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Articles 1 - 30 of 494
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Chronic Betahistine Co-Treatment Reverses Olanzapine's Effects On Dopamine D2 But Not 5-Ht2a/2c Bindings In Rat Brains, Jiamei Lian, Xu-Feng Huang, Nagesh B. Pai, Chao Deng
Chronic Betahistine Co-Treatment Reverses Olanzapine's Effects On Dopamine D2 But Not 5-Ht2a/2c Bindings In Rat Brains, Jiamei Lian, Xu-Feng Huang, Nagesh B. Pai, Chao Deng
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Olanzapine is widely prescribed for treating schizophrenia and other mental disorders, although it leads to severe body weight gain/obesity. Chronic co-treatment with betahistine has been found to significantly decrease olanzapine-induced weight gain; however, it is not clear whether this co-treatment affects the therapeutic effects of olanzapine. This study investigated the effects of chronic treatment of olanzapine and/or betahistine on the binding density of the serotonergic 5-HT2A (5-HT2AR) and 5-HT2C (5-HT2CR) receptors, 5-HT transporter (5-HTT), and dopaminergic D2 receptors (D2R) in the brain regions involved in antipsychotic efficacy, including the prefrontal cortex (PFC), cingulate cortex (Cg), nucleus accumbens (NAc), and caudate …
Nutrient Essentiality Revisited, Stephanie Jew, Jean-Michel Antoine, Pierre Bourlioux, John Milner, Linda C. Tapsell, Yuexin Yang, Peter J. H Jones
Nutrient Essentiality Revisited, Stephanie Jew, Jean-Michel Antoine, Pierre Bourlioux, John Milner, Linda C. Tapsell, Yuexin Yang, Peter J. H Jones
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
With increased understanding of the complex roles nutrients play within metabolic pathways, the purpose of this contribution is to explore the rationale for expanding the definitions and criteria for nutrient essentiality. A further objective was to develop three case study scenarios to probe issues surrounding the definition of essentiality using dietary fibre, plant sterols and polyphenols. Current definitions and criteria for "essentiality" were reviewed through an environmental scan of the scientific literature. Additionally, international regulatory bodies were asked whether the terms "nutrient" and/or "essential nutrient" are regulated in their respective jurisdictions. Regulatory bodies including the EFSA, the US FDA, HC …
Differential Effects Of Short- And Long-Term Antipsychotic Treatment On The Expression Of Neuregulin-1 And Erbb4 Receptors In The Rat Brain, Chao Deng, Bo Pan, Chang-Hua Hu, Mei Han, Xu-Feng Huang
Differential Effects Of Short- And Long-Term Antipsychotic Treatment On The Expression Of Neuregulin-1 And Erbb4 Receptors In The Rat Brain, Chao Deng, Bo Pan, Chang-Hua Hu, Mei Han, Xu-Feng Huang
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Neuregulin-1 (NRG1) and ErbB4 genes have been identified as candidate genes for schizophrenia. Post-mortem studies indicated that NRG1-ErbB4 signalling is impaired in schizophrenia subjects. This study investigated whether short- or long-term antipsychotic treatment has different effects on the expression of NRG1 and ErbB4 receptors. Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with either aripiprazole (0.75 mg/kg), haloperidol (0.1 mg/kg), olanzapine (0.5 mg/kg), or vehicle, 3 times/day for 1 or 12 weeks. Western blotting was performed to examine the expression of NRG1 isoforms (135 kDa, 70 kDa and 40 kDa) and ErbB4 receptors. Both 1-week haloperidol and olanzapine treatment increased NRG1-70 kDa …
Comparing Alternative Design Options For Chronic Disease Prevention Interventions, Mohammad Golfam, Reed Beall, Jamie Brehaut, Sara Saeed, Clare Relton, Fred D. Ashbury, Julian Little
Comparing Alternative Design Options For Chronic Disease Prevention Interventions, Mohammad Golfam, Reed Beall, Jamie Brehaut, Sara Saeed, Clare Relton, Fred D. Ashbury, Julian Little
