsus appliance. Materials and Methods: 121 records of Class II patients treated with the Forsus appliance were analyzed retrospectively. Cephalograms were traced at three time points. ANOVA was used to compare changes in cephalometric measurements over time. Pearson’s correlation was used to test …
The Fluoride Recharging Capability Of An Orthodontic Primer: An In Vitro Study, Samuel Allen
The Fluoride Recharging Capability Of An Orthodontic Primer: An In Vitro Study, Samuel Allen
Theses and Dissertations
Objective: The purpose of this study was to determine the fluoride recharging capability of Opal Seal, a fluoride releasing orthodontic primer, as compared to Transbond XT, the control. Material and Methods: 1mm x 5mm disks of Opal Seal and Transbond were prepared according to the respective manufacturer’s instructions. Initially, the samples were stored in deionized water (DI) for 8 weeks. The samples were then randomly divided into one of two groups: Over-the-counter (OTC) fluoride mouthwash and prescription strength (PS) fluoride mouthwash. The OTC group samples were immersed in 5mL of 0.0219% sodium fluoride containing mouthwash for one minute every day …
The Role Of Cytoprotective And Non-Protective Autophagy In Radiation Sensitivity In Breast Tumor Cells, Jade Le
Theses and Dissertations
In general, ionizing radiation promotes cytoprotective autophagy in a majority of breast tumor cells. Previous studies from our laboratory indicated that radiation (5x2 Gy) induces cytoprotective autophagy in MCF-7 cells. In the current work, inhibition of autophagy by silencing of Beclin-1 in MCF-7 cells resulted in an increase in sensitivity to radiation based both on cell number and clonogenic survival; however, there was no increase in apoptosis and the basis for this sensitization is currently under investigation. Unexpectedly, enhancement of autophagy by silencing of Bcl-2 also led to an increase in sensitivity to radiation, possibly through the conversion of cytoprotective …
Structural Alterations To The Axon Initial Segment Following Diffuse Axonal Injury As A Consequence Of Age, William Behl
Structural Alterations To The Axon Initial Segment Following Diffuse Axonal Injury As A Consequence Of Age, William Behl
Theses and Dissertations
An epidemiological shift towards the elderly population has occurred in traumatic brain injury (TBI). Age is believed to be one of the strongest prognostic indicators following TBI. Diffuse axonal injury (DAI), a prevalent feature of TBI, is believed to be the primary cause for much of the morbidity and mortality associated with TBI. The pathobiology associated with DAI is believed to occur in response to the primary injury in a progressive, secondary fashion. Though the injury mechanisms behind DAI have been shown to occur at numerous sites along the axon, recent work suggests that the axon initial segment (AIS) may …
Role Of Membrane Fusion Protein Ykt6 In Regulating Epithelial Cell-Cell And Cell-Matrix Adhesions., Supriya Joshi
Role Of Membrane Fusion Protein Ykt6 In Regulating Epithelial Cell-Cell And Cell-Matrix Adhesions., Supriya Joshi
Theses and Dissertations
Intercellular junctions and cell-matrix adhesions play important roles in the maintenance of epithelial integrity. Assembly and remodeling of the plasma membrane complexes are regulated by membrane trafficking and fusion. This thesis is aimed to elucidate the roles of an important membrane fusion protein, Ykt6, in the regulation of epithelial cell adhesion and migration. For the first time, we show that Ykt6 is essential for assembly of adherens junctions and tight junctions in human prostate epithelial cells. We also observed that Ykt6 negatively regulates both collective epithelial cell migration and cell invasion into Matrigel. The effects of YKT6 on epithelial junctions …
Relationship Of Mitochondrial Enzymes To Fatigue Intensity And Health-Related Quality Of Life In Men With Prostate Cancer Receiving External Beam Radiation Therapy, Kristin Filler
Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Cancer-related fatigue is often described by patients as a lack of energy, mental or physical tiredness, diminished endurance, and prolonged recovery after activity. Etiologic mechanisms underlying CRF are not well understood. Methods: A literature review was conducted to examine studies that had investigated the association of mitochondrial dysfunction with fatigue. The major conclusion from this review was that alterations in energy metabolism may contribute to fatigue. Therefore, the dissertation study focused on laboratory techniques for measuring mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation enzymes (complexes I-V) and a mitochondrial-specific oxidative stress marker (superoxide dismutase 2 [SOD2]). The primary aim of the dissertation research …
Factors Contributing To Infant Feeding Practices With Latina Mothers, Diana Cartagena
Factors Contributing To Infant Feeding Practices With Latina Mothers, Diana Cartagena
