Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Correlation Of Body Mass Index Percentile And Craniofacial Morphology: A Retrospective, Cross-Sectional Study, Adam G. Danze

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: Obesity rates are rising exponentially in many countries around the world, particularly in the United States. This epidemic is affecting people of all ages, and little to no progress has been made it slow it down. Lack of physical activity and increased consumption of energy rich foods and caloric intake have been recognized as contributing factors for the concerning increase in the prevalence of obesity in child and adult populations. The high prevalence of obesity is believed to be a complex interplay of genetic, environmental, socioeconomic, cultural, and psychological factors. Childhood obesity is occurring at progressively younger ages, leading …

The Relationship Of Parent-Reported Symptoms Of Sleep-Disordered Breathing With The Presence Of Malocclusion And Craniofacial Disharmony In Pediatric Orthodontic Patients, Astin Barnes

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: Sleep-disordered breathing (SDB) is a term for breathing difficulties occurring during sleep and encompasses frequent loud snoring to Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). SDB in children has been linked to daytime sleepiness, poor school performance, hyperactivity, cardiovascular complications, impaired overall growth, development of malocclusion, and craniofacial disharmony. The American Academy of Pediatrics and the American Association of Orthodontists (AAO) urge more studies to educate about etiology, symptoms, and sequelae of SDB. Therefore, this study proposed to investigate the association between symptoms of SDB and malocclusion and craniofacial disharmony in children. Methods: The Pediatric Sleep Questionnaire (PSQ) was used to obtain …

Comparing The Efficacy Of Scalpel, Electrosurgical, And Laser Gingivectomies For The Management Of Gingival Enlargement Following Orthodontic Therapy, Mehdi Garashi

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: Gingival enlargement can occur during orthodontic therapy and often may not subside following removal of the orthodontic appliances. It may lead to esthetic concerns, as well as potential reservoirs for bacteria and hinder oral hygiene efforts. Treatment has included nonsurgical debridement alone or in combination with gingival resection using laser, electrosurgery, or conventional scalpel. Objectives: To compare the clinical effectiveness of three resective techniques in the management of gingival enlargement following orthodontic therapy with regards to: Gingival margin position (GMP), probing depths (PDs), bleeding scores, plaque index (PI), gingival index (GI) and patient postoperative discomfort. Materials and Methods: 17 …

Minimally Invasive Accelerated Orthodontic Techniques: A Clinical, Radiological, And Histological Comparison On A Rat Model, Sausha Toghranegar

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Background: Accelerated orthodontics encompasses a group of techniques designed to facilitate the faster movement of teeth. Many techniques developed are designed to cause a controlled injury to the cortex of the bone resulting in a transient osteopenia, also known as the regional acceleratory phenomena (RAP). Little research has been done to compare these techniques and describe their effects on the periodontium. Objective: To clinically, histologically, and radiographically compare several minimally invasive techniques for inducing accelerated orthodontics. Methods: Sixty 8-9-week-old male Sprague Dawley rats were used for this investigation. An orthodontic device consisting of a 50g NiTi closed coil spring was …

Comparison Of Preformed Archwires To Pretreatment Dental Casts Representing Normal Occlusions, Ezra Brown

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: Preformed nickel-titanium archwires have become an almost universal standard for archwire selection in clinical practice. However, previous studies have found that that the intercanine and intermolar widths may be altered with the use of these wires. The patient’s original arch form should not be changed. To our knowledge, previous studies have not yet assessed the intercanine and intermolar widths of preformed archwires when categorized into ovoid, tapered, and square arch forms. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the inter-arch dimensions of commercially available preformed nickel-titanium archwires relative to normal occlusion dental arches and when compared to …

Examining Practitioner Standards Regarding Periodontal Clearance For The Orthodontic Patient, William P. Brown

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: Orthodontic tooth movement relies largely on the physiology of the periodontium, which is comprised of various types of bone and soft tissues that surround and support the teeth. New orthodontic treatment modalities have emerged offering various combinations of improved esthetics and/or speed. However, the impact on standard and quality of care of these alternative treatment modalities is unclear. Institutional concern for the effects of orthodontics on a periodontally-compromised patient remains high, as evidenced by governing dental bodies mandating, and contemporary orthodontic leaders insisting, orthodontic treatment should not be carried out until active dental disease has been addressed. Therefore, this …

Effect Of Air-Abrasion Preparation On Shear Bond Strength Of Orthodontic Brackets To Enamel Surface, Elliott Katz

