Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Acceptability Of Active Case Finding With A Seed-And-Recruit Model To Improve Tuberculosis Case Detection And Linkage To Treatment In Cambodia: A Qualitative Study, Sovannary Tuot, Alvin K. J. Teo, Danielle Cazabon, Say Sok, Mengieng Ung, Sangky Ly, Sok Chamreun Choub, Siyan Yi

Background

With support of the national tuberculosis (TB) program, KHANA (a local non-governmental organization in Cambodia) has implemented an innovative approach using a seed-and-recruit model to actively find TB cases in the community. The model engaged community members including TB survivors as seed and newly diagnosed people with TB as recruiters to recruit presumptive TB cases in their social network in a snowball approach for screening and linkage to treatment. This study aimed to explore the acceptability of the active case finding with the seed-and-recruit model in detecting new TB cases and determine the characteristics of successful seeds.

Methods

This …

Applying The Phenotype Approach For Rosacea To Practice And Research, J Tan, M Berg, R L Gallo, James Q. Del Rosso

College of Osteopathic Medicine (TUN) Publications and Research

BACKGROUND: Rosacea diagnosis and classification have evolved since the 2002 National Rosacea Society expert panel subtype approach. Several working groups are now aligned to a more patient-centric phenotype approach, based on an individual's presenting signs and symptoms. However, subtyping is still commonplace across the field and an integrated strategy is required to ensure widespread progression to the phenotype approach.

OBJECTIVES: To provide practical recommendations that facilitate adoption of a phenotype approach across the rosacea field.

METHODS: A review of the literature and consolidation of rosacea expert experience.

RESULTS: We identify challenges to implementing a phenotype approach in rosacea and offer …

Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine Neurotoxicity: In Vivo Validation Of In Vitro Screen To Identify Potential Countermeasures, Marcela Laukova, Sundas Pervez, Fatim Sannoh, Jana Veliskova, Libor Velisek, Michael Shakarjian

NYMC Faculty Posters

Tetramethylenedisulfotetramine (TMDT), a synthetic neurotoxin, induces a seizure syndrome by blocking Cl- influx through the GABAA channel. This process leads to uncontrolled depolarization followed by excessive Ca2+ entry into neurons and potential excitotoxicity. No standardized, effective treatment for TMDT poisoning currently exists. Primary neuronal cultures were used to screen candidate countermeasures for alleviation of TMDT-provoked hyperexcitability by monitoring changes in intracellular Ca2+ levels ([Ca2+]i). Agents antagonizing NMDA or β-adrenergic receptors reversed TMDT-induced increases in [Ca2+]i and displayed the best counteracting potential. We have commenced testing these in vitro leads in vivo. Adult male mice were injected with 0.25 mg/kg TMDT …

Risk Factors Associated With Poor Health Outcomes For Children Under The Age Of 5 With Moderate Acute Malnutrition In Rural Fagita Lekoma District, Awi Zone, Amhara, Ethiopia, 2016, W/Amilak Adamu, Dube Jara, Mulunesh Alemayehu, Sahai Burrowes

Background: Left untreated, moderate acute malnutrition (MAM) in children can lead to severe acute malnutrition, stunting, developmental delays, and death. Despite recent progress the prevalence of malnutrition remains high throughout Ethiopia. The ability to make accurate prognoses and develop effective treatment strategies for children with MAM is currently limited and, as result, a significant proportion of children with MAM fail to recover even with treatment. We seek to address this limitation by assessing the risk factors for poor outcomes among children under the age of 5 with MAM in a rural area of Ethiopia’s Amhara Region. This region is …

Is Gene Therapy A Viable Option For Cancer Treatment?, Aliza Applebaum

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

The use of gene therapy as a medical treatment option was first introduced to the world in 1990, when a four-year-old girl became its first patient. Since then gene therapy has met great success but also severe drawback. Incidences with severely negative outcomes on patients gave gene therapy a bad name and many began skeptical towards its use, but the constant work and progress on the safety and effectiveness of gene therapy is making it a more viable route of treatment. This paper focuses on gene therapy as a form of cancer treatment. Viral insertion of the modified genetic material …

Most Efficient Methods To Treat Breast Cancer, Esther Ehrman

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Breast cancer is rampant in today’s world. Because there are many different cases and so many different ways to classify breast cancer, a multidisciplinary approach must be taken. Many patients undergo breast conserving surgery which creates a need for the eradication of any remaining tumor residue through radiation. Fifty Gy of radiation should be applied to the breast with an additional 16 Gy as a boost. If a mastectomy is performed to remove a large tumor and 4 or more positive lymph nodes were present, radiation should be applied as well. If the tumor expresses HER2 protein, Trastuzumab should be …

