Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Treating A Public Health Crisis For Rural Moms – A Comparative Analysis Of Four Rural States Addressing Maternal Opioid Misuse With Medicaid Innovation Models, Jason Semprini

Online Journal of Rural Research & Policy

Objective As we enter the third decade of the opioid crisis, opioid misuse continues its devastating toll on young women, specifically mothers on Medicaid in rural areas. The evolving Medicaid policy landscape has led to coverage and benefit expansion, yet gaps remain for pregnant women with opioid misuse. Further, the myriad of state specific policy decisions related to maternal eligibility and substance abuse benefits have created a seemingly disjoint policy arena for tackling a specific subgroup’s unmet needs. This policy scan aims to investigate the newly implemented 1115 demonstration model for Maternal Opioid Misuse by comparing the approaches of four …

Online Health Information Seeking Behaviors And Infant Feeding Practices: A Social Cognitive Theory Perspective, Yexinyu Yang, Kathryn Krupsky, Sarah Keim, Rebecca Mcadams, Kristin Roberts, Lara Mckenzie

Health Behavior Research

Breastfeeding benefits infants, but support is often needed to meet breastfeeding goals. Social media may help disseminate infant feeding information to caregivers. The relationship between parents’ health information-seeking behaviors (HISB) on social media and infant feeding practices remains understudied. Based on social cognitive theory (SCT), parents’ self-efficacy and outcome expectations are two potential factors for improving online HISB. We aimed to use SCT to describe associations between outcome expectations, self-efficacy (eHealth literacy), and online HISB across infant feeding groups among a nationally representative sample of U.S. parents. Eligible participants (N = 580) completed a cross-sectional online survey assessing infant …

Is Fitspiration Truly An Inspiration? Relationships Between Fitspiration, Exercise, And Body Image, Anna K. Bowles, Shana M. Walsh, Thomas L. Andre

Health Behavior Research

Young adults across the United States struggle to meet physical activity recommendations and consume healthy diets, and they often suffer from issues related to body image. Social media influencers dedicated to fitspiration (i.e., fitness inspiration) are purported to have a goal of inspiring others to lead healthier lifestyles. The purpose of this study was to explore the relationships between fitspiration and exercise and body image perceptions amongst college students. Participants (n = 361, mean age = 20.2 years, 78% female) completed surveys that included sociodemographic information, social media usage, fitspiration content engagement, exercise, and body satisfaction. An independent samples …

Social Media Use And Covid-19: A Cross-Sectional Study Examining Health Behaviors, Knowledge, And Mental Health Among University Of Nevada, Reno Students, Molly M. Hagen, Sarah Y.T. Hartzell, Paul G. Devereux

Health Behavior Research

Reliance on social media for health information is widespread, yet impacts of social media use (SMU) on health behaviors during infectious disease pandemics are poorly understood. We used a random sample from a university student directory to invite students to take a cross-sectional online survey during the coronavirus pandemic. Survey questions assessed adherence to public health guidelines, knowledge of COVID-19/SARS-CoV2, and mental health symptoms. Students were classified based on their level of SMU for information on COVID-19 as: (1) none, (2) some use, or (3) main source. Weighted regressions were used to relate SMU to adherence (five-point scale) and knowledge …

Leveraging Health Behavior And Communication Theories To Support Adolescent And Young Adults: Conceptualizing Social Media Wellness In Relation To Disordered Eating, Elizabeth A. Claydon, Keith Zullig, Mary M. Step

Health Behavior Research

Social media platforms like Instagram serve as an important mechanism for transmitting social information and influence. However, the nature and use of these platforms are known to perpetuate eating disorders (EDs) or further disorder eating symptoms. This concept paper proposes merging health behavior and communication theory to create a comprehensive and applicable framework for remediating pro-eating disorder social media content among people who have eating disorders. To this end, the Social Media Wellness Model, which is adapted from the Health Belief Model, the Uses and Gratifications approach, the MAIN model of media affordances, and media literacy training, is proposed. This …

College Students’ Use Of Social Media And E-Cigarettes: How Correctly Identifying Platform Type Influences Findings, Christopher M. Dunlap Ii, Yu Lu, Page D. Dobbs, Nisha Khanal, Julia S. Oehlers, Marshall K. Cheney

Health Behavior Research

The purpose of this study was to examine how college students post or share JUUL-related content on social media. Using a sequential explanatory mixed-methods design, current JUUL users (n = 667) completed a cross-sectional survey in March of 2019, then 51 participants completed in-person follow-up interviews in April of 2019. Survey questions asked about JUUL-related social media postings and commenting history as well as demographic questions. Interview participants were asked to explain their survey responses and were then shown the survey results and asked for reasons why they and others did not post or comment about JUUL on social …