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: An optimal orthodontic bonding system must minimize damage to the enamel during conditioning, have enough bond strength to prevent bracket de-bonding during treatment, and allow bracket removal at treatment completion, such that minimal damage is inflicted to the tooth.1 Pumice followed by acid etching has been the standard for many years; however, Groman Inc. (Margate, FL, USA) has stated that using their air-abrasion product will result in a tripling of bond strength. This method claims a three-fold increase in bond strength compared to traditional acid etching techniques by substituting air-abrasion using the EtchMaster® (Groman Inc., Margate, FL) 50 μm …

A Study Of The Relationship Between Mandibular Second Molar Impaction And Class Ii Malocclusions, Michael Wiernicki

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: Detection of impacted teeth by the orthodontist is imperative for diagnosis and treatment planning. A tooth is impacted when it has arrested eruption due to the presence of a clinically or radiographically visible physical barrier in the path of eruption. The most commonly impacted teeth are third molars, followed by maxillary canines and mandibular second premolars. When referring to mandibular second molar (MM2) impaction, prevalence ranges from as low as 0.06-0.65%1-5, to as high as 1.36% and 1.8%. Numerous studies have identified etiologic risk factors for MM2 impaction, such as mesial crown angulation, dental crowding, morphological tooth anomalies, and …

Evaluation Of Enamel Surface Roughness After Laser Removal Of Clear Aligner Attachments, Nickolaos Z. Kallis

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: Following orthodontic appliance removal, the primary objective is to remove all remaining adhesive from the facial surfaces and return the enamel to its pretreatment state. Composite remnant removal must be performed with as little to no damage to the superficial layer of enamel to ensure long-term health and esthetics of the dentition. Numerous studies have investigated the efficacy of multiple composite remnant removal methods with no consensus as to which method should be the standard of care1-7. Traditional methods of composite removal after bracket debonding have included tungsten-carbide burs, white stone burs, green stones, and composite discs; which all …

Investigating Lip Protrusion Aesthetics By Comparing The Facial Profile View With An Oblique View, Barak Jones

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: Orthodontists strive to enhance facial esthetics. Notable orthodontists including Holdaway, Ricketts, Merrifield and more each made contributions to help diagnose facial disharmonies and improve treatment outcomes. Numerous studies have evaluated the face from two perspectives, frontal and profile. Orthodontic treatment can significantly transform a facial profile. Orthodontic literature has time and again compared photos, line drawings and silhouettes in order to define a harmonious profile. Some have concluded that a more protrusive lip profile than what had been outlined traditionally is now preferred. However, while this debate continues, in this dynamic world the profile perspective is not the most …

Florida Orthodontist Participation As Medicaid Providers, Lisa Brooks

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Low-income families are usually unable to afford the cost of orthodontic treatment. The Medicaid program exists to assist these families’ access to medical and dental care, including orthodontics in children and adolescents with severe malocclusions. There exists a contrast between need and care-received, which is a product of several general factors. This study will examine the factors involved with orthodontist participation. Previous studies have indicated that low reimbursement rates and excessive paperwork are among the reasons that providers choose not to participate in Medicaid. New studies have identified factors that were accurately able to predict if a dentist is a …

Tooth Borne Anchorage: A Comparative Analysis, Shane Hodson

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objective: The purpose of this study was to compare two anchorage modalities. Differential mass and differential moments were compared for their anchorage effectiveness in the sagittal and vertical dimensions. Class I patients with maximum anchorage requirements and treated with four first premolar extractions were selected. Background: Due to a severe combination of crowding, incisor proclination and protrusion, and procumbency of the lips, certain patients require extractions and maximum anchorage in orthodontic treatment.8 Two tooth borne anchorage modalities, differential mass and differential moments, have been shown to be able to achieve maximum anchorage requirements.5, 7 Methods: The available digital records of …

Effect Of Ph And Recharge Protocol On Fluoride Release From Orthodontic Band Adhesives, Erica Kader

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objective: This study evaluated the release of fluoride from orthodontic band adhesives before and after exposure to fluoride varnish (FV), MI Paste (MIP), MI Paste Plus (MIPP), or no application, in neutral and acidic solutions. Background: White spot lesions (WSLs) occur in 73% of orthodontic patients. WSLs occur as a result of plaque accumulation, which leads to increased acidity of the oral cavity and subsequent enamel demineralization. Topical fluoride is frequently used as therapy for WSLs, in the form of toothpaste, mouth-rinse and varnish. In an effort to reduce demineralization around fixed appliances, fluoride-releasing adhesives have been employed, including glass …

Assessing Orthodontic-Bracket Impacts On Lip Profile At Bonding And Debonding Stages, Martin Trockel

