Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Comparison Of Expression Of The Gdnf Family Neurotrophic Factors In Dental Pulp Stem Cells With Deciduous And Adult Teeth, Kamille Mercado, Nan (Tori) Xiao

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) family has a role in neuron growth within the peripheral and central nervous systems. This makes it a potential therapeutic agent for neurological conditions like Parkinson’s disease and epilepsy. GDNF has also been implicated in murine odontogenesis. In permanent and deciduous human dental pulp stem cells, this study found that GDNF family members and receptors are expressed, indicating neurotrophic factors may play a role in dental pulp regeneration.

Mineral Particles Stimulate Innate Immunity Through Neutrophil Extracellular Traps Containing Hmgb1., Hsin-Hsin Peng, Yu-Ju Liu, David M. Ojcius, Chiou-Mei Lee, Ren-Hao Chen, Pei-Rong Huang, Jan Martel, John D. Young

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Calcium phosphate-based mineralo-organic particles form spontaneously in the body and may represent precursors of ectopic calcification. We have shown earlier that these particles induce activation of caspase-1 and secretion of IL-1β by macrophages. However, whether the particles may produce other effects on immune cells is unclear. Here, we show that these particles induce the release of neutrophil extracellular traps (NETs) in a size-dependent manner by human neutrophils. Intracellular production of reactive oxygen species is required for particle-induced NET release by neutrophils. NETs contain the high-mobility group protein B1 (HMGB1), a DNA-binding protein capable of inducing secretion of TNF-α by a …

Nadph Oxidase 4 Modulates Hepatic Responses To Lipopolysaccharide Mediated By Toll-Like Receptor-4., Anand Singh, Bhargav Koduru, Cameron Carlisle, Hasina Akhter, Rui-Ming Liu, Katrin Schroder, Ralf P. Brandes, David M. Ojcius

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Chronic inflammation plays a key role in development of many liver diseases. Stimulation of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) by bacterial lipopolysaccharide (LPS) initiates inflammation and promotes development of hepatocellular carcinoma and other liver diseases. NADPH oxidases contribute to LPS-induced reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and modulate TLR responses, but whether these enzymes function in TLR4 responses of hepatocytes is unknown. In the present work, we examined the role of NADPH oxidase 4 (Nox4) in LPS-induced TLR4 responses in human hepatoma cells and wildtype and Nox4-deficient mice. We found that LPS increased expression of Nox4, TNF-α, and proliferating cell nuclear antigen …

The P2x7 Receptor Mediates Toxoplasma Gondii Control In Macrophages Through Canonical Nlrp3 Inflammasome Activation And Reactive Oxygen Species Production, Aline Cristina Abreu Moreira-Souza, Cassio Luiz Coutinho Almeida-Da-Silva, Thuany Prado Rangel, Gabrielle Da Costa Rocha, Maria Bellio, Dario Simões Zamboni, Rossiane Claudia Vommaro, Robson Coutinho-Silva

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Toxoplasma gondii (T. gondii) is the protozoan parasite that causes toxoplasmosis, a potentially fatal disease to immunocompromised patients, and which affects approximately 30% of the world's population. Previously, we showed that purinergic signaling via the P2X7 receptor contributes to T. gondii elimination in macrophages, through reactive oxygen species (ROS) production and lysosome fusion with the parasitophorous vacuole. Moreover, we demonstrated that P2X7 receptor activation promotes the production of anti-parasitic pro-inflammatory cytokines during early T. gondii infection in vivo. However, the cascade of signaling events that leads to parasite elimination via P2X7 receptor activation remained to be elucidated. Here, we investigated …

Hypertensive Urgency, Jed Grant

Physician Assistant Faculty & Staff Presentations

No abstract provided.

The Fundoscopic Exam In Clinical Practice, Jed Grant

Physician Assistant Faculty & Staff Presentations

No abstract provided.

