Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Treatment Outcomes From The Tdc: A Look At Smoking Cessation Among Patients With Co-Occurring Disorders, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Summary of Key Findings •Smoking abstinence at end of program:

–Intent to treat analysis: 32.2%(83/258) –Among program completers: 41.3%(83/201)

•Significant predictors of abstinence : –Having an alcohol, heroin (or other opioid) or marijuana use history was a significant predictor of being less likely to quit smoking when compared to having no history of substance use disorder. –Having a lower CO level at program enrolment was a significant predictor of being more likely to quit –Attending the TDC program for a longer duration was a significant predictor of being more likely to quit.

Gender-Specific Profiles Of Tobacco Use Among Non-Institutionalized People With Serious Mental Illness, Joy L. Johnson, Pamela A. Ratner, Leslie A. Malchy, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Ric M. Procyshyn, Joan L. Bottorff, Marlee Groening, Annette Schultz, Marg Osborne

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Background: In many countries, smoking remains the leading preventable cause of death. In North America, reductions in population smoking levels are stabilising and, in recent years, those involved in tobacco control programming have turned their attention to particular segments of society that are at greatest risk for tobacco use. One such group is people with mental illness. A picture of tobacco use patterns among those with mental illness is beginning to emerge; however, there are several unanswered questions. In particular, most studies have been limited to particular in-patient groups. In addition, while it is recognised that men and women differ …

The Us Preventive Service Taskforce And The Guide To Clinical Preventive Services., F. Douglas Scutchfield Md

F. Douglas Scutchfield MD

No abstract provided.

Update On The Management Of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Andrea K. Maas, David M. Mannino

David M. Mannino

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a highly prevalent, underdiagnosed, and undertreated chronic lung disease. Early and appropriate treatment may help modify the course of the disease with respect to exacerbation timing and frequency, quality of life, and mortality. Steady progress continues to be made in understanding the disease pathogenesis and treatment modalities, and there is some evidence that outcomes are improving.

Community Health Assesments, F. Douglas Scutchfield Md

F. Douglas Scutchfield MD

No abstract provided.

Public Health Services And Systems Research: Data For Research, F. Douglas Scutchfield Md

F. Douglas Scutchfield MD

No abstract provided.

Searching For Copd: Are Questionnaires The Answer?, David M. Mannino

David M. Mannino

Comment on

COPD screening in general practice using a telephone questionnaire. [COPD. 2010]

Get full access at http://informahealthcare.com/doi/abs/10.3109/15412555.2010.512510

Smoking Cessation Outcomes Among Individuals With Co-Occurring Substance Use Disorder History And Mental Illness, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

BACKGROUND: A history of substance use disorder and/or mental illness is associated with tobacco use. However, there is limited information available on tobacco dependence treatment outcomes in such populations. OBJECTIVES: To examine the effects of a history of substance use disorder and/or mental illness on smoking cessation outcomes. METHODS: Data from 202 participants enrolled in a tobacco treatment program were analyzed. Information on sociodemographics, tobacco use and quit attempt history, social supports for quitting, Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence scores, importance and confidence in quitting smoking, expired carbon monoxide level, substance use history, mental health history, and previous pharmacotherapy use …

Intensive Treatment Of Tobacco Dependence In An Out - Patient Addictions Services Setting, Milan Khara, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

BACKGROUND

• Drug treatment populations are disproportionately affected by morbidity and mortality attributable to tobacco use. However, with appropriately intensive intervention, individuals in drug treatment settings can succeed in their efforts towards smoking cessation.

• The Tobacco Dependence Clinic (TDC) is a program that provides smoking cessation counseling and up to 26 weeks of free pharmacotherapy for clients through Vancouver Coastal Health Addiction Services, British Columbia, Canada.

• The purpose of this study is to provide evaluation data (in terms of program completion and smoking cessation outcomes) from the TDC.

Exposure To Indoor Biomass Fuel Pollutants And Asthma Prevalence In Southeastern Kentucky: Results From The Burden Of Lung Disease (Bold) Study, Anna C. Barry, David M. Mannino, Claudia Hopenhayn, Heather Bush

David M. Mannino

BACKGROUND:

Asthma is a chronic inflammatory respiratory disease, characterized by episodic and reversible airflow obstruction and airway hyperresponsiveness and is influenced by both genetic and environmental factors.

METHODS:

The Burden of Obstructive Lung Disease (BOLD) survey was used to determine the prevalence of self-reported asthma in a target population of 325,000 adults aged > or =40 in Southeastern Kentucky. Postbronchodilator spirometry was used to classify subjects based on lung function. Risk factors for asthma in this population, in particular indoor usage of biomass fuels, were evaluated.

RESULTS:

The overall study population was comprised of 508 individuals, with 15.5% reporting current asthma …

Young Women’S Responses To Smoking And Breast Cancer Risk Information, Joan L. Bottorff, Stephanie Barclay Mckeown, Joanne Carey, Rebecca Haines, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli, Kenneth C. Johnson, Julie Easley, Roberta Ferrence, Lynne Baillie, Erin Ptolemy

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Current evidence confirms that young women who smoke or who have regular long-term exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) have an increased risk of developing premenopausal breast cancer. The aim of this research was to examine the responses of young women to health information about the links between active smoking and SHS exposure and breast cancer and obtain their advice about messaging approaches. Data were collected in focus groups with 46 women, divided in three age cohorts: 15–17, 18–19 and 20–24 and organized according to smoking status (smoking, non-smoking and mixed smoking status groups). The discussion questions were preceded by information …

Smoking Cessation In Patients With Substance Use Disorders: The Vancouver Coastal Health Tobacco Dependence Clinic, Milan Khara, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Summary of Key Findings •Smoking abstinence at end of program:

–Intent to treat analysis: 32.2%(83/258) –Among program completers: 41.3%(83/201)

•Significant predictors of abstinence : –Having an alcohol, heroin (or other opioid) or marijuana use history was a significant predictor of being less likely to quit smoking when compared to having no history of substance use disorder. –Having a lower CO level at program enrolment was a significant predictor of being more likely to quit –Attending the TDC program for a longer duration was a significant predictor of being more likely to quit.

