Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Embodiment Of Exclusionary Displacement Pressure: Intersections Of Housing Insecurity And Mental Health In A Hispanic/Latinx Immigrant Neighborhood., Marisa Westbrook

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Gentrification, growing income inequality, urban development, and the affordable housing crisis necessitate understanding the impact of the concern of displacement on health - prior to or even in the absence of a displacement event. In this paper, I use the term "exclusionary displacement pressure" to unify the literature on exclusionary displacement and displacement pressure, highlighting the disproportionate and inequitable impacts of displacement pressure among communities of color. Through following 35 residents over 2.5-years (2019-2022) in one predominantly low-income Hispanic/Latinx immigrant neighborhood in Denver, Colorado, I examine how exclusionary displacement pressure shapes their health and wellbeing over time. Through paying attention …

Frequencies And Spectra Of Aflatoxin B-Induced Mutations In Liver Genomes Of Neil1-Deficient Mice As Revealed By Duplex Sequencing., Irina G. Minko, Michael M. Luzadder, Vladimir L. Vartanian, Sean P M Rice, Megan M. Nguyen, Monica Sanchez-Contreras, Phu Van, Scott R. Kennedy, Amanda K. Mccullough, R Stephen Lloyd

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Increased risk for the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is driven by a number of etiological factors including hepatitis viral infection and dietary exposures to foods contaminated with aflatoxin-producing molds. Intracellular metabolic activation of aflatoxin B (AFB) to a reactive epoxide generates highly mutagenic AFB-Fapy-dG adducts. Previously, we demonstrated that repair of AFB-Fapy-dG adducts can be initiated by the DNA glycosylase NEIL1 and that male mice were significantly more susceptible to AFB-induced HCC relative to wild-type mice. To investigate the mechanisms underlying this enhanced carcinogenesis, WT and mice were challenged with a single, 4 mg/kg dose of AFB and frequencies …

Influence Of Antibiotic Exposure Intensity On The Risk Of Clostridioides Difficile Infection, Michael J. Ray, Luke C. Strnad, Kendall J. Tucker, Jon P. Furuno, Eric T. Lofgren, Caitlin M. Mccracken, Hiro Park, Jeffrey S. Gerber, Jessina C. Mcgregor

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Antibiotics are a strong risk factor for Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI), and CDI incidence is often measured as an important outcome metric for antimicrobial stewardship interventions aiming to reduce antibiotic use. However, risk of CDI from antibiotics varies by agent and dependent on the intensity (i.e., spectrum and duration) of antibiotic therapy. Thus, the impact of stewardship interventions on CDI incidence is variable, and understanding this risk requires a more granular measure of intensity of therapy than traditionally used measures like days of therapy (DOT).

Fixing A Hole: A Retrospective Cohort Study Evaluating Hav, Hbv, Tetanus Screening, And Vaccination During Hospitalization In Persons Who Use Substances, Amber C. Streifel, Jose Eduardo Rivera Sarti, Monica K. Sikka, Michael Conte, Bradie Winders, Cara D. Varley

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background:Rates of serious injection-related infections in persons who use drugs have increased. Resulting admissions are an opportunity for screening and vaccination of preventable infections such as hepatitis A virus (HAV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), and tetanus. Design and methods:We conducted a retrospective review of adults with documented substance use admitted for bacterial infection between July 2015 and March 2020. We evaluated HAV, HBV, and tetanus vaccination status at admission, along with screening for HAV and HBV infection and immunity. We identified the proportion of patients at risk for infection who received HAV, HBV, and tetanus vaccines during admission and patient-level …

Amelioration Of Age-Related Cognitive Decline And Anxiety In Mice By Centella Asiatica Extract Varies By Sex, Dose And Mode Of Administration, Nora E. Gray, Wyatt Hack, Mikah S. Brandes, Jonathan A. Zweig, Liping Yang, Luke Marney, Jaewoo Choi, Armando Alcazar Magana, Natasha Cerruti, Janis Mcferrin, Seiji Koike, Thuan Nguyen, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: A water extract (CAW) of the Ayurvedic plant Centella asiatica administered in drinking water has been shown to improve cognitive deficits in mouse models of aging and neurodegenerative diseases. Here the effects of CAW administered in drinking water or the diet on cognition, measures of anxiety and depression-like behavior in healthy aged mice are compared.Methods: Three- and eighteen-month-old male and female C57BL6 mice were administered rodent AIN-93M diet containing CAW (0, 0.2, 0.5 or 1% w/w) to provide 0, 200 mg/kg/d, 500 mg/kg/d or 1,000 mg/kg/d CAW for a total of 5 weeks. An additional group of eighteen-month-old mice …

