Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Impact Of Alcoholism In Depression, Anjali Sharma, Pooja Chawla

Research Symposium

Depression is a common mental health condition characterized by lack of passion or enjoyment in activities as well as persistent emotions of sadness and hopelessness. Excessive alcohol consumption is a chronic issue on nationwide and presents a significant public health concern. Consuming alcohol is linked to worse outcomes in terms of how depression develops it happens when the untreated alcoholism intensifies, it leads to depressive states, decreases responsiveness to conventional therapeutics as well as increases the likelihood of suicide, suicide attempts and other self-destructive behavior. Major depressive episodes and excessive alcohol use have long been thought to be related clinically …

Alcoholism And Psychiatric Comorbidity: A Complex Relationship, Aniket Saini, Pooja Chawla

Research Symposium

Alcoholism, also known as alcohol use disorder (AUD), is a chronic and relapsing condition characterized by the excessive and compulsive consumption of alcohol which leads to negative effects on the physical as well as mental health. Heavy drinking associated with alcoholism can coexist with or contribute to several different psychiatric disorders like depression, bipolar disorder, anxiety disorder, antisocial personality disorder, and schizophrenia. In patients with AUD, around 80% of cases suffer from a social anxiety disorder, 27% -40% of cases are diagnosed with major depressive disorder, 19%-26% of young adults suffer from attention-deficient hyperactivity disorder, 21% of patients with AUD …

Texas Youth Depression And Suicide Research Network (Tx-Ydsrn) Research Registry And Learning Healthcare Network: Rationale, Design, And Baseline Characteristics, Madhukar H. Trivedi, Abu Minhajuddin, Holli Slater, Regina Baronia, Joseph C. Blader, Jamon Blood, Ryan Brown, Cynthia Claassen, Melissa Defilippis, Cynthia Garza

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Highlights

• TX-YDSRN will improve understanding of youth with depression and suicidal behaviors.

• TX-YDSRN consists of the UT Southwestern Network Hub and 12 medical school “Nodes”.

• The Research Registry will follow 2500 Texas youth for 2 years.

• This report includes the first 1000 youth enrolled in the Research Registry study.

Abstract

Background

American youth are seriously impacted by depression and suicide. The Texas Youth Depression and Suicide Research Network (TX-YDSRN) Participant Registry Study was initiated in 2020 to develop predictive models for treatment outcomes in youth with depression and/or suicidality. This report presents the study rationale, design and baseline characteristics of …

Sickle Cell Anemia In Hispanic-Americans In South Texas: Two Case Reports, Ashika A. Chacko, Shadi Jafari-Esfahani, Nevin A. Varghese

Research Colloquium

Introduction: Sickle cell anemia and traits are well described in the African-American population. Hispanic Americans are an underappreciated community affected by Sickle cell disease, where it affects about every 1 in 16300 live births compared to 1 in every 365 African-American births.Hence, it is essential to acknowledge the incidence in Latin American origin people to provide competent and specific care to these populations.

Case Description: Case 1: A 28-year-old Latin-American lady with sickle cell anemia, multiple transfusions, and exchange transfusion in the past presented with complaints of lower back and lower extremity pain. The patient got admitted with acute sickle …

Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy Diagnosis And Treatment In High- And Low-Income Countries: A Narrative Review, Ernesto Calderon Martinez, Nancy Y. Ortiz-Garcia, Domenica A. Herrera Hernandez, David Arriaga Escamilla, Diana L. Diaz Mendoza, Diana Othon, Luz M. Ramirez, Jonathan Reyes-Rivera, Jinal Choudhari, George Michel

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) is a hereditary cardiac condition characterized by unexplained left ventricular hypertrophy without a hemodynamic cause. This condition is prevalent in the United States, resulting in various clinical manifestations, including diastolic dysfunction, left ventricular outflow obstruction, cardiac ischemia, and atrial fibrillation. HCM is associated with several genetic mutations, with sarcomeric mutations being the most common and contributing to a more complex disease course. Early diagnosis of HCM is essential for effective management, as late diagnosis often requires invasive treatments and creates a substantial financial burden. Disparities in HCM diagnosis and treatment exist between highincome and low-income countries. High-income …

Autophagy Modulation And Its Implications On Glioblastoma Treatment, Johnny Chen, Andrea Salinas Rodriguez, Maximiliano Arath Morales, Xiaoqian Fang

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Autophagy is a vital cellular process that functions to degrade and recycle damaged organelles into basic metabolites. This allows a cell to adapt to a diverse range of challenging conditions. Autophagy assists in maintaining homeostasis, and it is tightly regulated by the cell. The disruption of autophagy has been associated with many diseases, such as neurodegenerative disorders and cancer. This review will center its discussion on providing an in-depth analysis of the current molecular understanding of autophagy and its relevance to brain tumors. We will delve into the current literature regarding the role of autophagy in glioma pathogenesis by exploring …

Translating Big Data To Clinical Outcomes In Anxiety: Potential For Multimodal Integration, Parmis Khosravi, André Zugman, Paia Amelio, Anderson M. Winkler, Daniel S. Pine

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Purpose of the Review

This review describes approaches to research on anxiety that attempt to link neural correlates to treatment response and novel therapies. The review emphasizes pediatric anxiety disorders since most anxiety disorders begin before adulthood.

