Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Structure Of The Atp Synthase Catalytic Complex (F(1)) From Escherichia Coli In An Autoinhibited Conformation., Gino Cingolani, Thomas M Duncan

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

ATP synthase is a membrane-bound rotary motor enzyme that is critical for cellular energy metabolism in all kingdoms of life. Despite conservation of its basic structure and function, autoinhibition by one of its rotary stalk subunits occurs in bacteria and chloroplasts but not in mitochondria. The crystal structure of the ATP synthase catalytic complex (F(1)) from Escherichia coli described here reveals the structural basis for this inhibition. The C-terminal domain of subunit ɛ adopts a heretofore unknown, highly extended conformation that inserts deeply into the central cavity of the enzyme and engages both rotor and stator subunits in extensive contacts …

Three Dimensional Projection Environment For Molecular Design And Surgical Simulation, Matthew Wampole, Eric Wickstrom, Chang-Po Chen, Devakumar Devadhas, Yuan-Yuan Jin, Jeffrey M. Sanders, John C. Kairys, Martha L. Ankeny, Rui Hu, Kenneth E. Barner, Karl V. Steiner, Mathew L. Thakur

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Poster presented at "Medicine Meets Virtual Reality" conference February 8-12, 2011 in Newport Beach, California.

Conclusions:

Turning 2D CT/PET slices into 3D objects assists in understanding the topology surrounding tumor masses. Incorporating the visual and physical characteristics of a patient’s anatomy will provide surgeons with an informative pre-operative tool to plan and practice the operation before the first incision. Including haptic feedback provides a familiar 'feel' to surgeons as they palpate the target organ, trying to locate the tumor and determine how large a margin of resection will be needed. The development of genetic PET imaging and contrast CT into …

Protein Modification By Arginylation, Hideko Kaji, Akira Kaji

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

The modification of protein by arginine catalyzed by arginyltransferases (ATE1) described by the Kashina group in this issue shows that arginylation of protein occurs widely in biology and is being recognized as a key regulatory reaction such as phosphorylation of proteins (Wang et al., 2011).

Mitochondrial Genome Sequence Analysis: A Custom Bioinformatics Pipeline Substantially Improves Affymetrix Mitochip V2.0 Call Rate And Accuracy., Hongbo M Xie, Juan C Perin, Theodore G Schurr, Matthew C Dulik, Sergey I Zhadanov, Joseph A Baur, Michael P King, Emily Place, Colleen Clarke, Michael Grauer, Jonathan Schug, Avni Santani, Anthony Albano, Cecilia Kim, Vincent Procaccio, Hakon Hakonarson, Xiaowu Gai, Marni J Falk

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Mitochondrial genome sequence analysis is critical to the diagnostic evaluation of mitochondrial disease. Existing methodologies differ widely in throughput, complexity, cost efficiency, and sensitivity of heteroplasmy detection. Affymetrix MitoChip v2.0, which uses a sequencing-by-genotyping technology, allows potentially accurate and high-throughput sequencing of the entire human mitochondrial genome to be completed in a cost-effective fashion. However, the relatively low call rate achieved using existing software tools has limited the wide adoption of this platform for either clinical or research applications. Here, we report the design and development of a custom bioinformatics software pipeline that achieves a much improved call rate …

Potential For Interdependent Development Of Trna Determinants For Aminoacylation And Ribosome Decoding., Cuiping Liu, Howard Gamper, Hanqing Liu, Barry S Cooperman, Ya-Ming Hou

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Faculty Papers

Although the nucleotides in tRNA required for aminoacylation are conserved in evolution, bacterial aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases are unable to acylate eukaryotic tRNA. The cross-species barrier may be due to the absence of eukaryote-specific domains from bacterial aminoacyl-transfer RNA synthetases. Here we show that whereas Escherichia coli CysRS cannot acylate human tRNA(Cys), the fusion of a eukaryote-specific domain of human CysRS overcomes the cross-species barrier in human tRNA(Cys). In addition to enabling recognition of the sequence differences in the tertiary core of tRNA(Cys), the fused eukaryotic domain redirects the specificity of E. coli CysRS from the A37 present in bacterial tRNA(Cys) …