Recent Trends In Exposure To Secondhand Smoke In The United States Population, Chieh-I Chen, Tanya Burton, Christine L. Baker, Vera Mastey, David M. Mannino

David M. Mannino

Background Previous research using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data documented a significant downward trend in secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure between 1988 and 2002. The objective of this study was to assess whether the downward trend in exposure continued from 2001 through 2006.

Methods We analyzed data from the 2001-2006 NHANES to estimate exposure of nonsmokers to SHS. Geometric means of serum cotinine levels for all nonsmokers were computed.

Results Overall serum cotinine levels (95% Confidence Intervals) in 2001-2002, 2003-2004, and 2005-2006 were 0.06 ng/mL (0.05-0.07), 0.07 ng/mL (0.06-0.09), and 0.05 ng/mL (0.05-0.06), respectively. Subgroup analysis by …

Development Of The Lung Function Questionnaire (Lfq) To Identify Airflow Obstruction, Barbara P. Yawn, Douglas W. Mapel, David M. Mannino, Fernando J. Martinez, James F. Donohue, Nicola A. Hanania, Mark Kosinski, Regina Rendas-Baum, Matthew Mintz, Steven Samuels, Anand A. Dalal

David M. Mannino

Objective:

To describe the item-selection and item-reduction for the Lung Function Questionnaire (LFQ), being developed to help clinicians identify patients appropriate for diagnostic evaluation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using spirometry.

Methods:

Item selection and reduction were based on information from 387 ≥40-year-old respondents to the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who had self-reported chronic bronchitis. Item reduction involved stepwise logistic regression. The accuracy of the final subset of items for identifying individuals with airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity <0.70) versus those without it was assessed with receiver operating characteristic analysis. Content and face validity were assessed using focus groups of primary care physicians (n = 16) and interviews with COPD patients (n = 16).

Results:

The model with all five items (age; smoking history; the presence of …

Preventing Copd: Evidence Of Progress, David M. Mannino

David M. Mannino

Comment on

Trends in hospitalization with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease-United States, 1990-2005. [COPD. 2010]

Trends in mortality from COPD in selected U.S. States differing in tobacco control efforts. [COPD. 2010]

Health-Related Quality Of Life And Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease In North Carolina, David W. Brown, Roy Pleasants, Jill A. Ohar, Monica Kraft, James F. Donohue, David M. Mannino, Winston Liao, Harry Herric

David M. Mannino

Background:

Comparisons of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) between persons with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and adults in the general population are not well described.

Aims:

To examine associations between COPD and four measures of HRQOL in a population-based sample.

Patients & Methods:

These relationships were examined using data from 13,887 adults aged >18 years who participated in the 2007 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) conducted in North Carolina (NC). Logistic regression was used to obtain adjusted relative odds (aOR).

Results:

The age-adjusted prevalence of COPD among NC adults was 5.4% (standard error 0.27). Nearly half of adults …

Activation Of Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptor G In Brain Inhibits Inflammatory Pain, Dorsal Horn Expression Of Fos, And Local Edema, Jenny Morgenweck, Omar D. Abdel-Aleem, Katelyn C. Mcnamara, Renee R. Donahue, M Z. Badr, Bradley K. Taylor

Renee R. Donahue

Systemic administration of thiazolidinediones reduces peripheral inflammation in vivo, presumablybyacting at peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g (PPARg) in peripheral tissues. Based on a rapidly growing body of literature indicating the CNS as a functional target of PPARg actions, we postulated that brain PPARg modulates peripheral edema and the processing of inflammatory pain signals in the dorsal horn of the spinal cord. To test this in the plantar carrageenan model of inflammatory pain, we measured paw edema, heat hyperalgesia, and dorsal horn expression of the immediate-early gene c-fos after intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration of PPARg ligands or vehicle. We found that ICV rosiglitazone …

Intensive Tobacco Dependence Treatment For Clients With Substance Use Disorder And/Or Mental Illness, Milan Khara, Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

Chizimuzo T.C. Okoli

BACKGROUND •Drug treatment populations are disproportionately affected by morbidity and mortality due to tobacco use. However, with appropriately intensive intervention, individuals in drug treatment settings can succeed in their efforts towards smoking cessation. •The Tobacco Dependence Clinic (TDC) is a program that provides smoking cessation counseling and up to 26 weeks of free pharmacotherapy for clients through Vancouver Coastal Health Addiction Services , British Columbia, Canada. There are currently three clinic sites: Pacific Spirit, Three Bridges, and Downtown Community Health Centre (DCHC). •The purpose of this study is to provide 2-year pilot evaluation data (in terms of program completion and …

Balamuthia Mandrillaris Meningoencephalitis: Survival In A Pediatric Patient, Curtis Cary Md, Erich C. Maul Do, Mph

Erich C. Maul DO MPH

No abstract provided.

50 Years For The Uk College Of Medicine, F. Douglas Scutchfield Md

F. Douglas Scutchfield MD

No abstract provided.