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Background While the randomized clinical trial is considered to provide the highest level of evidence in clinical medicine, its superiority to other study designs in the context of prevention studies is debated. The purpose of this review was (i) to gather evidence about challenges facing both randomized controlled trials and observational designs for the conduct of population-based chronic disease prevention interventions and (ii) to consider the suitability of recently proposed hybrid designs for population-based prevention intervention studies. Methods Rapid review methods were employed for this study. Articles published within 2007-2012, were included if they: (i) discussed challenges or benefits related …
Palmitic Acid Induces Central Leptin Resistance And Impairs Hepatic Glucose And Lipid Metabolism In Male Mice, Licai Cheng, Yinghua Yu, Alexander M. Szabo, Yizhen Wu, Hongqin Wang, Danielle Camer, Xu-Feng Huang
Palmitic Acid Induces Central Leptin Resistance And Impairs Hepatic Glucose And Lipid Metabolism In Male Mice, Licai Cheng, Yinghua Yu, Alexander M. Szabo, Yizhen Wu, Hongqin Wang, Danielle Camer, Xu-Feng Huang
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
The consumption of diets rich in saturated fat largely contributes to the development of obesity in modern societies. A diet high in saturated fats can induce inflammation and impair leptin signaling in the hypothalamus. However, the role of saturated fatty acids on hypothalamic leptin signaling, and hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism remains largely undiscovered. In this study, we investigated the effects of intracerebroventricular (icv) administration of a saturated fatty acid, palmitic acid (PA, C16:0), on central leptin sensitivity, hypothalamic leptin signaling, inflammatory molecules and hepatic energy metabolism in C57BL/6 J male mice. We found that the icv administration of PA …
Nmda Receptor Antagonism By Phencyclidine Reduces Nwasp And Wave1 Protein Expression And Reduces Levels Of Myelination Markers In The Prefrontal Cortex Of Rats, Jessica L. Andrews, Kelly A. Newell, Natalie Matosin, Xu-Feng Huang, Francesca Fernandez-Enright
Nmda Receptor Antagonism By Phencyclidine Reduces Nwasp And Wave1 Protein Expression And Reduces Levels Of Myelination Markers In The Prefrontal Cortex Of Rats, Jessica L. Andrews, Kelly A. Newell, Natalie Matosin, Xu-Feng Huang, Francesca Fernandez-Enright
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor antagonism by perinatal phencyclidine (PCP) treatment leads to neuronal damage and causes long-term behavioural alterations in rodents. It is routinely used to model pathological processes in the brain that may be present in schizophrenia, such as alterations to dendritic development, and disruptions to myelin processes. Both of these processes occur during brain development and are highly implicated in the schizophrenia pathophysiology. Changes to the polymerization and reorganization of the actin cytoskeleton can have significant effects on the morphology and dynamics of the dendrites within the brain. Actin regulation is primarily regulated by neural Wiskott-Aldrich syndrome protein (NWASP), …
Arachidonic Acid Impairs Hypothalamic Leptin Signaling And Hepatic Energy Homeostasis In Mice, Licai Cheng, Yinghua Yu, Qingsheng Zhang, Alexander M. Szabo, Hongqin Wang, Xu-Feng Huang
Arachidonic Acid Impairs Hypothalamic Leptin Signaling And Hepatic Energy Homeostasis In Mice, Licai Cheng, Yinghua Yu, Qingsheng Zhang, Alexander M. Szabo, Hongqin Wang, Xu-Feng Huang
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Epidemiological evidence suggests that the consumption of a diet high in n-6 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) is associated with the development of leptin resistance and obesity. We aim to examine the central effect of n-6 PUFA, arachidonic acid (ARA) on leptin sensitivity and leptin-regulated hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism. We found that intracerebroventricular injection of ARA (25 nmol/day) for 2.5 days reversed the effect of central leptin on hypothalamic JAK2, pSTAT3, pAkt, and pFOXO1 protein levels, which was concomitant with a pro-inflammatory response in the hypothalamus. ARA also attenuated the effect of central leptin on hepatic glucose and lipid metabolism …