Theses and Dissertations
Background: An estimated 9.7% of U.S. infants and toddlers are considered overweight. Hispanic infants persistently show higher prevalence rates for being overweight compared to black and white infants. Little is known about factors promoting excessive infant weight gain in Latinos. Purpose: Primary aim of this study was to describe multidimensional factors and maternal feeding practices that may correlate with infant overfeeding in Latina mothers. A secondary aim was to determine whether there was an association between these factors and infant weight gain. Subjects: Sixty-two low-income immigrant Latina mothers and their infants ages 4-12 months receiving assistance through the Special Supplemental …
Investigations Of Novel Mechanisms Of Action For Anti-Bacterial And Anti-Cancer Agent Development, Jenson Verghese
Investigations Of Novel Mechanisms Of Action For Anti-Bacterial And Anti-Cancer Agent Development, Jenson Verghese
Theses and Dissertations
The development of drugs and therapeutic agents for combating infections and human malignancies continues to be a forefront area in both academic and industrial research. This is driven by the rapid emergence of multi-drug resistant bacterial strains and accumulating mutations in cancer targets that is quickly rendering our current arsenal of drugs ineffective for these therapies. Unless new drugs with novel mechanisms of action are identified and developed at a faster pace, we face a losing battle in managing these diseases. The first part of this work concerns with the natural product Simocyclinone D8 (SD8). Simocyclinone D8 is an angucyclinone …
A Retrospective Study Of Operating Room Utilization And Efficiency In A Pediatric Dental Residency Program, Brian Burke
A Retrospective Study Of Operating Room Utilization And Efficiency In A Pediatric Dental Residency Program, Brian Burke
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose was to assess and understand operating room (OR) utilization and efficiency in a pediatric dental residency program. Methods: A retrospective study was performed using chart extraction from 778 patients completed by both pediatric dentistry faculty (n=7) and residents (n=17) in an ambulatory care setting over a 32 month period (between July 2010 and March 2013). Patterns in OR usage time were determined by documenting various timing metrics (start and stop times for anesthesia, start and stop times for the dental procedure, times for throat pack in and out), noting patient information (age and ASA patient classification status), …
Studies On Rationally Designed, Allosteric, Coagulation Inhibitors, Rio Boothello
Studies On Rationally Designed, Allosteric, Coagulation Inhibitors, Rio Boothello
Theses and Dissertations
Heparin is a natural allosteric modulator, with numerous structural and conformational variations leading to many reports of bleeding complications and variations in anticoagulant effects. A flurry of research has been directed towards understanding this puzzle. This work entails the utilization of three unique strategies to further our understanding of this complex issue. Traditional synthetic, biosynthetic and biophysical approaches have failed to conquer the GAG-protein complexity. Computational analysis however could serve as a powerful approach to decipher this dilemma. A dual filter algorithm was incorporated to identify unique hexasaccharide sequences for HCII and AT. Our experimental studies exhibit a good correlation …
Clinical And Radiographic Evaluation Of Mta Pulpotomies: A Retrospective Study, Claudia Colorado
Clinical And Radiographic Evaluation Of Mta Pulpotomies: A Retrospective Study, Claudia Colorado
Theses and Dissertations
Vital pulp therapy is the group of procedures indicated to maintain pulp vitality allowing for continued root development and apical closure in the presence of pulp exposure due to caries or trauma. Complete maturation results in stronger tooth structure that is more able to withstand occlusal forces. Historically, calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2) was the material of choice for a vital pulpotomy. Recently mineral trioxide aggregate (MTA) has been used as a pulp sealing material because of its biocompatibility and its ability to induce hard tissue barrier formation. The purpose of this retrospective study was to evaluate the clinical and radiographic outcome …
Drug Use And Social Support Outcomes In Probationers: A Longitudinal Social Network Analysis, Anne Rhodes
Drug Use And Social Support Outcomes In Probationers: A Longitudinal Social Network Analysis, Anne Rhodes
Theses and Dissertations
This study focuses on the social networks of probationers, who comprise the largest segment of the criminal justice population in the United States, but about whom there are few studies of network processes. It provides information on how elements of a probationer’s social network change over time and can affect drug use. This study employs longitudinal analysis of the social networks for 251 substance abusers on probation to examine how these networks are influenced by an intervention designed to increase pro-social behaviors and how network changes impact drug use. Baseline drug use of the probationers was examined according to the …