Does Assisted Living Provide Assistance And Promote Living?, Sheryl Zimmerman, Robyn Stone, Paula Carder, Kali Thomas

Institute on Aging Publications

Assisted living has promised assistance and quality of living to older adults for more than eighty years. It is the largest residential provider of long-term care in the United States, serving more than 918,000 older adults as of 2018. As assisted living has evolved, the needs of residents have become more challenging; staffing shortages have worsened; regulations have become complex; the need for consumer support, education, and advocacy has grown; and financing and accessibility have become insufficient. Together, these factors have limited the extent to which today's assisted living adequately provides assistance and promotes living, with negative consequences for aging …

Impact Of Sars-Cov-2 Infection On Long-Term Depression Symptoms Among Veterans., Jason I. Chen, David Bui, Theodore J. Iwashyna, Troy A. Shahoumian, Alex Hickok, Megan Shepherd-Banigan, Eric J. Hawkins, Jennifer Naylor, Diana J. Govier, Thomas F. Osborne, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Prior research demonstrates that SARS-COV-2 infection can be associated with a broad range of mental health outcomes including depression symptoms. Veterans, in particular, may be at elevated risk of increased depression following SARS-COV-2 infection given their high rates of pre-existing mental and physical health comorbidities. However, few studies have tried to isolate SARS-COV-2 infection associations with long term, patient-reported depression symptoms from other factors (e.g., physical health comorbidities, pandemic-related stress).

Concordance Between Two Monoclonal Antibody-Based Antigen Detection Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assays For Measuring Cysticercal Antigen Levels In Sera From Pigs Experimentally Infected With Taenia Solium And Taenia Hydatigena, Gianfranco Arroyo, Luz Toribio, Sara Garrido, Nancy Chile, Teresa Lopez-Urbina, Luis A. Gomez-Puerta, Miguel Muro, Robert H. Gilman, Yesenia Castillo, Pierre Dorny, Seth E. O’Neal, Multiple Additional Authors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background: Antigen detection in Taenia solium cysticercosis confirms viable infection in the intermediate host (either pig or human). The reference B158/B60 monoclonal antibody (mAb)-based Ag-enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) has acceptable levels of sensitivity and specificity in human neurocysticercosis with multiple brain cysts, although its sensitivity is lower in cases with single brain cysts, whereas in porcine cysticercosis the assay specificity is affected by its frequent cross-reaction with Taenia hydatigena, another common cestode found in pigs. Our group has produced 21 anti-T. solium mAbs reacting against antigens of the whole cyst, vesicular fluid, and secretory/excretory products, identifying TsW8/TsW5 as the most …

Contralateral Second Dose Improves Antibody Responses To A 2-Dose Mrna Vaccination Regimen, Sedigheh Fazli, Archana Thomas, Abram E. Estrada, Hiro A. P. Ross, David Xthona Lee, Steven Kazmierczak, Mark K. Slifka, David Montefiori, William B. Messer, Marcel E. Curlin

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

BACKGROUND. Vaccination is typically administered without regard to site of prior vaccination, but this factor may substantially affect downstream immune responses. METHODS. We assessed serological responses to initial COVID-19 vaccination in baseline seronegative adults who received second-dose boosters in the ipsilateral or contralateral arm relative to initial vaccination. We measured serum SARSCoV-2 spike–specific Ig, receptor-binding domain–specific (RBD-specific) IgG, SARS-CoV-2 nucleocapsid–specific IgG, and neutralizing antibody titers against SARS-CoV-2.D614G (early strain) and SARS-CoV-2.B.1.1.529 (Omicron) at approximately 0.6, 8, and 14 months after boosting. RESULTS. In 947 individuals, contralateral boosting was associated with higher spike-specific serum Ig, and this effect increased over time, …

Health From The Grassroots, Listening To Mob: University- Based Aboriginal Researchers Collaborate With Aboriginal Communities To Identify Health Priorities, Emma Walke, Kathleen P. Conte, David Edwards, Veronica Matthews

Homelessness Research & Action Collaborative Publications and Presentations

Background: There is opportunity for Universities to actively engage with Aboriginal communities to participate, conduct, and ideally lead, responsible research that attends to community priorities and issues. The Health from the Grassroots (Grassroots) project seeks to address an ongoing mismatch between university-defined priorities and community-defined priorities in rural [***]. Grassroots, led by Aboriginal staff of the [***], is a community engagement project aimed at engaging Aboriginal communities in conversations to inform research priorities. This paper describes the project vision, implementation, and lessons learned in the first years.

