Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Bioenergetics And Neuroimaging Research: A Neuropathophysiological Linkage In The Setting Of Cocaine Use Amongst Persons With Hiv, Cory J. White, Karl Goodkin

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Despite innovations in antiretroviral therapy (ART) that have transformed HIV infection from an acute illness with high mortality risk into a chronic, largely manageable disease, the viral reservoir that persists in brain continues to pose a risk for neurocognitive impairment and other deleterious clinical outcomes. ART regimens can inhibit viral integration and suppress replication to nondetectable levels in plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) but do not eliminate viral reservoirs, including that in brain ^[1]. Moreover, HIV transcripts within CSF cells have been associated with brain injury despite suppressive ART ^[2]. Comorbid HIV and cocaine use exacerbates brain atrophy …

Curative Effects Of Triphala Extract Against Swim Stress-Induced Gastric Ulcers Via Reduced Ulcer Index, Strengthened Gastric Mucosa And Improved Redox State In Rats, M Khushtar, H H. Siddiqui, R K. Dixit, Sahir Sultan Alvi

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Recently, the percentage of Peptic ulcer disease not linked to either Helicobacter pylori or non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs has increased and signifies the prominent role of psychophysiological stress in the establishment and advancements of gastric ulcers and other peptic ulcer diseases. The current study was intended not only to develop post-treatment swim stress-induced peptic ulcer disease rat model but also to analyze the curative effects of hydro-alcoholic extract of Triphala in swim stress-induced peptic ulcer disease model. A post-treatment swim stress-induced peptic ulcer disease rat model was developed followed by therapeutic intervention of hydro-alcoholic extract of Triphala. The gross evaluation of …

Altered Dna Methylation Of Cyp2e1 Gene In Schizophrenia Patients With Tardive Dyskinesia, Ping Zhang, Yanli Li, Kesheng Wang, Junchao Huang, Brenda Bin Su, Chun Xu, Zhiren Wang, Shuping Tan, Fude Yang, Yunlong Tan

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background

About 20–30% of patients with schizophrenia develop tardive dyskinesia (TD). Oxidative stress is one potential causes of TD. CYP2E1 is considered as an oxidative stress-related gene, however, no study has been reported on the DNA methylation levels of the CYP2E1 in schizophrenia or TD.

Methods

A total of 35 schizophrenia patients with TD, 35 schizophrenia patients without TD (NTD), and 35 health controls (HCs) were collected in Beijing, China. DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples. The promoter methylation levels of CYP2E1 were detected using pyrosequencing. The generalized linear model (GLM) was used to examine the methylation levels of …

Nutrigenetic Reprogramming Of Oxidative Stress, Joseph Ryu, Huzeifa Gulamhusein, Jin Kyun Oh, Joseph H. Chang, Jocelyn Chen, Stephen H. Tsang

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Retinal disorders such as retinitis pigmentosa, age-related retinal degeneration, oxygen-induced retinopathy, and ischemia-reperfusion injury cause debilitating and irreversible vision loss. While the exact mechanisms underlying these conditions remain unclear, there has been a growing body of evidence demonstrating the pathological contributions of oxidative stress across different cell types within the eye. Nuclear factor erythroid-2-related factor (Nrf2), a transcriptional activator of antioxidative genes, and its regulator Kelch-like ECH-associated protein 1 (Keap1) have emerged as promising therapeutic targets. The purpose of this review is to understand the protective role of the Nrf2-Keap1 pathway in different retinal tissues and shed light on the …

The Impact Of Aging On The Lung Alveolar Environment, Predetermining Susceptibility To Respiratory Infections, Jordi B. Torrelles, Blanca I. Restrepo, Yidong Bai, Corinna Ross, Larry S. Schlesinger, Joanne Turner

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Respiratory infections are one of the top causes of death in the elderly population, displaying susceptibility factors with increasing age that are potentially amenable to interventions. We posit that with increasing age there are predictable tissue-specific changes that prevent the immune system from working effectively in the lung. This mini-review highlights recent evidence for altered local tissue environment factors as we age focusing on increased tissue oxidative stress with associated immune cell changes, likely driven by the byproducts of age-associated inflammatory disease. Potential intervention points are presented.

Involvement Of Tgfβ Signaling Pathway In Oxidative Stress And Diabetic Retinopathy, Reanna Rodriguez, Kristine L. Lowe, Megan Keniry, Andrew Tsin

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Diabetic Retinopathy (DR) is a leading cause of blindness in the U.S. However, not much is known of underlying molecular mechanism and how oxidative stress contributes to its development. In the present study, we investigated the involvement of TGFβ signaling pathway on the effect of oxidative stress on VEGF secretion and viability of retinal cells. VEGF is the hallmark that exacerbates DR progression in prolonged diabetes. Some major concerns that have arisen are the underlying effects of antioxidants in elevating VEGF secretion in diabetes. In this study, we evaluated how hypoxia (or low oxygen) impacts viability and VEGF secretion using …

Plant-Derived Natural Biomolecule Picein Attenuates Menadione Induced Oxidative Stress On Neuroblastoma Cell Mitochondria, Kavindra Kumar Kesari, Anupam Dhasmana, Shruti Shandilya, Neeraj Prabhakar, Ahmed Shaukat, Jinze Dou, Jessica M. Rosenholm, Tapani Vuorinen, Janne Ruokolainen