Alterations Of Mglur5 And Its Endogenous Regulators Norbin, Tamalin And Preso1 In Schizophrenia: Towards A Model Of Mglur5 Dysregulation, Natalie Matosin, Francesca Fernandez-Enright, Samantha J. Fung, Jeremy S. Lum, Martin Engel, Jessica L. Andrews, Xu-Feng Huang, Cynthia S. Weickert, Kelly A. Newell
Alterations Of Mglur5 And Its Endogenous Regulators Norbin, Tamalin And Preso1 In Schizophrenia: Towards A Model Of Mglur5 Dysregulation, Natalie Matosin, Francesca Fernandez-Enright, Samantha J. Fung, Jeremy S. Lum, Martin Engel, Jessica L. Andrews, Xu-Feng Huang, Cynthia S. Weickert, Kelly A. Newell
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Knockout of genes encoding metabotropic glutamate receptor 5 (mGluR5) or its endogenous regulators, such as Norbin, induce a schizophrenia-like phenotype in rodents, suggesting dysregulation of mGluR5 in schizophrenia. Human genetic and pharmacological animal studies support this hypothesis, but no studies have explored mGluR5 dysfunction at the molecular level in the postmortem schizophrenia brain. We assessed mGluR5 mRNA and protein levels in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) using a large cohort of schizophrenia and control subjects (n = 37/group), and additionally measured protein levels of recently discovered mGluR5 endogenous regulators, Norbin (neurochondrin), Tamalin (GRASP-1), and Preso1 (FRMPD4), which regulate mGluR5 localization, …
Apolipoprotein D Modulates Amyloid Pathology In App/Ps1 Alzheimer's Disease Mice, Hongyun Li, Kalani R. Ruberu, Sonia Sanz Munoz, Andrew M. Jenner, Adena S. Spiro, Hua Zhao, Eric Rassart, Diego Sanchez, Maria D. Ganfornina, Tim Karl, Brett Garner
Apolipoprotein D Modulates Amyloid Pathology In App/Ps1 Alzheimer's Disease Mice, Hongyun Li, Kalani R. Ruberu, Sonia Sanz Munoz, Andrew M. Jenner, Adena S. Spiro, Hua Zhao, Eric Rassart, Diego Sanchez, Maria D. Ganfornina, Tim Karl, Brett Garner
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Apolipoprotein D (apoD) is expressed in the brain and levels are increased in affected brain regions in Alzheimer's disease (AD). The role that apoD may play in regulating AD pathology has not been addressed. Here, we crossed both apoD-null mice and Thy-1 human apoD transgenic mice with APP-PS1 amyloidogenic AD mice. Loss of apoD resulted in a nearly 2-fold increase in hippocampal amyloid plaque load, as assessed by immunohistochemical staining. Conversely, transgenic expression of neuronal apoD reduced hippocampal plaque load by approximately 35%. This latter finding was associated with a 60% decrease in amyloid β 1-40 peptide levels, and a …
Bardoxolone Methyl Prevents Insulin Resistance And The Development Of Hepatic Steatosis In Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet, Danielle Camer, Yinghua Yu, Alexander M. Szabo, Hoang Lan Chi Dinh, Hongqin Wang, Licai Cheng, Xu-Feng Huang
Bardoxolone Methyl Prevents Insulin Resistance And The Development Of Hepatic Steatosis In Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet, Danielle Camer, Yinghua Yu, Alexander M. Szabo, Hoang Lan Chi Dinh, Hongqin Wang, Licai Cheng, Xu-Feng Huang
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
High-fat (HF) diet-induced obesity is a major risk factor for the development of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis. We examined the hypothesis that bardoxolone methyl (BM) would prevent the development of insulin resistance and hepatic steatosis in mice fed a HF diet. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a lab chow (LC), HF (40% fat), or HF diet supplemented with 10 mg/kg/day BM orally for 21 weeks. Glucose metabolism was assessed using a glucose tolerance test (GTT) and insulin sensitivity test (IST). Signalling molecules involved in insulin resistance, inflammation, and lipid metabolism were examined in liver tissue via western blotting and …