Approach: The Grassroots project was a true representation of collaborative research led by …

Behavioral Management Of Respiratory/Phonatory Dysfunction For Dysarthria Associated With Neurodegenerative Disease: A Systematic Review, Sarah E. Perry, Michelle Troche, Jessica E. Huber, Jordanna Sevitz, James Curtis, Brianna Kiefer, Qiana Dennard, Deanna Britton, Multiple Additional Authors

Speech and Hearing Sciences Faculty Publications and Presentations

Purpose:

This systematic review represents an update to previous reviews of the literature addressing behavioral management of respiratory/phonatory dysfunction in individuals with dysarthria due to neurodegenerative disease.

Method:

Multiple electronic database searches and hand searches of prominent speech-language pathology journals were conducted in accordance with Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses standards.

Results:

The search yielded 1,525 articles, from which 88 met inclusion criteria and were reviewed by two blinded co-investigators. A large range of therapeutic approaches have been added to the evidence base since the last review, including expiratory muscle strength training, singing, and computer- and device-driven …

Primary Care As A Protective Factor: A Vision To Transform Health Care Delivery And Overcome Disparities In Health, Edward L. Machtinger, Alicia F. Lieberman, Christina D. Bethell, Marguerita Lightfoot

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

A large body of research demonstrates that experiences of trauma, especially when they occur in the absence of safe, stable, nurturing relationships (SSNRs) and environments— known as protective factors— interrupt healthy development and predispose both children and adults to the most common causes of physical and mental illness and early death.1,2 Because minoritized and low-income populations are exposed to more trauma and have access to fewer protective factors, they experience higher rates of trauma-related health and social problems and severe disparities in health.1–4 Primary care clinicians increasingly recognize the role that trauma plays in the health and well-being of their …

Patient And Caregiver Perspectives On Implementation Of Ace Screening In Pediatric Care Settings: A Qualitative Evaluation, Ingrid Estrada-Darley, Peggy Chen, Ryan Mcbain, Gabriela Alvarado, Charles Engel, Nipher Mallika, Edward L. Machtinger, Brigid Mccaw, Marguerita Lightfoot, Multiple Additional Athors

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Introduction

This qualitative research study explored the perspectives of adolescents, 12 to 19-years-old, and caregivers of children under 12-years-old on the acceptibility of adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) screenings in five pediatric clinics.

Method

A constructivist grounded theory approach was utilized. One-on-one semistructured phone interviews were conducted with 44 adolescents and 95 caregivers of children less than 12 years old. Interviews were analyzed using thematic analysis.

Results

Most participants reported feeling comfortable discussing ACEs with their providers. Some reported that screening helped build trust. Others expressed privacy concerns and did not receive information about the reason for screening. Adolescent patients …

What Adolescents Say In Text Messages To Motivate Peer Networks To Access Health Care And Sexually Transmitted Infection Testing: Qualitative Thematic Analysis, Marguerita Lightfoot, Chadwick Campbell, Allysha C. Maragh-Bass, Joi Jackson-Morgan, Kelly Taylor

OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Faculty Publications and Presentations

Background:While rates of HIV and sexually transmitted infections (STIs) are extremely high among adolescents and young adults in the United States, rates of HIV and STI testing remain low. Given the ubiquity of mobile phones and the saliency of peers for youths, text messaging strategies may successfully promote HIV or STI testing among youths.

Objective:This study aimed to understand the types of messages youths believe were motivating and persuasive when asked to text friends to encourage them to seek HIV or STI testing services at a neighborhood clinic.

Methods:We implemented an adolescent peer-based text messaging intervention to encourage clinic attendance …

Oral Health And Older Adults: A Narrative Review, Martin S. Lipsky, Tejasvi Singh, Golnoush Zakeri, Man Hung

Institute on Aging Publications

Oral health’s association with general health, morbidity, and mortality in older adults highlights its importance for healthy aging. Poor oral health is not an inevitable consequence of aging, and a proactive, multidisciplinary approach to early recognition and treatment of common pathologies increases the likelihood of maintaining good oral health. Some individuals may not have regular access to a dentist, and opportunities to improve oral health may be lost if health professionals fail to appreciate the importance of oral health on overall well-being and quality of life. The authors of this narrative review examined government websites, the American Dental Association Aging …