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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Evidence Of Positive Selection In Mitochondrial Complexes I And V Of The African Elephant., Tabitha M. Finch, Nan Zhao, Dmitry Korkin, Katy H. Frederick, Lori S. Eggert
Evidence Of Positive Selection In Mitochondrial Complexes I And V Of The African Elephant., Tabitha M. Finch, Nan Zhao, Dmitry Korkin, Katy H. Frederick, Lori S. Eggert
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
As species evolve, they become adapted to their local environments. Detecting the genetic signature of selection and connecting that to the phenotype of the organism, however, is challenging. Here we report using an integrative approach that combines DNA sequencing with structural biology analyses to assess the effect of selection on residues in the mitochondrial DNA of the two species of African elephants. We detected evidence of positive selection acting on residues in complexes I and V, and we used homology protein structure modeling to assess the effect of the biochemical properties of the selected residues on the enzyme structure. Given …
Cardiac Fibroblast-Dependent Extracellular Matrix Accumulation Is Associated With Diastolic Stiffness In Type 2 Diabetes., Kirk R. Hutchinson, C. Kevin Lord, T. Aaron West, James A. Stewart
Cardiac Fibroblast-Dependent Extracellular Matrix Accumulation Is Associated With Diastolic Stiffness In Type 2 Diabetes., Kirk R. Hutchinson, C. Kevin Lord, T. Aaron West, James A. Stewart
College of Arts and Sciences Publications and Scholarship
Cardiovascular complications are a leading cause of death in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Diastolic dysfunction is one of the earliest manifestations of diabetes-induced changes in left ventricular (LV) function, and results from a reduced rate of relaxation and increased stiffness. The mechanisms responsible for increased stiffness are not completely understood. Chronic hyperglycemia, advanced glycation endproducts (AGEs), and increased levels of proinflammatory and profibrotic cytokines are molecular pathways known to be involved in regulating extracellular matrix (ECM) synthesis and accumulation resulting in increased LV diastolic stiffness. Experiments were conducted using a genetically-induced mouse model of T2DM generated by …
A Joint Matrix Completion And Filtering Model For Influenza Serological Data Integration., Xiao-Tong Yuan, Tong Zhang, Xiu-Feng Wan
A Joint Matrix Completion And Filtering Model For Influenza Serological Data Integration., Xiao-Tong Yuan, Tong Zhang, Xiu-Feng Wan
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
Antigenic characterization based on serological data, such as Hemagglutination Inhibition (HI) assay, is one of the routine procedures for influenza vaccine strain selection. In many cases, it would be impossible to measure all pairwise antigenic correlations between testing antigens and reference antisera in each individual experiment. Thus, we have to combine and integrate the HI tables from a number of individual experiments. Measurements from different experiments may be inconsistent due to different experimental conditions. Consequently we will observe a matrix with missing data and possibly inconsistent measurements. In this paper, we develop a new mathematical model, which we refer to …
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle And One-Carbon Metabolism Pathways Are Important In Edwardsiella Ictaluri Virulence., Neeti Dahal, Hossam Abdelhamed, Jingjun Lu, Attila Karsi, Mark L. Lawrence
Tricarboxylic Acid Cycle And One-Carbon Metabolism Pathways Are Important In Edwardsiella Ictaluri Virulence., Neeti Dahal, Hossam Abdelhamed, Jingjun Lu, Attila Karsi, Mark L. Lawrence
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
Edwardsiella ictaluri is a Gram-negative facultative intracellular pathogen causing enteric septicemia of channel catfish (ESC). The disease causes considerable economic losses in the commercial catfish industry in the United States. Although antibiotics are used as feed additive, vaccination is a better alternative for prevention of the disease. Here we report the development and characterization of novel live attenuated E. ictaluri mutants. To accomplish this, several tricarboxylic acid cycle (sdhC, mdh, and frdA) and one-carbon metabolism genes (gcvP and glyA) were deleted in wild type E. ictaluri strain 93-146 by allelic exchange. Following bioluminescence tagging of the E. ictaluri ?sdhC, ?mdh, …
Role Of An Iron-Dependent Transcriptional Regulator In The Pathogenesis And Host Response To Infection With Streptococcus Pneumoniae., Radha Gupta, Minny Bhatty, Edwin Swiatlo, Bindu Nanduri
