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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Receptor Activation In The Hypothalamus Recruits Unique Signaling Pathways Involved In Energy Homeostasis, Brian Maunze, Katherine Wood Bruckner, Nikhil Nilesh Desai, Christopher Chen, Fanghong Chen, David Baker, Sujean Choi
Pituitary Adenylate Cyclase-Activating Polypeptide Receptor Activation In The Hypothalamus Recruits Unique Signaling Pathways Involved In Energy Homeostasis, Brian Maunze, Katherine Wood Bruckner, Nikhil Nilesh Desai, Christopher Chen, Fanghong Chen, David Baker, Sujean Choi
Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications
Pituitary adenylate cyclase activating polypeptide (PACAP) exerts pleiotropic effects on ventromedial nuclei (VMN) of the hypothalamus and its control of feeding and energy expenditure through the type I PAC1 receptor (PAC1R). However, the endogenous role of PAC1Rs in the VMN and the downstream signaling responsible for PACAP’s effects on energy balance are unknown. Numerous studies have revealed that PAC1Rs are coupled to both Gαs/adenylyl cyclase/protein kinase A (Gαs/AC/PKA) and Gαq/phospholipase C/protein kinase C (Gαq/PLC/PKC), while also undergoing trafficking following stimulation. To determine the endogenous role of PAC1Rs and downstream signaling that may explain PACAP’s pleiotropic effects, we used RNA interference …
Understanding Water Diffusion In Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Remote From Injury Epicenter, Alice Motovylyak
Understanding Water Diffusion In Experimental Spinal Cord Injury Remote From Injury Epicenter, Alice Motovylyak
Dissertations (1934 -)
Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) has demonstrated success as a biomarker of spinal cord injury (SCI) severity as shown from numerous preclinical studies. However, artifacts from stabilization hardware at the lesion have precluded its use for longitudinal assessments. Previous research has documented ex vivo diffusion changes in the spinal cord both caudal and rostral to the injury epicenter. The aim of this dissertation was to quantify the structural changes that lead to different diffusion measures in the rat cervical spinal cord after a thoracic contusion injury in an attempt to find a biomarker of injury. Animals received a thoracic contusion injury …
Compressed Sensing For Few-View Multi-Pinhole Spect With Applications To Preclinical Imaging, Benjamin Michael Rizzo
Compressed Sensing For Few-View Multi-Pinhole Spect With Applications To Preclinical Imaging, Benjamin Michael Rizzo
Dissertations (1934 -)
Single Photon Emission Computed Tomography (SPECT) can be used to identify and quantify changes in molecular and cellular targets involved in disease. A radiopharmaceutical that targets a specific metabolic function is administered to a subject and planar projections are formed by imaging emissions at different view angles around the subject. The reconstruction task is to determine the distribution of radioactivity within the subject from the projections. We present a reconstruction approach that utilizes only a few view angles, resulting in a highly underdetermined system, which could be used for dynamic imaging applications designed to quantify physiologic processes altered with disease. …
A New Obesity Model Reveals The Hypophagic Properties Of Pacap Involve The Regulation Of Homeostatic Feeding In The Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus And Hedonic Feeding In The Nucleus Accumbens, Matthew M. Hurley, Brian Maunze, Jon M. Resch, Mogen M. Frenkel, M. J. Reilley, Megan E. Block, David A. Baker, Sujean Choi
A New Obesity Model Reveals The Hypophagic Properties Of Pacap Involve The Regulation Of Homeostatic Feeding In The Ventromedial Hypothalamic Nucleus And Hedonic Feeding In The Nucleus Accumbens, Matthew M. Hurley, Brian Maunze, Jon M. Resch, Mogen M. Frenkel, M. J. Reilley, Megan E. Block, David A. Baker, Sujean Choi
Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications
Binge eating in humans is a complex disorder that often involves discrete, compulsive feeding sessions of highly palatable foods even in the absence of a deprivation state or hunger. Binging can be effectively modeled in rodents by providing subjects with limited access to a palatable food source (Western Diet; WD) as an adjunct to ad lib access to normal chow (Standard Chow; SC). Although this design recapitulates several fundamental characteristics observed in binge eating disorder, the binge eating observed in this paradigm is likely a product of both hedonic and homeostatic drives with the need to balance energy stores still …
Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplements That Reduce Brain Serotonin During Exercise In Rats Also Lower Brain Catecholamines, Sujean Choi, Briana Disilvio, Madelyn H. Fernstrom, John D. Fernstrom
Oral Branched-Chain Amino Acid Supplements That Reduce Brain Serotonin During Exercise In Rats Also Lower Brain Catecholamines, Sujean Choi, Briana Disilvio, Madelyn H. Fernstrom, John D. Fernstrom
Biomedical Sciences Faculty Research and Publications
Exercise raises brain serotonin release and is postulated to cause fatigue in athletes; ingestion of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA), by competitively inhibiting tryptophan transport into brain, lowers brain tryptophan uptake and serotonin synthesis and release in rats, and reputedly in humans prevents exercise-induced increases in serotonin and fatigue. This latter effect in humans is disputed. But BCAA also competitively inhibit tyrosine uptake into brain, and thus catecholamine synthesis and release. Since increasing brain catecholamines enhances physical performance, BCAA ingestion could lower catecholamines, reduce performance and thus negate any serotonin-linked benefit. We therefore examined in rats whether BCAA would reduce both …