An Observational Analysis Of ‘Me Too’ Narratives From Youtube, Jordan L. Nelon, Mandy N. Spadine, Meg S. Patterson, Sydney E. Brown, Christina L. Bookout, Lauren M. Woods, Sara K. Fehr

Health Behavior Research

The ‘me too’ movement originated to help survivors of sexual violence by providing resources and building a community of advocates to exemplify the magnitude of sexual violence victimization. This movement gained momentum via Twitter due to the viral hashtag—#metoo. YouTube is often used as a means of expression in younger generations, thus sexual violence survivors began using the platform as a way to disseminate ‘me too’ narratives. Therefore, this study aimed to examine how sexual violence narratives resulting from the ‘me too’ movement are being told on YouTube and understand the components of the narratives related to self-blaming mindsets. Based …

Screening For Heavy Metals In Tea Leaves From Bangladesh Using X-Ray Fluorescence, Amber Wolf

Crossing Borders: A Multidisciplinary Journal of Undergraduate Scholarship

Trace metal contamination is a global health issue. This study evaluated boxed and loose-leaf tea from Bangladesh using a Handheld X-ray Fluorescence (XRF) analyzer for lead and other metals to rapidly screen tea as a potential hot spot of heavy metal exposure. Of the 33 elements measured, several priority pollutants were below the limit of detection (LOD) in all samples, including lead (LOD 2.17 mg/kg) and arsenic (LOD 1.68 mg/kg). Loose-leaf tea samples had higher copper (1.5-fold), zinc (1.3-fold), and manganese (1.8-fold) concentrations compared to boxed tea. Estimated daily intake (EDI) of lead from tea was calculated using three assumed …

The Case Of The Dream Maker: Perec, Pontalis, And Dream Writing, Aubrey Gabel

Studies in 20th & 21st Century Literature

This article considers Georges Perec’s La Boutique obscure as a literary experiment in dream writing, by putting it in dialogue with French Freudianism, notably the clinical papers of J.-B. Pontalis, Perec’s long-time psychoanalyst. Pontalis describes a patient type, the "dream maker,” who provokes an extreme case of counter-transference and requires new methods in dream therapy. Pontalis, like many of Perec’s literary critics, was suspicious of the authenticity of Perec's dream journal and denied it both therapeutic and literary status. This article reinserts La Boutique obscure into Perec’s literary program. Through a discussion of the text's formal attributes and its sociological …

Who Should Decide? Decision-Making Preferences For Primary Hpv Testing For Cervical Cancer Screening Among U.S. Women, Erika L. Thompson, Ashvita Garg, Katharine J. Head, Stacey B. Griner, Annalynn M. Galvin, Tracey E. Barnett

Health Behavior Research

Revised U.S. guidelines for cervical cancer screening provide the option of primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing, Pap testing, or co-testing. Primary HPV testing has not yet been an option for American women, and women may be reluctant to change screening methods. The purpose of this study was to assess correlates of women’s preferences for primary HPV testing decision-making (self, provider, or shared) for cervical cancer screening. Women, aged 30-65, completed an online survey in June of 2018 (n = 812). The outcome variable was preference for decision-making for an HPV test instead of a Pap test on a scale …

Beliefs About Social Distancing During Covid-19 Stay-At-Home Orders: A Theory-Based Salient Belief Elicitation, Christopher Owens, Nicole Struble, Joseph M. Currin, Zachary Giano, Randolph D. Hubach

Health Behavior Research

Understanding the beliefs about social distancing behaviors is required to inform 2019 coronavirus disease (COVID-19) interventions that are based on theory, research, and evidence. This study investigated the salient beliefs related to social distancing. United States adults (n = 106) recruited from Amazon’s Mechanical Turk completed an online reasoned action approach belief elicitation from April 19 to April 25, 2020. Behavioral beliefs (advantages and disadvantages), normative beliefs (approvers and disapprovers), and control beliefs (facilitators and barriers) related to social distancing were elicited via open-ended questions. A content analysis was performed, and kappa statistics revealed high levels of interrater reliability …

Health Vulnerability Model For Latinx Sexual And Gender Minorities: Typologies With Socioeconomic Stability, Health Care Access, And Social Characteristics Indicators, Alice Ma, Jennifer Toller Erausquin, Amanda E. Tanner, Eunyoung Y. Song, Manuel Garcia, Jorge Alonzo, Lilli Mann-Jackson, Scott D. Rhodes