Bardoxolone Methyl Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Alterations In Prefrontal Cortex Signalling Molecules Involved In Recognition Memory, Danielle Camer, Yinghua Yu, Alexander M. Szabo, Francesca Fernandez-Enright, Hoang Lan Chi Dinh, Xu-Feng Huang
Bardoxolone Methyl Prevents High-Fat Diet-Induced Alterations In Prefrontal Cortex Signalling Molecules Involved In Recognition Memory, Danielle Camer, Yinghua Yu, Alexander M. Szabo, Francesca Fernandez-Enright, Hoang Lan Chi Dinh, Xu-Feng Huang
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
High fat (HF) diets are known to induce changes in synaptic plasticity in the forebrain leading to learning and memory impairments. Previous studies of oleanolic acid derivatives have found that these compounds can cross the blood-brain barrier to prevent neuronal cell death. We examined the hypothesis that the oleanolic acid derivative, bardoxolone methyl (BM) would prevent diet-induced cognitive deficits in mice fed a HF diet. C57BL/6J male mice were fed a lab chow (LC) (5% of energy as fat), a HF (40% of energy as fat), or a HF diet supplemented with 10 mg/kg/day BM orally for 21 weeks. Recognition …
Intra-Operative Tissue Oxygen Tension Is Increased By Local Insufflation Of Humidified-Warm Co2 During Open Abdominal Surgery In A Rat Model, Jean Marshall, Pernilla Lindner, Noel Tait, Tracy A. Maddocks, Angelique H. Riepsamen, Jan Van Der Linden
Intra-Operative Tissue Oxygen Tension Is Increased By Local Insufflation Of Humidified-Warm Co2 During Open Abdominal Surgery In A Rat Model, Jean Marshall, Pernilla Lindner, Noel Tait, Tracy A. Maddocks, Angelique H. Riepsamen, Jan Van Der Linden
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Introduction Maintenance of high tissue oxygenation (PtO2) is recommended during surgery because PtO2 is highly predictive of surgical site infection and colonic anastomotic leakage. However, surgical site perfusion is often sub-optimal, creating an obstructive hurdle for traditional, systemically applied therapies to maintain or increase surgical site PtO2. This research tested the hypothesis that insufflation of humidified-warm CO2 into the abdominal cavity would increase sub-peritoneal PtO2 during open abdominal surgery. Materials and Methods 15 Wistar rats underwent laparotomy under general anesthesia. Three sets of randomized cross-over experiments were conducted in which the abdominal cavity was subjected to alternating exposure to 1) …
Bardoxolone Methyl Prevents Fat Deposition And Inflammation In Brown Adipose Tissue And Enhances Sympathetic Activity In Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet, Chi H. L Dinh, Alexander M. Szabo, Yinghua Yu, Danielle Camer, Qingsheng Zhang, Hongqin Wang, Xu-Feng Huang
Bardoxolone Methyl Prevents Fat Deposition And Inflammation In Brown Adipose Tissue And Enhances Sympathetic Activity In Mice Fed A High-Fat Diet, Chi H. L Dinh, Alexander M. Szabo, Yinghua Yu, Danielle Camer, Qingsheng Zhang, Hongqin Wang, Xu-Feng Huang
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Obesity results in changes in brown adipose tissue (BAT) morphology, leading to fat deposition, inflammation, and alterations in sympathetic nerve activity. Bardoxolone methyl (BARD) has been extensively studied for the treatment of chronic diseases. We present for the first time the effects of oral BARD treatment on BAT morphology and associated changes in the brainstem. Three groups (n = 7) of C57BL/6J mice were fed either a high-fat diet (HFD), a high-fat diet supplemented with BARD (HFD/BARD), or a low-fat diet (LFD) for 21 weeks. BARD was administered daily in drinking water. Interscapular BAT, and ventrolateral medulla (VLM) and dorsal …
Risperidone-Induced Weight Gain And Reduced Locomotor Activity In Juvenile Female Rats: The Role Of Histaminergic And Npy Pathways, Jiamei Lian, Michael De Santis, Meng He, Chao Deng
