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Anaemia In Pregnancy: Occurrence In Two Economically Different Clinic Populations Of Karachi, Saadiya Aziz Karim, Mohammad Khurshid, Javed H. Rizvi

Mohammad Khurshid

According to previous WHO standards, anaemia in pregnancy denoted a haemoglobin level of 11.0 gms/dl or less, but this is now considered to be variable1 as it differs from country to country depending on local reference ranges and socio-economic conditions. Each country should “lay down minimal acceptable standards” below which an individual is considered to be anaemic, taking into account the available fmancial and manpower resources and other health needs of the country2. There is a wide divergence in the quoted prevalence of anaemia in Pakistan and neigh­bouring countries.3-6 This study was undertaken to determine a range of haemoglobin levels …

Associations Of Perfluoroalkyl Substances (Pfass) With Lower Birth Weight: An Evaluation Of Potential Confounding By Glomerular Filtration Rate Using A Physiologically Based Pharmacokinetic Model (Pbpk), Marc-André Verner, Anne E. Loccisano, Nils-Halvdan Morken, Miyoung Yoon, Huali Wu, Robin Mcdougall, Mildred Maisonet, Michele Marcus, Reiko Kishi, Chihiro Miyashita, Mei-Huei Chen, Wu-Shiun Hsieh, Melvin E. Andersen, Harvey J. Clewell Iii, Matthew P. Longnecker

Mildred Maisonet

Background: Prenatal exposure to perfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS) has been associated with lower birth weight in epidemiologic studies. This association could be attributable to glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which is related to PFAS concentration and birth weight.

Objectives: We used a physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of pregnancy to assess how much of the PFAS–birth weight association observed in epidemiologic studies might be attributable to GFR.

Methods: We modified a PBPK model to reflect the association of GFR with birth weight (estimated from three studies of GFR and birth weight) and used it to simulate PFAS concentrations in maternal and cord …