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Articles 1 - 19 of 19
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Pathological Role Of Acrolein In Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis And Multiple Sclerosis, Melissa A. Tully
The Pathological Role Of Acrolein In Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis And Multiple Sclerosis, Melissa A. Tully
Open Access Dissertations
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune demyelinating neuropathy that affects nearly 2.5 million people worldwide. Despite substantial efforts, few treatments are currently available largely due to limited knowledge of pathogenic mechanisms underlying the disease. The immune-inflammatory nature of the pathology has prompted investigation of the role of oxidative stress in disease development and progression; however targeting reactive oxygen species for neutralization has had marginal success therapeutically, suggesting that an alternate oxidative stress-related target would prove beneficial. Recently, our lab has implicated acrolein, a highly reactive aldehyde that is both a byproduct and catalyst of lipid peroxidation, as a potential therapeutic …
A Novel In Vivo Tumor Oxygen Profiling Assay: Combining Functional And Molecular Imaging With Multivariate Mathematical Modeling, Chung-Wein Lee
A Novel In Vivo Tumor Oxygen Profiling Assay: Combining Functional And Molecular Imaging With Multivariate Mathematical Modeling, Chung-Wein Lee
Open Access Dissertations
Purpose: The objective of this study is to develop and test a novel high spatio-temporal in vivo assay to quantify tumor oxygenation and hypoxia. The assay implements a biophysical model of oxygen transport to fuse parameters acquired from in vivo functional and molecular imaging modalities. ^ Introduction: Tumor hypoxia plays an important role in carcinogenesis. It triggers pathological angiogenesis to supply more oxygen to the tumor cells and promotes cancer cell metastasis. Preclinical and clinical evidence show that anti-angiogenic treatment is capable of normalizing the tumor vasculature both structurally and functionally. The resulting normalized vasculature provides a more efficient and …
Information Seeking And Concern For Mental Well-Being, Cynthia K. Lindley
Information Seeking And Concern For Mental Well-Being, Cynthia K. Lindley
Open Access Theses
Mental health concerns among college students are quite prevalent, but the help-seeking practices of this population are hindered by a variety of barriers. Help-seeking for mental health concerns in its earliest (and most common) form is ultimately information-seeking, which has been identified as a process with specific predictors that has the potential to lend structure to the myriad help-seeking barriers and facilitators. In an effort to apply and extend the Theory of Motivated Information Management (TMIM; Afifi & Weiner, 2004), the current study asked college students experiencing concerns for their mental well-being to report details of their circumstances. The results …
Attitudes Toward A Cancer Coalition: Implications For Coalition Health Communication, Chervin Lam Shih Kian
Attitudes Toward A Cancer Coalition: Implications For Coalition Health Communication, Chervin Lam Shih Kian
Open Access Theses
A cancer coalition is a communication hub for cancer patients that may help address cancer by promoting health and mitigating health issues. Attitudes toward a cancer coalition may be important in determining whether or not patients participate or utilize a coalition. However, little is known about the attitudes of cancer patients toward a cancer coalition, its services, and toward participation. This study addresses this gap by investigating these attitudes. The results encourage the development of a cancer coalition in states that do not yet have a coalition. Effective coalition health communication was found to be a pivotal service that cancer …
Understanding Representations Of Impulsivity In Dimensional Models Of Personality Pathology, Sarah Ann Griffin
Understanding Representations Of Impulsivity In Dimensional Models Of Personality Pathology, Sarah Ann Griffin
Open Access Theses
Impulsivity is an individual difference that impacts many aspects of an individual's functioning; however, there as of yet has been no consensus on a single definition of impulsivity across the various fields that study it and its related outcomes. In fact, research at this point predominantly supports the idea that "impulsivity" is actually a multi-faceted construct comprised of multiple lower-order traits, but there is little agreement on what those lower-order facets should be. The purpose of the present study was to investigate the conceptualization of complex trait impulsivity within two new omnibus measures of maladaptive personality in terms of both …
The Impact Of Care Coordination On Community Pharmacist-Delivered Medication Therapy Management, Stephanie A. Gernant
The Impact Of Care Coordination On Community Pharmacist-Delivered Medication Therapy Management, Stephanie A. Gernant
Open Access Theses
Background: Care coordination is imperative to successful patient outcomes. However, community pharmacists are commonly excluded from health information exchange during care coordination. One of the ways pharmacists deliver care, through medication therapy management (MTM), could be optimized if pharmacists engaged in care coordination through review of unedited patient medical records in preparation for a section of the MTM, the comprehensive medication review (CMR).^ Methods: This was a non-blinded randomized controlled trial undertaken within the Medication Safety Research network of Indiana, also known as RxSafeNet. RxSafeNet is a community pharmacy practice based research network. Pharmacists were randomized to deliver CMR’s to …
Physical Actvity In Pregnant Rat Dams Reduces Mammary Tumor Formation In Offspring, Leon Clah
Physical Actvity In Pregnant Rat Dams Reduces Mammary Tumor Formation In Offspring, Leon Clah