Recent Findings

Recent literature illustrates how current treatments for anxiety manifest diverse relations with a range of neural markers. While some studies demonstrate post-treatment normalization of markers in anxious individuals, others find persistence of group differences. For other markers, which show no pretreatment association with anxiety, the markers nevertheless distinguish treatment-responders from non-responders. Heightened error related negativity represents the risk marker discussed in …

A Comprehensive Review Of Neuromuscular Manifestations Of Covid-19 And Management Of Pre-Existing Neuromuscular Disorders In Children, Daniel J. Goetschius, Yunsung Kim, Ashutosh Kumar, Dustin J. Paul, Sunil Naik

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2, several studies have been published describing neuromuscular manifestations of the disease, as well as management of pre-existing pediatric neuromuscular disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic. These disorders include muscular dystrophies, myasthenic syndromes, peripheral nerve disorders, and spinal muscular atrophy. Such patients are a vulnerable population due to frequent complications such as scoliosis, cardiomyopathy, and restrictive lung disease that put them at risk of severe complications of COVID-19. In this review, neuromuscular manifestations of COVID-19 in children and the management of pre-existing pediatric neuromuscular disorders during the COVID-19 pandemic are discussed. We also review strategies to alleviate …

Endovascular Treatment For Acute Stroke Patients With A Pre-Stroke Disability: An International Survey, Sanjana Salwi, Jan A. Niec, Ameer E. Hassan, Christopher J. Lindsel, Pooja Khatri, J. Mocco, Jeffrey L. Saver, Eva A. Mistry

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Background: It is unclear what factors clinicians consider when deciding about endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) in acute ischemic stroke patients with a pre-existing disability. We aimed to explore international practice patterns and preferences for EVT in patients with a pre-stroke disability, defined as a modified Rankin score (mRS) ≥ 2.

Methods: Electronic survey link was sent to principal investigators of five major EVT trials and members of a professional interventional neurology society.

Results: Of the 81 survey-responding clinicians, 57% were neuro-interventionalists and 33% were non-interventional stroke clinicians. Overall, 64.2% would never or almost never consider EVT for a patient …

“Tomorrow Never Dies”: Recent Advances In Diagnosis, Treatment, And Prevention Modalities Against Coronavirus (Covid-19) Amid Controversies, Partha Laskar, Murali M. Yallapu, Subhash C. Chauhan

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

The outbreak of novel coronavirus disease (2019-nCoV or COVID-19) is responsible for severe health emergency throughout the world. The attack of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is found to be responsible for COVID-19. The World Health Organization has declared the ongoing global public health emergency as a pandemic. The whole world fights against this invincible enemy in various capacities to restore economy, lifestyle, and safe life. Enormous amount of scientific research work(s), administrative strategies, and economic measurements are in place to create a successful step against COVID-19. Furthermore, differences in opinion, facts, and implementation methods laid additional layers …

Complex Trauma: Counselors' Self-Efficacy And Treatment, Breeze Valenska Rueda

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this descriptive and exploratory mixed-method study was twofold: to explore counselors’ perceptions and knowledge regarding complex trauma and, assess counselors’ perceptions regarding their level of confidence when working with this population. The study determined what relevant factors were related to counselors’ perceived self-efficacy concerning complex trauma. Although complex trauma is emerging as an important issue, there is limited research regarding counselors’ experiences with complex trauma. The current study explored participants’ perceptions when providing services to individuals with prolonged and cumulative trauma and provided a greater understanding of counselors’ recognition and selfefficacy when working with this population. A …

The Impact Of Drug And Gene Interaction On The Antipsychotic Medication For Schizophrenia, Michelle Cho, Adriana Contreras, Ashley Garza, Samantha Olvera, David Castillo, Gabriel A. De Erausquin, Chun Xu

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Objective: Schizophrenia, a neuropsychiatric disorder, is known to be neurodevelopmentally progressive. Due to the extensive interindividual variability found in the responses of patients, management of schizophrenia has proven to be challenging. This interindividual variability to treatment could be justified by the variation of the enzymes in charge of metabolizing medications, especially those associated with cytochrome P450. Since genetic factors influence the phenotypic responses to drugs, researchers are involved in identifying schizophrenic genetic factors, which could impact responses and severe effects for commonly known neuroleptic drugs known as pharmacogenetics. In order to predict drug response at the personal level, genetic variants …