Health Behavior Research

Vulnerability can undermine positive health outcomes and challenge healthcare services access. However, to date, vulnerable populations research has been limited by overly broad definitions, lack of clear indicators, and failure to explore subtypes of vulnerability. Informed by literature and theory, this analysis used a specific operationalization of health vulnerability to identify typologies among a sample of Latinx sexual and gender minorities. We analyzed baseline data from Latinx sexual and gender minorities (N = 186) recruited for a community-based HIV intervention. We performed latent class analysis to operationalize vulnerability using eight socioeconomic stability, health care access, and social characteristics indicators. …

Physical Activity Behavior Comparisons Between Adults With And Without Type 1 Diabetes, Cassandra M. Beattie, Jesse A. Stein, Katie Heinrich

Health Behavior Research

Physical activity (PA) is a widely accepted strategy to manage chronic diseases like type 1 diabetes; however, unique PA barriers likely result in lower PA levels among person(s) with type 1 diabetes (PWT1D), compared to person(s) without type 1 diabetes (PWOT1D). The integrated theory of health behavior change (ITHBC) (i.e., knowledge/beliefs, self-regulation, and self-management) provides a helpful framework for understanding PA and other health behaviors. This research aimed to determine differences in PA between adult PWT1D and PWOT1D, and characterize their PA-related behaviors using the ITHBC. Participants (N = 90; 86.7% female, 90% white) were recruited via social media …

Prevalence And Distribution Of African Swine Fever Virus In Swine Feed After Mixing And Feed Batch Sequencing, C. Grace Elijah, Jessie D. Trujillo, Cassandra K. Jones, Taeyong Kwon, Charles R. Stark, Konner R. Cool, Chad B. Paulk, Natasha N. Gaudreault, Jason C. Woodworth, Igor Morozov, Carmina Gallardo, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jurgen A. Richt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

As the United States maintains trade with countries where African swine fever virus (ASFV) is endemic, it is critical to have methods that can detect and mitigate the risk of ASFV in potentially contaminated feed or ingredients. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate feed batch sequencing as a mitigation technique for ASFV contamination in a feed mill, and 2) determine if a feed sampling method could identify ASFV following experimental inoculation. Batches of feed were manufactured in a BSL-3Ag room at Kansas State University’s Biosafety Research Institute in Manhattan, KS. First, the pilot feed manufacturing system …

Detection And Investigation Of Atypical Porcine Pestivirus Within A Breed-To-Finish Farm And Off-Site Nursery And Finisher Locations, C. Grace Elijah, Cassandra K. Jones, Jason C. Woodworth, Rachel Palinski, Chad B. Paulk, Tom Petznick, Jordan T. Gebhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Atypical porcine pestivirus (APPV) has been associated with congenital tremors (CT) and splay leg (SL) in piglets of infected dams. The major cost of this virus is the increased pre-weaning mortality due to CT or SL interfering with the piglet’s ability to nurse and move around the farrowing stall. A commercial farrow-to-finish farm with replacement gilts coming from an off-site genetic multiplier farm, and semen delivery from a commercial boar stud began to see an increase of CT and SL in the farrowing room in early 2020. Diagnostics on clinically affected pigs’ samples identified APPV RNA and no other suspected …

Trends In The Percentage Of Doses Of Modified Live, Killed, And Combination Respiratory Viral Vaccines Administered To Beef Calves Offered For Sale In Summer Video Auctions From 2000 Through 2018, M. J. Smith, K. E. Fike, M. E. King, E. D. Mccabe, G. M. Rogers, K. G. Odde

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Objective:The objective of the study was to identify trends in the percentage of doses of modified live, killed, and combination respiratory viral vaccines administered to lots of beef calves.

Study Description:Nineteen years of data (2000–2018) from a livestock video auction service (Superior Livestock Auction, Fort Worth, TX) were analyzed to quantify trends in percentage of doses of respiratory viral vaccine administered to beef calves. Named respiratory viral vaccines were classified into three groups based on the antigens they contained: all modified live antigens, all killed antigens, and combination of modified live and killed antigens. The Cochran-Armitage Trend Test …

The Effect Of Live Yeast And Yeast Extracts Included In Lactation Diets On Antimicrobial Susceptibility Of Fecal Escherichia Coli In Sows, Jenna A. Chance, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. Derouchey, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Victor Ishengoma, T. G. Nagaraja, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Qing Kang, Joseph A. Loughmiller, Brian Hotze

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 27 sows (Line 241; DNA Genetics) were used in a study to evaluate the effect of feeding live yeast and yeast extracts to lactating sows on antimicrobial susceptibilities of fecalE. coli. Sows were blocked by BW and parity on d 110 of gestation and allotted to 1 of 2 dietary treatments. Dietary treatments consisted of a standard corn-soybean meal lactation diet or a diet that contained yeast-based pre- and probiotics (0.10% Actisaf Sc 47 HR+ and 0.025% SafMannan; Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI). Diets were fed from d 110 of gestation until weaning (approximately d …