Open Access Theses
Breast cancer is the most frequently diagnosed cancer and a leading cause of cancer death among women. Lifestyle factors such as physical activity and diet play a role in attenuating the incidence of breast cancer. Current research is beginning to show that exercise during pregnancy can convey long term health benefits to offspring. In light of these studies, the goal of this project was to determine if maternal physical activity during pregnancy could lead to reduced mammary tumor development in female offspring. Towards this goal, female Sprague Dawley rats were divided into two groups, sedentary and exercise, with the exercise …
Effects Of Moderate-Level Sound Exposure On Behavioral Thresholds In Chinchillas, Maria Sandra Carbajal De Nava
Effects Of Moderate-Level Sound Exposure On Behavioral Thresholds In Chinchillas, Maria Sandra Carbajal De Nava
Open Access Theses
Normal audiometric thresholds following noise exposure have generally been considered as an indication of a recovered cochlea and intact peripheral auditory system, yet recent animal work has challenged this classic assumption. Moderately noise-exposed animals have been shown to have permanent loss of synapses on inner hair cells (IHCs) and permanent damage to auditory nerve fibers (ANFs), specifically the low-spontaneous rate fibers (low-SR), despite normal electrophysiological thresholds. Loss of cochlear synapses, known as cochlear synaptopathy, disrupts auditory-nerve signaling, which may result in perceptual speech deficits in noise despite normal audiometric thresholds. Perceptual deficit studies in humans have shown evidence consistent with …
Fuel Choice, Acute Respiratory Infection And Child Growth In Uganda, Onyekachi U. Aghasili
Fuel Choice, Acute Respiratory Infection And Child Growth In Uganda, Onyekachi U. Aghasili
Open Access Theses
This thesis seeks to explain the relationship between a household's choice of fuel and the health and nutrition outcomes of children below the age of 5 in Uganda. The first objective is to examine the association between the choice of fuel and the incidence of acute respiratory infection (ARI). The second objective is to measure the relationship between choice of fuel, ARI and nutrition outcomes of children. ^ I use data from the 2006 and 2011 Uganda Demographic and Health Surveys (UDHS). The total number of observations is 4,463. Data indicate that 94% of rural households in the DHS sample …
Baylisascaris Spp. In Non-Raccoon Procyonid Hosts And Assessment Of Potential Risk Of Human Exposure, Max Carlin Parkanzky
Baylisascaris Spp. In Non-Raccoon Procyonid Hosts And Assessment Of Potential Risk Of Human Exposure, Max Carlin Parkanzky
Open Access Theses
Baylisascaris procyonis (Bp) is a large roundworm of the common raccoon (Procyon lotor) which serves as the definitive host. Bp is an important cause of clinical larva migrans, including severe neurological disease, across numerous taxa including humans. Other procyonids, as well as occasionally dogs, can act as definitive hosts for this or other Baylisascaris spp. Many of these animals are becoming more common as household pets, posing a risk to people who come in contact with these animals. We have investigated whether patent Baylisascaris spp. infection exists in captive non-raccoon procyonids and if humans who contact these animals …
Beta-Lactam Antimicrobial Dosing Optimization In Obese Patients Compared To Non-Obese Patients Using Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Approach, Eun Kyoung Chung
Beta-Lactam Antimicrobial Dosing Optimization In Obese Patients Compared To Non-Obese Patients Using Population Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic Approach, Eun Kyoung Chung
Open Access Dissertations
Obesity is a significant global health problem and has been associated with altered pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many drugs. However, little is known regarding the effect of obesity on the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of many broad-spectrum, beta-lactam antibiotics such as piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, and cefepime. The objective of this study is to evaluate the population pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of piperacillin/tazobactam, meropenem, and cefepime in hospitalized obese patients in order to determine dosing regimens that provide similar exposures between obese and non-obese patients. ^ For piperacillin/tazobactam, a retrospective analysis was conducted using prospectively collected serum concentration-time data from two previous studies (Study …
Exploring Knowledge And Beliefs Of Human Papillomavirus (Hpv) Infection And Hpv Vaccination Among U.S. Chinese International Students, Haijuan Gao
Open Access Dissertations
The Human Papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine provides an effective prevention strategy against HPV infection, cervical cancer, and genital warts. As increasing numbers of Chinese international students (CIS) are living and studying in United States, this specific ethnic group has become the candidate for HPV vaccination promotion. Despite an increased awareness and knowledge of HPV infection and HPV vaccine among U.S. college students, studies focused on CIS as a unique ethnic group regarding HPV vaccine promotion were limited. This project is the first time aimed to examine CIS's awareness, knowledge and beliefs about HPV infection, HPV vaccine, cervical cancer and genital warts. …
Consumer Inferences Of Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) Claims On Packaged Foods, Gaeul Kim
Consumer Inferences Of Corporate Social Responsibility (Csr) Claims On Packaged Foods, Gaeul Kim
Open Access Theses