Risperidone-Induced Weight Gain And Reduced Locomotor Activity In Juvenile Female Rats: The Role Of Histaminergic And Npy Pathways, Jiamei Lian, Michael De Santis, Meng He, Chao Deng
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Second generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) such as risperidone are increasingly prescribed (mostly for off-label use) to children and adolescents for treating various mental disorders. SGAs cause serious weight gain/obesity and other metabolic side-effects. This study aimed to establish an animal model of risperidone-induced weight gain in female juvenile rats, and to investigate the effects of risperidone on the expression of hypothalamic histaminergic H1 receptors (H1R) and neuropeptides, and their association with weight gain. Female Sprague Dawley rats were treated orally with risperidone (0.3 mg/kg, 3 times/day) or vehicle (control) starting from postnatal day (PD) 23 (±1 day) for 3 weeks …
Acute Effects Of Oral Olanzapine Treatment On The Expression Of Fatty Acid And Cholesterol Metabolism-Related Gene In Rats, Xuemei Liu, Chao Deng, Shuang Cao, Jingwen Gong, Bo-Chu Wang, Chang-Hua Hu
Acute Effects Of Oral Olanzapine Treatment On The Expression Of Fatty Acid And Cholesterol Metabolism-Related Gene In Rats, Xuemei Liu, Chao Deng, Shuang Cao, Jingwen Gong, Bo-Chu Wang, Chang-Hua Hu
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Aims Second-generation antipsychotic drugs (SGAs) have a high risk for serious metabolic side-effects including dyslipidemia. This study aimed to investigate the acute effects of oral olanzapine treatment on the expression of genes for fatty acid and cholesterol biosynthesis in rats. Main methods Female Sprague-Dawley rats were treated orally with olanzapine (1 mg/kg, equivalent to a human clinical dose of 10 mg) via self-administration aimed to measure pharmacokinetics. Based on the pharmacokinetic analysis, the acute effects of olanzapine on sterol regulatory element binding protein (SREBP)-related fatty acid/cholesterol metabolism genes were investigated in the liver and perirenal white adipose tissue (WAT) by …
Area Level Socioeconomic Disadvantage And Diabetes Control In The Simlr Study Cohort: Implications For Health Service Planning, Andrew D. Bonney, Darren J. Mayne, Peter Caputi, Kathryn M. Weston, Christopher A. Magee, Abhijeet Ghosh
Area Level Socioeconomic Disadvantage And Diabetes Control In The Simlr Study Cohort: Implications For Health Service Planning, Andrew D. Bonney, Darren J. Mayne, Peter Caputi, Kathryn M. Weston, Christopher A. Magee, Abhijeet Ghosh
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Abstract of a poster presentation at the 2015 PHC Research Conference, Adelaide, 29-31 July, 2015.
Alpha-2-Macroglobulin Is Acutely Sensitive To Freezing And Lyophilization: Implications For Structural And Functional Studies, Amy R. Wyatt, Janet R. Kumita, Natalie E. Farrawell, Christopher M. Dobson, Mark R. Wilson
Alpha-2-Macroglobulin Is Acutely Sensitive To Freezing And Lyophilization: Implications For Structural And Functional Studies, Amy R. Wyatt, Janet R. Kumita, Natalie E. Farrawell, Christopher M. Dobson, Mark R. Wilson
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Alpha-2-macroglobulin is an abundant secreted protein that is of particular interest because of its diverse ligand binding profile and multifunctional nature, which includes roles as a protease inhibitor and as a molecular chaperone. The activities of alpha-2-macroglobulin are typically dependent on whether its conformation is native or transformed (i.e. adopts a more compact conformation after interactions with proteases or small nucleophiles), and are also influenced by dissociation of the native alpha-2-macroglobulin tetramer into stable dimers. Alpha-2-macroglobulin is predominately present as the native tetramer in vivo; once purified from human blood plasma, however, alpha-2-macroglobulin can undergo a number of conformational changes …
Alterations Of P75 Neurotrophin Receptor And Myelin Transcription Factor 1 In The Hippocampus Of Perinatal Phencyclidine Treated Rats, Jessica L. Andrews, Kelly A. Newell, Natalie Matosin, Xu-Feng Huang, Francesca Fernandez-Enright