Cytoprotective Versus Non-Protective Autophagy Induced By Radiation In Head And Neck Cancer Cells, Duaa Bakhshwin
Cytoprotective Versus Non-Protective Autophagy Induced By Radiation In Head And Neck Cancer Cells, Duaa Bakhshwin
Theses and Dissertations
The primary treatment options for head and neck cancer are radiation therapy or surgery, or both combined; chemotherapy is often used as an additional, or adjuvant, treatment. Patients treated with radiotherapy are exposed to a high cumulative dose of radiation over a period of time and there is a 17-33% chance of recurrence. High cumulative doses of radiation, a long time course of treatment, side effects and the possibility of recurrence provide the rationale for developing approaches for radiation sensitization, which could be helpful to patients in decreasing the dose, duration of radiation, side effects, or the chance of recurrence. …
Prevalence And Distribution Of Periapical Lesions Submitted For Histopathologic Analysis By Endodontists, Gerhard Claire Siegel
Prevalence And Distribution Of Periapical Lesions Submitted For Histopathologic Analysis By Endodontists, Gerhard Claire Siegel
Theses and Dissertations
The current understanding of the distribution and frequency of periapical pathoses include biopsies submitted by all specialists and general dentists. As a result, they do not accurately reflect the distribution seen by endodontists. This retrospective chart review aims to determine the prevalence of periapical pathoses and associated demographics from biopsies submitted by endodontists over 30 years. All biopsy reports submitted to the Virginia Commonwealth University Oral Pathology Diagnostic Service from January 1, 1983 to December 31, 2012 were reviewed. Only reports submitted by verified endodontists and those with a periapical location were included. The following data was recorded from each …
The Roles Of Krüppel-Like Transcription Factors Klf1 And Klf2 In Mouse Embryonic And Human Fetal Erythropoiesis, Divya Vinjamur
The Roles Of Krüppel-Like Transcription Factors Klf1 And Klf2 In Mouse Embryonic And Human Fetal Erythropoiesis, Divya Vinjamur
Theses and Dissertations
Hemoglobinopathies are some of the most common monogenic disorders in the world, affecting millions of people and representing a growing burden on health systems worldwide. Although the pathophysiology of sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia, two of the most common hemoglobinopathies, have been the focus of much research over the last century, patients affected by these diseases still lack a widely applicable and easily available cure. Sickle cell anemia and beta-thalassemia are caused by defects in the structure and production of the beta-globin chains that, along with the alpha-globin chains make up the heterotetrameric hemoglobin molecule. Studies geared towards re-expression of …
The Role Of Adam10 In The Immune System: Maintenance Of Lymphoid Architecture, Mdsc Development And Function, B Cell Derived Exosomal Antigen Presentation, And B1 Cell Ige Production., Rebecca Martin
Theses and Dissertations
ADAM10 is a zinc-dependent metalloprotease. ADAM10 has emerged as a key regulator of cellular processes by cleaving and shedding extracellular domains of multiple transmembrane receptors and ligands. In this study, we examined the role of ADAM10 in the immune system. Here, we show that knocking out ADAM10 on the mature B2 cell causes a defect in the development of secondary lymphoid architecture that becomes more severe post-immunization. We also show that overexpression of ADAM10 leads to a defect in hematopoiesis, which eliminates B2 lymphocyte development. This defect additionally induces accumulation of myeloid derived suppressor cells, MDSCs. ADAM10Tg MDSCs function synonymous …
Endodontic Radiolucency On A Mature Permanent Tooth In The Pediatric Population: Can The Tooth Be Vital?, Erika Lentini
Endodontic Radiolucency On A Mature Permanent Tooth In The Pediatric Population: Can The Tooth Be Vital?, Erika Lentini
Theses and Dissertations
The objective was to determine the prevalence of vital teeth requiring non-surgical root canal therapy (NSRCT) that present with radiolucencies in mature permanent teeth in a pediatric population. A retrospective electronic dental chart review of children treated with NSRCT at VCU’s School of Dentistry between November 30, 2009 and March 1, 2013 was conducted. The presence or absence of a periapical radiolucency was determined from digital radiographs by three calibrated dentists. Specific characteristics of each tooth were collected. Statistical analysis using logistic regression was completed on all teeth with radiolucencies and vital teeth with radiolucencies. NSRCT was completed on 551 …