Treatment Options For Skin And Soft Tissue Infections Caused By Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus, Renee Weinberg

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Staphylococcus aureus is a pathogen responsible for common skin infections, such as impetigo, cellulitis, folliculitis, and abscess and it is the most common cause for skin and soft tissue infections (SSTI). Humans are carriers of this microorganism and are responsible for facilitating its spread around the world. Over time it has developed resistance to multiple antibiotics, such as penicillin and methicillin, which has made S. aureus a persistent problem in the healthcare world today. Its methicillin resistance has given it the more commonly known name methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA). MRSA was initially discovered solely in the healthcare environment and thus …

Marijuana Compounds: A Nonconventional Approach To Parkinson’S Disease Therapy, Mariana Babayeva, Haregewein Assefa, Paramita Basu, Sanjeda Chumki, Zvi G. Loewy

Touro College of Pharmacy (New York) Publications and Research

Parkinson’s disease (PD), a neurodegenerative disorder, is the second most common neurological illness in United States. Neurologically, it is characterized by the selective degeneration of a unique population of cells, the nigrostriatal dopamine neurons. The current treatment is symptomatic and mainly involves replacement of dopamine deficiency.This therapy improves only motor symptoms of Parkinson’s disease and is associated with a number of adverse effects including dyskinesia. Therefore, there is unmet need for more comprehensive approach in the management of PD. Cannabis and related compounds have created significant research interest as a promising therapy in neurodegenerative and movement disorders. In this review …

Assessment Of Three Acute Responses To Traumatic Brain Injury, Shoshana Fireworker

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Traumatic brain injury has a devastating effect on millions worldwide each year. As yet, there are no methods which have been proven to improve recovery from the trauma. Current treatment protocols revolve around reducing secondary insult, such as hypoxia, hypotension, and cerebral edema, which raises intracranial pressure. The purpose of this study is to assess the efficacy of three responses to traumatic brain injury. Two of them, the administration of hypertonic saline and the administration of progesterone, are pharmacologic, while the third, the performance of a decompressive craniectomy, is surgically invasive. A number of original studies have been analyzed to …

Which Methods Of Treating Attention Deficit Hyperactive Disorder Are Most Effective And Most Closely Match Patient Lifestyle?, Yehudit Erlbaum

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

ADHD, attention deficit hyperactive disorder, is a disorder characterized by hyperactivity, inattentiveness, inability to remain on task, fidgetiness, and impulsivity. An over absorption of dopamine by the dopamine transporters leads to a lack of dopamine, the inhibiting neurotransmitter in the brain, resulting in the inability for the individual to inhibit their impulses. The disease is most likely seen in children but may continue into adulthood. The length of the disease across the individual’s life span, results in expensive treatment, whether it be medication or Cognitive Behavior Therapy, CBT. Therefore, these medical costs have caused researchers to find the most efficient …

Treating The Cognitive And Social Dysfunctions Related To Type 2 Diabetes, Joseph Indelicato

The School of Health Sciences Publications and Research

While much has been written about the effects of diabetes on cardiovascular functioning, less attention has been paid upon the role of diabetes on cognitive functioning. While researchers are still debating the pathophysiology of the cognitive dysfunction triggered by diabetes, including the possibility that Alzheimer’s being Type III diabetes, among other possibilities. Less research has targeted addressing these problems among those with diabetes. Social problems associated with having cognitive dysfunctions in diabetics, have received very little attention. Social activities are perhaps the most difficult and complicated behaviors humans engage in, Even the concept of measurable Social Intelligence comes relatively new …

The Role Of Ghrelin And Leptin In Obesity: Is Exogenous Administration Of These Hormones A Possible Drug Therapy?, Peri Eckstein

The Science Journal of the Lander College of Arts and Sciences

Ghrelin and leptin are two hormones that have been recognized to have a major influence on energy balance. Leptin is a mediator of long term regulation of energy balance, suppressing food intake and thereby inducing weight loss. Ghrelin, on the other hand, is a fast acting hormone, playing a role in meal initiation. As a growing number of people suffer from obesity, understanding the mechanisms by which various hormones and neurotransmitters influence energy balance has been a subject of intense research. This paper provides background on leptin and ghrelin hormones, their role in food intake and body weight in humans, …