Alterations Of P75 Neurotrophin Receptor And Myelin Transcription Factor 1 In The Hippocampus Of Perinatal Phencyclidine Treated Rats, Jessica L. Andrews, Kelly A. Newell, Natalie Matosin, Xu-Feng Huang, Francesca Fernandez-Enright
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Postnatal administration of phencyclidine (PCP) in rodents causes major disturbances to neurological processes resulting in severe modifications to normal behavioral traits into adulthood. It is routinely used to model psychiatric disorders such as schizophrenia, producing many of the dysfunctional processes in the brain that are present in this devastating disorder, including elevated levels of apoptosis during neurodevelopment and disruptions to myelin and plasticity processes. Lingo-1 (or Leucine-rich repeat and immunoglobulin domain-containing protein) is responsible for negatively regulating neurite outgrowth and the myelination of axons. Recent findings using a postmortem human brain cohort showed that Lingo-1 signaling partners in the Nogo …
Unique Effects Of Acute Aripiprazole Treatment On The Dopamine D2 Receptor Downstream Camp-Pka And Akt-Gsk3Β Signalling Pathways In Rats, Bo Pan, Jiezhong Chen, Jiamei Lian, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng
Unique Effects Of Acute Aripiprazole Treatment On The Dopamine D2 Receptor Downstream Camp-Pka And Akt-Gsk3Β Signalling Pathways In Rats, Bo Pan, Jiezhong Chen, Jiamei Lian, Xu-Feng Huang, Chao Deng
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Aripiprazole is a wide-used antipsychotic drug with therapeutic effects on both positive and negative symptoms of schizophrenia, and reduced side-effects. Although aripiprazole was developed as a dopamine D2 receptor (D2R) partial agonist, all other D2R partial agonists that aimed to mimic aripiprazole failed to exert therapeutic effects in clinic. The present in vivo study aimed to investigate the effects of aripiprazole on the D2R downstream cAMP-PKA and Akt-GSK3β signalling pathways in comparison with a D2R antagonist - haloperidol and a D2R partial agonist - bifeprunox. Rats were injected once with aripiprazole (0.75mg/kg, i.p.), bifeprunox (0.8mg/kg, i.p.), haloperidol (0.1mg/kg, i.p.) or …
Teasaponin Improves Leptin Sensitivity In The Prefrontal Cortex Of Obese Mice, Yinghua Yu, Hongqin Wang, Yizhen Wu, Alexander M. Szabo, Christopher Bell, Xu-Feng Huang
Teasaponin Improves Leptin Sensitivity In The Prefrontal Cortex Of Obese Mice, Yinghua Yu, Hongqin Wang, Yizhen Wu, Alexander M. Szabo, Christopher Bell, Xu-Feng Huang
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Abstract of a poster presentation.
Neuropathology Of Muscarinic Receptor In The Prenatal Infection - Rat Model, Zehra Boz, Yinghua Yu, Christopher Bell, Hongqin Wang, Xu-Feng Huang
Neuropathology Of Muscarinic Receptor In The Prenatal Infection - Rat Model, Zehra Boz, Yinghua Yu, Christopher Bell, Hongqin Wang, Xu-Feng Huang
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Abstract of a poster presentation.
Olanzapine Differentially Corrects Altered Nmda Receptor Binding Induced By Prenatal Polyic And Lps, Christopher Bell, Zehra Boz, Hongqin Wang, Yinghua Yu, Xu-Feng Huang
Olanzapine Differentially Corrects Altered Nmda Receptor Binding Induced By Prenatal Polyic And Lps, Christopher Bell, Zehra Boz, Hongqin Wang, Yinghua Yu, Xu-Feng Huang
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Abstract of a poster presentation.
Prenatal Infection Promotes Olanzapine-Induced Obesity In Rats: Implications For Antipsychotic-Induced Obesity In Schizophrenia, Xu-Feng Huang, Christopher Bell, Hongqin Wang, Zehra Boz, Yinghua Yu
Prenatal Infection Promotes Olanzapine-Induced Obesity In Rats: Implications For Antipsychotic-Induced Obesity In Schizophrenia, Xu-Feng Huang, Christopher Bell, Hongqin Wang, Zehra Boz, Yinghua Yu
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Abstract of a poster presentation.