The Effect Of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase On The Epigenetics Of Human Mitochondrial Dna, John Strang
The Effect Of Isocitrate Dehydrogenase On The Epigenetics Of Human Mitochondrial Dna, John Strang
Theses and Dissertations
Aberrant metabolism has become an increasingly interesting area of cancer biology. In many cancers including lower grade glioma, glioblastomas and some leukemias, a mutation in the metabolic enzyme Isocitrate Dehydrogenase (IDH), has been found in more than 70% of cases and has been shown to lead to a distinct hypermethylator phenotype. IDH commonly converts isocitrate to alpha-ketoglutarate in normal cell metabolism. Three isoforms of this enzyme are found in humans: IDH1, IDH2 and IDH3. Studies on IDH1, the cytosolic isoform, have revealed that mutations in the enzyme’s binding site lead to a novel gain of function: the synthesis of an …
Comparing Tooth Enamel Disturbances In A Pediatric Population That Had Received Prior Chemotherapy Treatment To Age-Matched Controls From The Virginia Commonwealth University Pediatric Dentistry Clinic., Marcela Mujica
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to test whether children who have undergone cancer chemotherapy have a higher prevalence of enamel abnormalities of the second mandibular premolars than age matched controls. Methods: This study was a case-control design where the case group involved 26 subjects that had received chemotherapy treatment between the ages of 2 to 6 and at the time of the study were between the ages of 9 to 18. The control group consisted of 26 subjects matched for age and sex to the case group that had not received chemotherapy. The second mandibular premolars were assessed …
Evaluation Of The Prevalence And Clinical Characteristics Of Intrapulpal Cracks Utilizing A Novel Classification System, Matthew Detar
Evaluation Of The Prevalence And Clinical Characteristics Of Intrapulpal Cracks Utilizing A Novel Classification System, Matthew Detar
Theses and Dissertations
Few studies have investigated cracks involving the pulp chamber walls or floor. The purpose of this study was to create a classification system for intrapulpal cracks and analyze associated clinical characteristics. Retrospective analysis included 52 teeth confirmed to have an intrapulpal crack. The classification system describes the crack based upon its location within the pulpal walls and floor. Documentation consisted of demographic, subjective and objective examination data. Chi-squared analysis tested associations with the intrapulpal crack classifications. Ninety-two percent of intrapulpal cracks run M-D, 75% involve one pulp chamber wall, and 84% terminate at the floor-wall junction or extend into an …
Role Of Anillin In Regulation Of Epithelial Junctions, Gibran Chadha
Role Of Anillin In Regulation Of Epithelial Junctions, Gibran Chadha
Theses and Dissertations
Adherens junctions (AJs) and tight junctions (TJs) are characteristic features of differentiated epithelial cells and are critical for regulation of epithelial barriers and cell polarity. Integrity and remodeling of epithelial junctions depend on their interactions with underlying actomyosin cytoskeleton. Anillin is a multifunctional scaffold able to interact with different cytoskeletal proteins including F-actin and Myosin II. This project aimed to investigate roles of anillin in regulating epithelial AJs and TJs. Using A549 human lung epithelial and DU145 human prostate epithelial cells, we demonstrated the anillin depletion-induced loss of AJs and TJs. This was accompanied by disorganization of perijunctional actomyosin belt …
Irradiation Of Hs578t Breast Tumor Cells Induces Non-Cytoprotective Autophagy, Aisha Alhaddad
Irradiation Of Hs578t Breast Tumor Cells Induces Non-Cytoprotective Autophagy, Aisha Alhaddad
Theses and Dissertations
Cancer is the second most common cause of death in the US. The most frequently observed cancer type in women is breast cancer. A special type of breast cancer is triple negative (TNBC) cancer that is characterized by lacking three receptors: estrogen, progesterone and human epithelial growth factor (HER 2). The HS578t breast cell line is a model of TNBC that also has a mutation of the p53 protein. Ionizing radiation is used widely in the clinic to debulk tumors before surgery as well as post-surgery to eliminate residual tumor cells outside the surgical field. Previous studies from our laboratory …
The Prevalence Of Intrapulpal Cracks In 1st And 2nd Mandibular Molars Requiring Non-Surgical Root Canal Treatment, Sean Lawson
The Prevalence Of Intrapulpal Cracks In 1st And 2nd Mandibular Molars Requiring Non-Surgical Root Canal Treatment, Sean Lawson
Theses and Dissertations