Role Of An Iron-Dependent Transcriptional Regulator In The Pathogenesis And Host Response To Infection With Streptococcus Pneumoniae., Radha Gupta, Minny Bhatty, Edwin Swiatlo, Bindu Nanduri
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
Iron is a critical cofactor for many enzymes and is known to regulate gene expression in many bacterial pathogens. Streptococcus pneumoniae normally inhabits the upper respiratory mucosa but can also invade and replicate in lungs and blood. These anatomic sites vary considerably in both the quantity and form of available iron. The genome of serotype 4 pneumococcal strain TIGR4 encodes a putative iron-dependent transcriptional regulator (IDTR). A mutant deleted at idtr (?idtr) exhibited growth kinetics similar to parent strain TIGR4 in vitro and in mouse blood for up to 48 hours following infection. However, ?idtr was significantly attenuated in a …
Stallion Sperm Transcriptome Comprises Functionally Coherent Coding And Regulatory Rnas As Revealed By Microarray Analysis And Rna-Seq., Pranab J. Das, Fiona M. Mccarthy, Monika Vishnoi, Nandina Paria, Cathy Gresham, Gang Li, Priyanka Kachroo, A. Kendrick Sudderth, Sheila Teague, Charles C. Love, Dickson D. Varner, Bhanu P. Chowdhary, Terje Raudsepp
Stallion Sperm Transcriptome Comprises Functionally Coherent Coding And Regulatory Rnas As Revealed By Microarray Analysis And Rna-Seq., Pranab J. Das, Fiona M. Mccarthy, Monika Vishnoi, Nandina Paria, Cathy Gresham, Gang Li, Priyanka Kachroo, A. Kendrick Sudderth, Sheila Teague, Charles C. Love, Dickson D. Varner, Bhanu P. Chowdhary, Terje Raudsepp
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
Mature mammalian sperm contain a complex population of RNAs some of which might regulate spermatogenesis while others probably play a role in fertilization and early development. Due to this limited knowledge, the biological functions of sperm RNAs remain enigmatic. Here we report the first characterization of the global transcriptome of the sperm of fertile stallions. The findings improved understanding of the biological significance of sperm RNAs which in turn will allow the discovery of sperm-based biomarkers for stallion fertility. The stallion sperm transcriptome was interrogated by analyzing sperm and testes RNA on a 21,000-element equine whole-genome oligoarray and by RNA-seq. …
Investigation Of The Role Of Tnf-A Converting Enzyme (Tace) In The Inhibition Of Cell Surface And Soluble Tnf-A Production By Acute Ethanol Exposure., Maltzan Kristine Von, Wei Tan, Stephen B. Pruett
Investigation Of The Role Of Tnf-A Converting Enzyme (Tace) In The Inhibition Of Cell Surface And Soluble Tnf-A Production By Acute Ethanol Exposure., Maltzan Kristine Von, Wei Tan, Stephen B. Pruett
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) play a fundamental role in the immune system by detecting pathogen associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) to sense host infection. Ethanol at doses relevant for humans inhibits the pathogen induced cytokine response mediated through TLRs. The current study was designed to investigate the mechanisms of this effect by determining whether ethanol inhibits TLR3 and TLR4 mediated TNF-? secretion through inhibition of transcription factor activation or post-transcriptional effects. In NF-?B reporter mice, activation of NF-?B in vivo by LPS was inhibited by ethanol (LPS alone yielded 170,000?35,300 arbitrary units of light emission; LPS plus ethanol yielded 56,120?16880, p = …
Zebrafish Kidney Phagocytes Utilize Macropinocytosis And Ca+-Dependent Endocytic Mechanisms., Claudia Hohn, Sang-Ryul Lee, Lesya M. Pinchuk, Lora Petrie-Hanson
Zebrafish Kidney Phagocytes Utilize Macropinocytosis And Ca+-Dependent Endocytic Mechanisms., Claudia Hohn, Sang-Ryul Lee, Lesya M. Pinchuk, Lora Petrie-Hanson
College of Veterinary Medicine Publications and Scholarship
BACKGROUND: The innate immune response constitutes the first line of defense against invading pathogens and consists of a variety of immune defense mechanisms including active endocytosis by macrophages and granulocytes. Endocytosis can be used as a reliable measure of selective and non-selective mechanisms of antigen uptake in the early phase of an immune response. Numerous assays have been developed to measure this response in a variety of mammalian and fish species. The small size of the zebrafish has prevented the large-scale collection of monocytes/macrophages and granulocytes for these endocytic assays. METHODOLOGY/PRINCIPAL FINDINGS: Pooled zebrafish kidney hematopoietic tissues were used as …