Active Auditory Experience In Infancy Promotes Brain Plasticity In Theta And Gamma Oscillations, Gabriella Musacchia, Silvia Ortiz-Mantilla, Naseem Choudhury, Teresa Realpe-Bonilla, Cynthia P. Roesler, April A. Benasich

All Faculty Scholarship

Language acquisition in infants is driven by on-going neural plasticity that is acutely sensitive to environmental acoustic cues. Recent studies showed that attention-based experience with non-linguistic, temporally-modulated auditory stimuli sharpens cortical responses. A previous ERP study from this laboratory showed that interactive auditory experience via behavior-based feedback (AEx), over a 6-week period from 4- to 7-months-of-age, confers a processing advantage, compared to passive auditory exposure (PEx) or maturation alone (Naïve Control, NC). Here, we provide a follow-up investigation of the underlying neural oscillatory patterns in these three groups. In AEx infants, Standard stimuli with invariant frequency (STD) elicited greater Theta-band …

Differential Diagnosis And Clinical Management Of Periapical Radiopaque/Hyperdense Jaw Lesions, Bruno Santos Freitas Silva, Mike Reis Bueno, Fernanda P. Yamamoto-Silva, Ricardo Santiago Gomez, Ove A. Peters, Carlos Estrela

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Great attention has been given to the study of radiolucent periapical lesions to avert possible misdiagnosis of apical periodontitis associated with certain radiolucent non-endodontic lesions. However, there are a significant number of radiopaque lesions found in the periapical region, which could be equally relevant to endodontic practice. The diagnosis and management of these radiopaque/hyperdense lesions could be challenging to the endodontist. These bone alterations could be neoplastic, dysplastic or of metabolic origin. In the context of the more widespread use of cone-beam CT, a detailed review of radiopaque inflammatory and non-inflammatory lesions is timely and may aid clinicians perform a …

Using The Uganda National Panel Survey To Analyze The Effect Of Staple Food Consumption On Undernourishment In Ugandan Children, William E. Herrin, Michelle M. Amaral, Graze Bulenzi Gulere

School of International Studies Faculty Articles

Background: The United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals Report, 2015, documents that, since 1990, the number of stunted children in sub-Saharan Africa has increased by 33% even though it has fallen in all other world regions. Recognizing this, in 2011 the Government of Uganda implemented a 5-year Nutrition Action Plan. One important tenet of the Plan is to lessen malnutrition in young children by discouraging over-consumption of nutritionally deficient, but plentiful, staple foods, which it defines as a type of food insecurity.

Methods: We use a sample of 6101 observations on 3427 children age five or less compiled from three annual …

Asymptomatic Hypertension In The Emergency Department, Jed Grant, Karimeh Borghei

Physician Assistant Faculty & Staff Articles

Although there are clear guidelines for the treatment of patients with end-organ damage (hypertensive crisis), there is little evidence to guide the evaluation of asymptomatic patients with elevated blood pressure in the ED. A reasonable approach is to attempt to ascertain the baseline blood pressure, determine if there is a high probability of occult end-organ damage, avoid nonbeneficial diagnostic studies, reduce further risk to patients by initiating conservative treatment in the ED, and allow the primary care provider to bring patients to the goal blood pressure. Generally acute treatment is not indicated and may possibly be harmful.

Idiopathic Condylar Resorption: The Current Understanding In Diagnosis And Treatment, Andrew L. Young

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Idiopathic condylar resorption (ICR) is a condition with no known cause, which manifests as progressive malocclusion, esthetic changes, and often pain. Cone‑beam computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the most valuable imaging methods for diagnosis and tracking, compared to the less complete and more distorted images provided by panoramic radiographs, and the higher radiation of ^99mtechnetium‑methylene diphosphonate. ICR has findings that overlap with osteoarthritis, inflammatory arthritis, physiologic resorption/remodeling, congenital disorders affecting the mandible, requiring thorough image analysis, physical examination, and history‑taking. Correct diagnosis and determination of whether the ICR is active or inactive are essential when orthodontic or …

The Pharmacists’ Patient Care Process And More?, Eric G. Boyce

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Synthetic Antibody Mimic Peptides, Bhaskara Jasti, Xiaoling Li, Jerry W. Tsai, Hyun Joo, Yu Zheng, Sameer Sachdeva

Pacific Patents

The present disclosure relates to compositions and methods comprising peptide molecules that mimic the binding and functional properties of native antibodies relative to their respective targets. Some embodiments comprise peptide-drug conjugates (PDCs) comprising the mimic peptides disclosed herein. The targets of these mimic peptides include epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1), and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1). The present disclosure comprises application of the knob-socket computational model to design antibody mimics for proteins.