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Several bioactive compounds are in use for the treatment of neurodegenerative disorders, such as Alzheimer’s and Parkinson’s disease. Historically, willow (salix sp.) bark has been an important source of salisylic acid and other natural compounds with anti-inflammatory, antipyretic and analgesic properties. Among these, picein isolated from hot water extract of willow bark, has been found to act as a natural secondary metabolite antioxidant. The aim of this study was to investigate the unrevealed pharmacological action of picein. In silico studies were utilized to direct the investigation towards the neuroprotection abilities of picein. Our in vitro studies demonstrate the neuroprotective properties …

Extracellular Vesicles From Human Papilloma Virus-Infected Cervical Cancer Cells Enhance Hiv-1 Replication In Differentiated U1 Cell Line, Sabina Ranjit, Sunitha Kodidela, Namita Sinha, Subhash C. Chauhan, Santosh Kumar

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

In the current study, we hypothesized that extracellular vesicles (EVs) secreted from human papilloma virus (HPV)-infected cervical cancer cells exacerbate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 replication in differentiated U1 cell line through an oxidative stress pathway. To test the hypothesis, we treated an HIV-1-infected macrophage cell line (U1) with HPV-infected Caski cell culture supernatant (CCS). We observed a significant increase in HIV-1 replication, which was associated with an increase in the expression of cytochrome P450 (CYPs 1A1 and 2A6) in the CCS-treated U1 cells. Furthermore, we isolated EVs from CCS (CCS-EVs), which showed the presence of CYPs (1A1, 2A6), superoxide dismutase …

Obese Mice Exposed To Psychosocial Stress Display Cardiac And Hippocampal Dysfunction Associated With Local Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor Depletion, Jacopo Agrimi, Cristina Spalletti, Carlotta Baroni, Gizem Keceli, Guangshuo Zhu, Angela Caragnano, Marco Matteucci, Stephen Chelko, Genaro A. Ramirez-Correa

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Introduction: Obesity and psychosocial stress (PS) co-exist in individuals of Western society. Nevertheless, how PS impacts cardiac and hippocampal phenotype in obese subjects is still unknown. Nor is it clear whether changes in local brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) account, at least in part, for myocardial and behavioral abnormalities in obese experiencing PS.

Methods: In adult male WT mice, obesity was induced via a high-fat diet (HFD). The resident-intruder paradigm was superimposed to trigger PS. In vivo left ventricular (LV) performance was evaluated by echocardiography and pressure-volume loops. Behaviour was indagated by elevated plus maze (EPM) and Y-maze. LV myocardium was …

Interphotoreceptor Retinoid-Binding Protein Implications In Diabetic Retinopathy, Kevin Bermea

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

The interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein (IRBP) is the most abundant protein in the interphotoreceptor matrix (IPM) and its levels decrease beginning in the early stages of diabetes. IRBP participates in the delivery of retinoids between retinal cells to carry out the visual cycle and also protects those retinoids against degradation in the IPM. IRBP deficiency is related to several conditions such as retinitis pigmentosa, cone-rod dystrophy, increased oxidative stress in the photoreceptors, and myopia. Decreased IRBP levels in diabetes could be due to the secretion of inflammatory cytokines and a direct effect of hyperglycemia on the photoreceptors. It is known that …

Acute Maternal Oxidant Exposure Causes Susceptibility Of The Fetal Brain To Inflammation And Oxidative Stress, Feroz Akhtar, Christopher A. Rouse, Gabriel Catano, Marcus Montalvo, Sarah L. Ullevig, Reto Asmis, Kusum Kharbanda, Shivani K. Maffi

School of Medicine Publications and Presentations

Background

Maternal exposure to environmental stressors poses a risk to fetal development. Oxidative stress (OS), microglia activation, and inflammation are three tightly linked mechanisms that emerge as a causal factor of neurodevelopmental anomalies associated with prenatal ethanol exposure. Antioxidants such as glutathione (GSH) and CuZnSOD are perturbed, and their manipulation provides evidence for neuroprotection. However, the cellular and molecular effects of GSH alteration in utero on fetal microglia activation and inflammation remain elusive.

Methods

Ethanol (EtOH) (2.5 g/kg) was administered to pregnant mice at gestational days 16–17. One hour prior to ethanol treatment, N-acetylcysteine (NAC) and L-buthionine sulfoximine (BSO) …

Role Of Mrp Transporters In Regulating Antimicrobial Drug Inefficacy And Oxidative Stress-Induced Pathogenesis During Hiv-1 And Tb Infections, Upal Roy, Paul Barber, Yuk-Ching Tse-Dinh, Elena V. Batrakova, Debasis Mondal, Madhavan Nair

Health & Biomedical Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Multi-Drug Resistance Proteins (MRPs) are members of the ATP binding cassette (ABC) drug-efflux transporter superfamily. MRPs are known to regulate the efficacy of a broad range of anti-retroviral drugs (ARV) used in highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) and antibacterial agents used in Tuberculus Bacilli (TB) therapy. Due to their role in efflux of glutathione (GSH) conjugated drugs, MRPs can also regulate cellular oxidative stress, which may contribute to both HIV and/or TB pathogenesis. This review focuses on the characteristics, functional expression, and modulation of known members of the MRP family in HIV infected cells exposed to ARV drugs and discusses …