With the growing public demands in Corporate Social Responsibility (CSR) of the food industry, CSR claims have begun to appear on food packages, as companies started communicating their CSR initiatives to consumers. Although food packages emerged as an important CSR communication tool, consumers' processing of CSR claims and the effects of these claims on product evaluations still remain unknown. In this regard, the present study carries two important research questions. First, do non-health/nutrition-related CSR claims influence consumers' product evaluations, such as perceived health benefits or tastes? If so, how does the effect of CSR claims differ by type of CSR …
Associations Between Tooth Loss And Ischemic Heart Disease And Stroke In A National Cohort, Tiina Jaagosild
Associations Between Tooth Loss And Ischemic Heart Disease And Stroke In A National Cohort, Tiina Jaagosild
Open Access Theses
The association between oral health and cardiovascular disease (CVD) has been under vigorous investigation during the last decades. Consensus documents have stated the independent relationship between periodontal disease and subsequent tooth loss and CVD. Associations between tooth loss and chronic coronary heart disease (CHD), myocardial infarction (MI), and stroke have not been evaluated separately in a single nationwide cohort. This cross-sectional study used self-reported data from the Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System 2012 and was conducted to evaluate the association between the number of teeth lost due to caries or periodontal disease and the prevalence of CVD. The final cohort …
Evaluating Breast Cancer Stem Cell Response To Antiangiogenic Therapy, Connor J. Holloway
Evaluating Breast Cancer Stem Cell Response To Antiangiogenic Therapy, Connor J. Holloway
Open Access Theses
Angiogenic inhibitors function by blocking tumor cell signals used to recruit host tissue vasculature to the tumor site, thereby depriving the cancer of the nutriment needed for further expansion. The development and implementation of angiogenic inhibitors in conjunction with standard chemotherapy agents has increased progression-free survival but not overall patient survival. It is hypothesized that chronic exposure to large doses of AAT drugs worsens hypoxic conditions within the tumor mass, selectively stimulating aggressive cancer stem cell populations to grow and proliferate. ^ In this study, the expression of the CSC biomarkers ALDH1, DLL1, and EpCAM were evaluated in breast cancer …
Modeling, Optimization, And Sensitivity Analysis Of A Continuous Multi-Segment Crystallizer For Production Of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Bradley James Ridder
Modeling, Optimization, And Sensitivity Analysis Of A Continuous Multi-Segment Crystallizer For Production Of Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients, Bradley James Ridder
Open Access Dissertations
We have investigated the simulation-based, steady-state optimization of a new type of crystallizer for the production of pharmaceuticals. The multi-segment, multi-addition plug-flow crystallizer (MSMA-PFC) offers better control over supersaturation in one dimension compared to a batch or stirred-tank crystallizer. Through use of a population balance framework, we have written the governing model equations of population balance and mass balance on the crystallizer segments. The solution of these equations was accomplished through either the method of moments or the finite volume method. The goal was to optimize the performance of the crystallizer with respect to certain quantities, such as maximizing the …
Mach: A Model For Explaining Molecular And Cellular Mechanisms, Caleb M. Trujillo
Mach: A Model For Explaining Molecular And Cellular Mechanisms, Caleb M. Trujillo
Open Access Dissertations
Biologists use mechanistic explanations to understand behaviors of the immense complexity of molecular and cellular systems. In undergraduate biology courses, students are expected to explain molecular and cellular mechanisms, but teaching this skill presents many challenges due to the highly abstract, intangible nature of the cellular world, the influence of everyday language, and the tendency of students to overestimate how much they can explain. Therefore, across three studies this dissertation addresses these obstacles to teach undergraduate biology students to explain molecular and cellular mechanisms. ^ The first step was to model how biology experts explain molecular and cellular mechanisms, and …
Show Horse Welfare, Melissa A. Voigt
Show Horse Welfare, Melissa A. Voigt
Open Access Dissertations
In recent years there has been an increase in the public's attention to situations where trainers, owners, and handlers have compromised the well-being of show horses for the sake of winning. These situations may be due to training negligence or naivety of individuals working with the horse. Either way, due to these incidents, increasing pressure has been placed on the horse industry to address show horse welfare. The purpose of this research was to expound on the welfare of stock-type show horses through the perspective of those directly involved; considering the understanding of welfare, the value placed on welfare, and …
Health-Related Coping Strategies Among Korean Immigrant Women Living In The U.S., Su-Joung Shim
Health-Related Coping Strategies Among Korean Immigrant Women Living In The U.S., Su-Joung Shim
Open Access Theses
Immigrants are known to experience enormous culture transitions that can affect their health. Depressive symptoms are characteristic of immigrants in general, and women immigrants in particular often suffer from mental health problems along with health-related issues. The qualitative study presented here relates the health-related experiences of Korean women immigrants living in a hosting country, the U.S. in this study, with the purpose of exploring their health-related issues and coping strategies.^ Qualitative research methods based on grounded theory were employed to explore the health-related coping strategies of Korean immigrant women in the U.S. A nonprobability, purposive, and snowball sampling method was …