Pro And Anti-Inflammatory Cytokine Levels (Tnf- , Il-1 , Il-6 Andil-10) In Rat Model Of Neuroma, Junad Khan, Noboru Noma, Andrew L. Young, Davis Thomas

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Traumatic neuroma is neuronal tissue proliferation developed in a nerve injury site, often associatedwith increased sensitivity and spontaneous or evoked neuropathic pain. The mechanisms leading to the disorganized nerve proliferation are not completely understood, though inflammation in the injured nerve vicinity most likely has a role in the process. Inflammatory cytokines are also known to be involvedin the maintenance and development of post-traumatic and neuropathic pain. The goal of this study wasto quantify and compare pro and anti-inflammatory cytokines (TNF- , IL-1 , IL-6 and IL-10) levels innerves that formed neuromas and nerves that did not, following sciatic nerve transection. …

Creation Of An Immunodeficient Hla-Transgenic Mouse (Humamice) And Functional Validation Of Human Immunity After Transfer Of Hla-Matched Human Cells, Yang Zeng, Bingrun Liu, Marie-Therese Rubio, Xinyue Wang, David M. Ojcius, Ruoping Tang, Antoine Durrbach, Zhitao Ru, Yusen Zhou, Yu-Chun Lone

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Research on human immunology has been hindered by the lack of optimal small animal models, given that the protective immune responses of human and non-human species show significant differences. However, due to ethical constraints[1] and the high cost of clinical trials, it is urgent to improve the current animal models that can mimic faithfully human physiology, particularly the human immune system (HIS). HIS mice had been generated recently by engrafting human hematopoietic stem cells (hHSCs) or human peripheral mononuclear cells (hPBMCs) into highly immuno-deficient mice such as NSG, NOG or NRG mice. However, a major experimental drawback for studies using …

Non-Medical Use Of Prescription Opioids Is Associated With Heroin Initiation Among Us Veterans, Xiulu Ruan, Jin Jun Luo, Adam M. Kaye, Alan David Kaye

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Gpr124 Is Essential For Blood-Brain Barrier Integrity In Central Nervous System Disease, Junlei Chang, Michael R. Mancuso, Carolina Maier, Xibin Liang, Kanako Yuki, Lu Yang, Jeffrey W. Kwong, Jing Wang, Varsha Rao, Mario Vallon, Cynthia Kosinski, J. J. Haijing Zhang, Amanda T. Mah, Lijun Xu, Le Li, Sharareh Gholamin, Teresa F. Reyes, Rui Li, Frank Kuhnert, Xiaoyuan Han, Jenny Yuan, Shin Heng Chiou, Ari D. Brettman, Lauren Daly, David C. Corney, Samuel H. Cheshier, Linda D. Shortliffe, Xiwei Wu, Michael Snyder

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Although blood-brain barrier (BBB) compromise is central to the etiology of diverse central nervous system (CNS) disorders, endothelial receptor proteins that control BBB function are poorly defined. The endothelial G-protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) Gpr124 has been reported to be required for normal forebrain angiogenesis and BBB function in mouse embryos, but the role of this receptor in adult animals is unknown. Here Gpr124 conditional knockout (CKO) in the endothelia of adult mice did not affect homeostatic BBB integrity, but resulted in BBB disruption and microvascular hemorrhage in mouse models of both ischemic stroke and glioblastoma, accompanied by reduced cerebrovascular canonical Wnt-β-catenin …

The Role Of Neurotrophic Factors In Dental Pulp Stem Cell, Nan (Tori) Xiao, Kamille Mercado

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Presentations

Objectives: The objective of the study is to investigate the role of neurotrophic factors in the DPSCs mediated tissue regeneration.

Methods: Human DPSCs cells were gift from Dr. Songtao Shi, Chair and Professor Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine DPSCs mRNA was extracted from samples of five different patients, and reverse transcripted into cDNA. Primer sequences were designed with Primer3web online software. Quantitative PCR was performed on the cDNA samples using a 7900HT detection system (Applied Biosystems). All PCR reactions were carried out in triplicate. Quantification of the samples was calculated with the …

The Role Of Neurotrophic Factors In Dental Pulp Stem Cell, Nan (Tori) Xiao, Kamille Mercado

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Presentations

Objectives: The objective of the study is to investigate the role of neurotrophic factors in the DPSCs mediated tissue regeneration.

Methods: Human DPSCs cells were gift from Dr. Songtao Shi, Chair and Professor Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, University of Pennsylvania School of Dental Medicine DPSCs mRNA was extracted from samples of five different patients, and reverse transcripted into cDNA. Primer sequences were designed with Primer3web online software. Quantitative PCR was performed on the cDNA samples using a 7900HT detection system (Applied Biosystems). All PCR reactions were carried out in triplicate. Quantification of the samples was calculated with the …

Voicethread Promotes Student Centered Learning By Improving Student Discussion, Ruidan Ma, Xiao Xi Yu, Nan (Tori) Xiao, Der Thor

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Presentations

No abstract provided.