Few studies have reported the incidence or prevalence of cracked teeth with pulpal involvement. No attempts have been made to evaluate the prevalence or clinical predictors for intrapulpal cracks. The purpose of this study was to investigate the prevalence of intrapulpal cracks in first and second mandibular molars and to determine if clinical findings are predictive for the existence of intrapulpal cracks. First and second mandibular molars (190) requiring non-surgical root canal treatment at the VCU Graduate Endodontic Practice between February 15, 2013 and August 15, 2013 were analyzed retrospectively. Teeth were transilluminated, stained, and inspected for intrapulpal cracks using …
Frailty And Depression: A Latent Trait Analysis, Matthew Lohman
Frailty And Depression: A Latent Trait Analysis, Matthew Lohman
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Frailty, a state indicating vulnerability to poor health outcomes, is a common condition in later life. However, research and intervention progress is hindered by the current lack of a consensus frailty definition and poor understanding of relationships between frailty and depression. Objectives: The goal of this research is to understand the interrelationships between frailty and depression among older adults. Specifically, this project aims 1) to examine the construct overlap between depression and three definitions of frailty (biological syndrome, medical burdens, and functional domains), 2) to determine the degree to which this overlap varies by age, gender, race/ethnicity and other …
Development Of A Simplified Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea (Osa) Screening Tool, Jo Cronly
Development Of A Simplified Pediatric Obstructive Sleep Apnea (Osa) Screening Tool, Jo Cronly
Theses and Dissertations
Background: Obstructive sleep apnea has become recognized as one of the most common, under-diagnosed chronic diseases. Recently studies have shown increased numbers among the pediatric and adolescent population. OSA in children is associated with behavioral problems, poor school achievements, and in severe cases, pulmonary hypertension. OSA is often the Achilles heel of pediatric sedation and analgesic programs; during sedation, children with OSA have an increased vulnerability of their airway undergoing pharyngeal collapse and of having upper airway obstruction. Consequently, pediatric dentists who practice sedation dentistry should exercise extra precautions when treating patients with risk of sleep apnea. Currently there is …
The Role Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Early Childhood Caries, Tiffany Williams
The Role Of Vitamin D Deficiency In Early Childhood Caries, Tiffany Williams
Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: This is a pilot study to determine if there is a relationship between vitamin D deficiency and the development of early childhood caries (ECC). Methods: Serum 25(OH) vitamin D, parathyroid hormone and calcium were measured from children with ECC, who presented for dental rehabilitation under general anesthesia. Samples were obtained from caries free controls examined during a well-child medical check. Parents from both sample sizes filled out a questionnaire consisting of 22 questions regarding the child and parent’s medical and dental history as well as socioeconomic background. Results: ECC patients were found to have deficient serum levels of 25(OH) …
Glial Cell Modulators And Associated Anti-Inflammatory Activity: Implications In Reducing Methamphetamine Abuse-Related Behaviors In Rodents, Sarah Snider
Theses and Dissertations
Methamphetamine is a psychomotor stimulant that produces hyperactivity and euphoria and can lead to drug-seeking and abuse. An estimate from 2005 put the cost of methamphetamine abuse to society at an estimated 23.4 billion dollars. One of methamphetamine's effects is activation of glial cells and associated neuroinflammatory activity in the periphery and CNS. Glia are responsible for maintaining calcium homeostasis, neuroplasticity, immune activity, and cell signaling. Activation of glia and neuroinflammation are becoming recognized as links in drug abuse-related behavior. The goal of the present work was to assess the ability of ibudilast, AV1013, and minocycline, three glial cell modulating …
Comprehensive Review On The Existence Of Genomic Imprinting In Aves, Derek Gygax
Comprehensive Review On The Existence Of Genomic Imprinting In Aves, Derek Gygax
Theses and Dissertations
Genomic imprinting results in monoallelic parent-of-origin gene expression. Therian mammals show conclusive evidence for imprinting, while the evidence in Aves is conflicting. It’s unclear if Aves have the proteins necessary for establishment and maintenance of imprinting loci. Every examined avian orthologue to mammalian imprinted genes shows biallelic expression providing evidence for a lack of imprinting in Aves. While the known parent-of-origin quantitative trait loci in chicken do not overlap with differentiated methylated regions, further analysis with a larger sample size is required. No transcript in the chicken transcriptome at incubation day 4.5 shows parent-of-origin expression, providing strong evidence for a …