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Introduction: One factor that contributes greatly to the lower face appearance and orthodontists have the ability to affect is lip profile. Clinical assessment of the lip profile is an important element in the decision of orthodontic treatment planning and in the evaluation of treatment progress and outcome. Three known factors influence the lip profile; the lip thickness, the underlying bone, and the tooth position. The positions and inclinations of the anterior teeth can affect the lip position, but it is unclear whether orthodontic brackets bonded to the labial surface of anterior teeth move the lip position and thereafter change the …

Effects Of Sodium Hypochlorite On Enamel Composition, Sonni Pellillo

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sodium hypochlorite on the organic and inorganic composition of enamel. Background: With the advent of enamel bonding for orthodontic appliances in the late 1970s, it has been shown that traditional phosphoric acid etching affects the inorganic portion of the enamel.1, 2 In an attempt to enhance the acid etching pattern and, furthermore, the bond strength, additional pretreatment techniques that target the organic components of the enamel biofilm have been proposed. One such method is the non-invasive enamel pretreatment with 5.25% sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) prior to phosphoric acid etching.3, 4 …

Ex Vivo Effects Of An Orthodontic-Specific Bleaching System On Tooth Color And Existing Bracket Bonding, Kirk James Bean

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objective: The purpose of this ex vivo study was to assess the changes in tooth color and existing orthodontic bracket bonding when exposed to a bleaching agent. Methods: 120 freshly extracted human premolars were equally divided into 4 groups: a negative-control group, a positive-control bleaching group, a bracket-bonded group, and a bracket bonded-bleached group. The bleaching protocol was carried out as recommended by the manufacturer of Opalescence Go® – 30 minutes each day for 10 consecutive days. The color value of each tooth was measured daily by spectrophotometry for the negative-control group and the positive-control bleaching group in 6 different …

Adjunctive Appliance Wear And Gender Affect Patients' Oral Health-Related Quality Of Life During The Late Stage Of Orthodontic Treatment In Adolescents, Monica Dinh

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objective: This study was conducted to determine how oral health-related quality of life (OHQoL) changes during the late stage of comprehensive fixed orthodontic treatment in adolescents and what factors may be involved. Background: Completion of orthodontic treatment has been shown to improve patients’ OHQoL due to the changes in esthetics, function and emotional well-being. The levels of OHQoL fluctuate throughout treatment where an initial decrease within the first 6 months occurs followed by an improvement towards patients’ pre-treatment levels. At 18 months of fixed orthodontic treatment, the level is unclear. The aims of this study were to clarify the changes …

Cephalometric Regional Superimpositions -- Digital Vs. Analog Accuracy And Precision : 3. The Cranial Base, Douglas Shaw

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Objective. To assess the accuracy and precision in measurement of pairwise implant displacement across three methods of cranial base superimposition. Background. Cephalometric superimposition is the principal radiographic method used to evaluate changes within the craniofacial skeleton. Many studies have examined the accuracy of software intended to produce cephalometric superimposition. Such studies have utilized anatomic landmarks, selected by the respective software manufacturers, as registration points for constructing superimpositions and their analysis. As a result, these studies are only as accurate as the stability and validity of anatomic registration landmarks used. To our knowledge, no other study has utilized metallic implants to …

Evaluation Of Critical Parameters Of Low Level Laser Irradiation On Human Osteoblast Cell Proliferation And Differentiation, Samuel Dean Waddoups

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

Abstract

Orthodontic tooth movement is a biological response to a mechanical force. One of the challenges in orthodontics is obtaining desired tooth movement during treatment. Accelerating tooth movement and decreasing demands on anchorage can reduce treatment times and overall satisfaction for patient and doctor. Low-level laser therapy (LLLT) is emerging as a technology that may decrease orthodontic treatment time. Many in vitro and in vivo studies have reported the effects of low level lasers at random time points and energy densities. None of the studies have optimized the dose required for osteoblast proliferation and differentiation. The purpose of this study …

Effects Of Synthetic Cortical Bone Thickness And Force Vector Application On Temporary Anchorage Device Pull-Out Strength As Related To Clinical Perspectives Of Practicing Orthodontists, Ira Rothstein

Student Theses, Dissertations and Capstones

December 2011.

A thesis submitted to the College of Dental Medicine of Nova Southeastern University of the degree of Master of Science in Dentistry.

Background: Temporary anchorage devices (TADs) provide a versatile means by which orthodontic anchorage can be established without the need for patient compliance and complex force systems. Their use is predicated on their ability to remain stable throughout the course of treatment in which they are needed. This has been shown to be the result of "primary stability" which is achieved through mechanical interlocking of the screw threads with the surrounding bone immediately upon placement. Therefore, evaluating …