Recurrent Rearrangements Of The Myb/Sant-Like Dna-Binding Domain Containing 3 Gene (Msantd3) In Salivary Gland Acinic Cell Carcinoma, Nicholas Barasch, Xue Gong, Kevin A. Kwei, Sushama Varma, Jewison Biscocho, Kunbin Qu, Nan (Tori) Xiao, Joseph S. Lipsick, Robert J. Pelham, Robert B. West, Jonathan R. Pollack

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Pathogenic gene fusions have been identified in several histologic types of salivary gland neoplasia, but not previously in acinic cell carcinoma (AcCC). To discover novel gene fusions, we performed whole-transcriptome sequencing surveys of three AcCC archival cases. In one specimen we identified a novel HTN3-MSANTD3 gene fusion, and in another a novel PRB3-ZNF217 gene fusion. The structure of both fusions was consistent with the promoter of the 5' partner (HTN3 or PRB3), both highly expressed salivary gland genes, driving overexpression of full-length MSANTD3 or ZNF217. By fluorescence in situ hybridization of an expanded AcCC case series, we observed MSANTD3 rearrangements …

Prescription Opioid Abuse In Chronic Pain: An Updated Review Of Opioid Abuse Predictors And Strategies To Curb Opioid Abuse: Part 1, Alan David Kaye, Mark R. Jones, Adam M. Kaye, Juan G. Ripoll, Vincent Galan, Burton D. Beakley, Francisco Calixto, Jamie L. Bolden, Richard D. Urman, Laxmaiah Manchikanti

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Chronic pain and prescription opioid abuse are extremely prevalent both in this country and worldwide. Consequences of opioid misuse can be life-threatening with significant morbidity and mortality, exacting a heavy toll on patients, physicians, and society. Individuals with chronic pain and co-occurring substance use disorders and/or mental health disorders, are at a higher risk for misuse of prescribed opioids. Opioid abuse and misuse occurs for a variety of reasons, including self-medication, use for reward, compulsive use because of addiction, and diversion for profit. There is a significant need for treatment approaches that balance treating chronic pain; while minimizing risks for …

Prescription Opioid Abuse In Chronic Pain: An Updated Review Of Opioid Abuse Predictors And Strategies To Curb Opioid Abuse (Part 2), Alan David Kaye, Mark R. Jones, Adam M. Kaye, Juan G. Ripoll, Donald E. Jones, Vincent Galan, Burton D. Beakley, Francisco Calixto, Jamie L. Bolden, Richard D. Urman, Laxmaiah Manchikanti

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Chronic pain and prescription opioid abuse are extremely prevalent in the United States and worldwide. The consequences of opioid misuse can be life-threatening with significant morbidity and mortality, exacting a heavy toll on patients, physicians, and society. The risk for misuse of prescribed opioids is much higher in patients with chronic pain, especially those with concurrent substance use and /or mental health disorders. Several reasons can account for the occurrence of opioid abuse and misuse, including self-medication, use for reward, compulsive use related to addiction, and diversion for profit. There is a need, therefore, for therapeutic approaches that balance treating …

Responsible, Safe, And Effective Prescription Of Opioids For Chronic Non-Cancer Pain: American Society Of Interventional Pain Physicians (Asipp) Guidelines, Laxmaiah Manchikanti, Adam M. Kaye, Nebojsa Nick Knezevic, Heath Mcanally, Andrea M. Trescot, Susan Blank, Vidyasagar Pampati, Salahadin Abdi, Jay S. Grider, Alan David Kaye, Kavita N. Manchikanti, Harold J. Cordner, Christopher G. Gharibo, Michael E. Harned, Sheri L. Albers, Sairam Atluri, Steve M. Aydin, Sanjay Bakshi, Robert Barkin, Ramsin M. Benyamin, Mark V. Boswell, Ricardo M. Buenaventura, Aaron K. Calodney, David L. Cedeno, Sukdeb Datta, Timothy R. Deer, Bert Fellows, Vincent Galan, Vahid Grami, Hans Hansen, Standiford Helm