Implications Of Ghrelin And Hexarelin In Diabetes And Diabetes-Associated Heart Diseases, Rasha Mofeed Habeeb Mosa, Zhen Zhang, Renfu Shao, Chao Deng, Jiezhong Chen, Chen Chen
Implications Of Ghrelin And Hexarelin In Diabetes And Diabetes-Associated Heart Diseases, Rasha Mofeed Habeeb Mosa, Zhen Zhang, Renfu Shao, Chao Deng, Jiezhong Chen, Chen Chen
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Ghrelin and its synthetic analog hexarelin are specific ligands of growth hormone secretagogue (GHS) receptor. GHS have strong growth hormone-releasing effect and other neuroendocrine activities such as stimulatory effects on prolactin and adrenocorticotropic hormone secretion. Recently, several studies have reported other beneficial functions of GHS that are independent of GH. Ghrelin and hexarelin, for examples, have been shown to exert GH-independent cardiovascular activity. Hexarelin has been reported to regulate peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPAR-γ) in macrophages and adipocytes. PPAR-γ is an important regulator of adipogenesis, lipid metabolism, and insulin sensitization. Ghrelin also shows protective effects on beta cells against lipotoxicity …
Gender Differences In Cognitive Deficits In Schizophrenia With And Without Diabetes, Bao Hua J. Zhang, Mei Han, Xiang Yang Zhang, Li Hui, Shu Rong Jiang, Fu-De Yang, Yun Long Tan, Zhi-Ren Wang, Juan Li, Xu-Feng Huang
Gender Differences In Cognitive Deficits In Schizophrenia With And Without Diabetes, Bao Hua J. Zhang, Mei Han, Xiang Yang Zhang, Li Hui, Shu Rong Jiang, Fu-De Yang, Yun Long Tan, Zhi-Ren Wang, Juan Li, Xu-Feng Huang
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
This study investigated gender differences in cognition in schizophrenia with and without diabetes. Cognition was assessed in 263 individuals with schizophrenia with age range (40-68): 67 males and 34 females with schizophrenia with diabetes; and 125 males and 37 females with schizophrenia without diabetes according to the repeatable battery for the assessment of neuropsychological status (RBANS). Fasting glucose, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and lipid levels were measured. Results showed that male individuals performed worse on most cognitive tasks, especially attention, in schizophrenia with than without diabetes. This result was not observed in female individuals. Also, individuals of both genders showed higher …
High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Increases The Formation Of Colon Polyps Induced By Azoxymethane In Mice, Jiezhong Chen, Xu-Feng Huang
High Fat Diet-Induced Obesity Increases The Formation Of Colon Polyps Induced By Azoxymethane In Mice, Jiezhong Chen, Xu-Feng Huang
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Background: Obesity has been found to be associated with colon cancer. However, the mechanism of this relationship is unclear and thus a good animal model is required. Our previous research showed that some mice developed diet-induced obesity (DIO) whilst others were diet-resistant (DR) when fed a high-fat diet. Methods: In the present study, we have tested the effects of a high-fat diet on the formation of colon polyps induced by azoxymethane (AOM) in both DIO and DR mice. Results: We found that the DIO mice have developed 2.5 times of polyps compared to the DR mice (P<0.05) and 3.4 times of polyps compared to the low fat fed mice (P<0.05). Although the DR mice tended to have more polyps than the low-fat diet fed mice, this was not statistically significant. The DIO mice could have an increased polyp formation due to obesity-related cancer risk factors and different gene expression from DR mice. Conclusions: DIO mice could be used as an appropriate model for studying obesity-associated colon cancer; however DR mice are not suitable because they don't show any significant weight gains to indicate obesity. Keywords: Obesity-associated colon cancer; high-fat diet; diet-induced obesity (DIO); diet resistant (DR); polyp; animal model
Development And Evaluation Of The Telephone Crisis Support Skills Scale, Taneile Kitchingman, Coralie J. Wilson, Peter Caputi, Alan Woodward, Tara Hunt
Development And Evaluation Of The Telephone Crisis Support Skills Scale, Taneile Kitchingman, Coralie J. Wilson, Peter Caputi, Alan Woodward, Tara Hunt