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Background: Opioid use, abuse, and adverse consequences, including death, have escalated at an alarming rate since the 1990s. In an attempt to control opioid abuse, numerous regulations and guidelines for responsible opioid prescribing have been developed by various organizations. However, the US opioid epidemic is continuing and drug dose deaths tripled during 1999 to 2015. Recent data show a continuing increase in deaths due to natural and semisynthetic opioids, a decline in methadone deaths, and an explosive increase in the rates of deaths involving other opioids, specifically heroin and illicit synthetic fentanyl. Contrary to scientific evidence of efficacy and negative …

Potential Ciliary Neurotrophic Factor Application In Dental Stem Cell Therapy, Patrick Suezaki, Nan (Tori) Xiao

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Neurotrophic factors have long been considered growth factors that promote survival and growth of various neuronal tissues. Recent studies showed that neurotrophic factors are also present in dental pulp and periodontal ligament. This paper reviews the literature about the ciliary neurotrophic factor (CNTF), a member of the neurotrophic factor family, and indicates the potential clinical application of CNTF in dental stem cell therapy.

Cortical Correlates Of The Auditory Frequency-Following And Onset Responses: Eeg And Fmri Evidence, Emily B.J. Coffey, Gabriella Musacchia, Robert J. Zatorre

All Faculty Scholarship

The frequency-following response (FFR) is a measure of the brain's periodic sound encoding. It is of increasing importance for studying the human auditory nervous system due to numerous associations with auditory cognition and dysfunction. Although the FFR is widely interpreted as originating from brainstem nuclei, a recent study using MEG suggested that there is also a right-lateralized contribution from the auditory cortex at the fundamental frequency (Coffey et al., 2016b). Our objectives in the present work were to validate and better localize this result using a completely different neuroimaging modality and to document the relationships between the FFR, the onset …

What’S Next For Obamacare?, Peter E. Hilsenrath, Liam O'Neill

Eberhardt School of Business Faculty Articles

No abstract provided.

Isolation, Culture And Characterization Of Hirsutella Sinensis Mycelium From Caterpillar Fungus Fruiting Body, Yun-Fei Komi, Jian-Ching Liau, Chien-Sheng Lee, Chen-Yaw Chiu, Jan Martel, Chuan-Sheng Lin, Shan-Fu Tseng, David M. Ojcius, Chia-Chen Lu, Hsin-Chih Lai, John Ding-E. Young

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

The caterpillar fungus Ophiocordyceps sinensis (previously called Cordyceps sinensis) has been used for centuries in Asia as a tonic to improve health and longevity. Recent studies show that O. sinensis produces a wide range of biological effects on cells, laboratory animals and humans, including anti-fatigue, anti-infection, anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and anti-tumor activities. In view of the rarity of O. sinensis fruiting bodies in nature, cultivation of its anamorph mycelium represents a useful alternative for large-scale production. However, O. sinensis fruiting bodies harvested in nature harbor several fungal contaminants, a phenomenon that led to the isolation and characterization of a large number …

Pharmacists’ Opinions Of The Value Of Cape Outcomes In Hiring Decisions, G. L. Alston, W. A. Marsh, A. N. Castleberry, K. A. Kelley, Eric G. Boyce

School of Pharmacy Faculty Articles

Objective. The Hiring Intent Reasoning Examination (HIRE) was designed to explore the utility of the CAPE 2013 outcomes attributes from the perspective of practicing pharmacists, examine how each attribute influences hiring decisions, and identify which of the attributes are perceived as most and least valuable by practicing pharmacists.

Methods. An electronic questionnaire was developed and distributed to licensed pharmacists in four states to collect their opinions about 15 CAPE subdomains plus five additional business related attributes. The attributes that respondents identified were: necessary to be a good pharmacist, would impact hiring decisions, most important to them, and in short supply …

Micrornas Modulate Pathogenesis Resulting From Chlamydial Infection In Mice, Laxmi Yeruva, S. Pouncey, Michael R. Eledge, Sudeepa Bhattacharya, Chunqiao Luo, Erin W. Weatherford, David M. Ojcius, Roger G. Rank

All Dugoni School of Dentistry Faculty Articles

Not all women infected with chlamydiae develop upper genital tract disease, but the reason(s) for this remains undefined. Host genetics and hormonal changes associated with the menstrual cycle are possible explanations for variable infection outcomes. It is also possible that disease severity depends on the virulence of the chlamydial inoculum. It is likely that the inoculum contains multiple genetic variants, differing in virulence. If the virulent variants dominate, then the individual is more likely to develop severe disease. Based on our previous studies, we hypothesized that the relative degree of virulence of a chlamydial population dictates the microRNA (miRNA) expression …