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Background: Although telephone services continue to play an important role in the delivery of front-line crisis support, published evidence of the standardized assessment of such services does not exist to date. Aims: To describe the development of the Telephone Crisis Support Skills Scale (TCSSS), an instrument to assess workers' intentions to use recommended skills with callers, and to evaluate its factor structure and reliability. Method: TCSSS items were mapped to a national telephone crisis support practice model. A national sample of workers (n = 210) completed the TCSSS as part of a larger online survey. Principal axis factoring was used …
The Role Of Macropinocytosis In The Propagation Of Protein Aggregation Associated With Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rafaa Zeineddine, Justin J. Yerbury
The Role Of Macropinocytosis In The Propagation Of Protein Aggregation Associated With Neurodegenerative Diseases, Rafaa Zeineddine, Justin J. Yerbury
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
With the onset of the rapidly aging population, the impact of age related neurodegenerative diseases is becoming a predominant health and economic concern. Neurodegenerative diseases such as Alzheimer's disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD), Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, frontotemporal dementia (FTD), and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) result from the loss of a specific subsets of neurons, which is closely associated with accumulation and deposition of specific protein aggregates. Protein aggregation, or fibril formation, is a well-studied phenomenon that occurs in a nucleation-dependent growth reaction. Recently, there has been a swell of literature implicating protein aggregation and its ability to propagate cell-to-cell in …
Conotoxin Αd-Gexxa Utilizes A Novel Strategy To Antagonize Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, Shaoqiong Xu, Tianlong Zhang, Shiva N. Kompella, Mengdi Yan, Aiping Lu, Yanfang Wang, Xiaoxia Shao, Chengwu Chi, David J. Adams, Jianping Ding, Chunguang Wang
Conotoxin Αd-Gexxa Utilizes A Novel Strategy To Antagonize Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptors, Shaoqiong Xu, Tianlong Zhang, Shiva N. Kompella, Mengdi Yan, Aiping Lu, Yanfang Wang, Xiaoxia Shao, Chengwu Chi, David J. Adams, Jianping Ding, Chunguang Wang
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChRs) play essential roles in transmitting acetylcholine-mediated neural signals across synapses and neuromuscular junctions, and are also closely linked to various diseases and clinical conditions. Therefore, novel nAChR-specific compounds have great potential for both neuroscience research and clinical applications. Conotoxins, the peptide neurotoxins produced by cone snails, are a rich reservoir of novel ligands that target receptors, ion channels and transporters in the nervous system. From the venom of Conus generalis, we identified a novel dimeric nAChR-inhibiting αD-conotoxin GeXXA. By solving the crystal structure and performing structure-guided dissection of this toxin, we demonstrated that the monomeric C-terminal …
Less Is More: Design Of A Highly Stable Disulfide-Deleted Mutant Of Analgesic Cyclic Α-Conotoxin Vc1.1, Rilei Yu, Victoria A. L Seymour, Géza Berecki, Xinying Jia, Muharrem Akcan, David J. Adams, Quentin Kaas, David J. Craik
Less Is More: Design Of A Highly Stable Disulfide-Deleted Mutant Of Analgesic Cyclic Α-Conotoxin Vc1.1, Rilei Yu, Victoria A. L Seymour, Géza Berecki, Xinying Jia, Muharrem Akcan, David J. Adams, Quentin Kaas, David J. Craik
Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute
Cyclic α-conotoxin Vc1.1 (cVc1.1) is an orally active peptide with analgesic activity in rat models of neuropathic pain. It has two disulfide bonds, which can have three different connectivities, one of which is the native and active form. In this study we used computational modeling and nuclear magnetic resonance to design a disulfide-deleted mutant of cVc1.1, [C2H,C8F]cVc1.1, which has a larger hydrophobic core than cVc1.1 and, potentially, additional surface salt bridge interactions. The new variant, hcVc1.1, has similar structure and serum stability to cVc1.1 and is highly stable at a wide range of pH and temperatures. Remarkably, hcVc1.1 also has …