Quantification Of Semi-Truck Cab Decontamination, C. Grace Elijah, Cassandra K. Jones, Caitlin Evans, Haley K. Wecker, Charles R. Stark, Jianfa Bai, Elizabeth G. Poulsen-Porter, Allison K. Blomme, Jason C. Woodworth, Chad B. Paulk, Jordan T. Gebhardt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Evidence suggests that the inside of vehicle cabs used for feed delivery may serve as a potential source for disease, yet there are no standardized protocols or scientific evidence for methods of their disinfection. Therefore, the objective of this project was to evaluate commercially available disinfectants and disinfection application methods against PEDV and PRRSV on various surfaces within semi-truck cabs. Three different surface types common in vehicle cabs (fabric, plastic, and rubber) were cut into 4 × 4 inch coupons and inoculated with either PEDV or PRRSV. Once inoculated, surfaces were placed in one of 3 semi-truck cabs and the …

Prevalence And Distribution Of African Swine Fever Virus In Swine Feed After Mixing And Feed Batch Sequencing, C. Grace Elijah, Jessie D. Trujillo, Cassandra K. Jones, Taeyong Kwon, Charles R. Stark, Konner R. Cool, Chad B. Paulk, Natasha N. Gaudreault, Jason C. Woodworth, Igor Morozov, Carmen Gallardo, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Jurgen A. Richt

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

As the United States maintains trade with countries where African swine fever virus (ASFV) is endemic, it is critical to have methods that can detect and mitigate the risk of ASFV in potentially contaminated feed or ingredients. Therefore, the objectives of this study were to 1) evaluate feed batch sequencing as a mitigation technique for ASFV contamination in a feed mill, and 2) determine if a feed sampling method could identify ASFV following experimental inoculation. Batches of feed were manufactured in a BSL-3Ag room at Kansas State University’s Biosafety Research Institute in Manhattan, KS. First, the pilot feed manufacturing system …

Effect Of Benzoic Acid And Essential Oil Blends On Viral Load In Swine Feed And Vitamin Premix, Allison K. Blomme, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Cassandra K. Jones, Jason C. Woodworth, Elizabeth G. Poulsen Porter, Jianfa Bai, Chad B. Paulk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Feed has been shown to harbor viable virus of interest to swine producers over an extended period of time. The use of mitigants and kill steps have been investigated with variable results. This study investigated the use of benzoic acid (BA) and an essential oil blend (EO) to mitigate the presence of porcine epidemic diarrhea virus (PEDV), porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus (PRRSV), and Senecavirus A (SVA) in a complete diet (Exp. 1) and a vitamin premix (Exp. 2). Four treatments consisting of 0.5% BA; 0.5% BA and 200 ppm EO; 0.3% BA and 120 ppm EO; and 0.25% …

Feed Mitigant Efficacy For Control Of Porcine Epidemic Diarrhea Virus And Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus When Inoculated Alone Or Together In Feed, C. Grace Elijah, Gage E. Nichols, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Cassandra K. Jones, Jason C. Woodworth, Steve S. Dritz, Jianfa Bai, Joe W. Anderson, Elizabeth G. Poulsen Porter, Aaron Singrey, Chad B. Paulk

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

Research has demonstrated that swine feed can be a fomite for viral transmission and feed additives can reduce viral contamination. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate two feed additives in feed contaminated with PEDV or PRRSV. Feed additives included: no treatment, 0.33% commercial formaldehyde-based product, and 0.50% medium chain fatty acids (MCFA) blend. Feed samples were inoculated with PEDV and PRRSV alone or together at an inoculation concentration of 10⁶TCID₅₀/g for each virus. Once inoculated, feed was stored at room temperature for 24 h before analyzing via qRT-PCR. For samples inoculated with PEDV …

Effects Of Live Yeast And Yeast Extracts With And Without Pharmacological Levels Of Zinc On Antimicrobial Susceptibilities Of Fecal Escherichia Coli In Nursery Pigs, Jenna A. Chance, Jordan T. Gebhardt, Joel M. Derouchey, Raghavendra G. Amachawadi, Victor Ishengoma, T. G. Nagaraja, Qing Kang, Mike D. Tokach, Jason C. Woodworth, Robert D. Goodband, Joseph A. Loughmiller

Kansas Agricultural Experiment Station Research Reports

A total of 360 weanling barrows (Line 200 × 400, DNA Genetics; initial BW 12.4 ± 0.05 lb) were used in a 42-d study to evaluate yeast-based pre- and probiotics (Phileo by Lesaffre, Milwaukee, WI) in diets with or without pharmacological levels of Zn on antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns of fecalEscherichia coli. Pens were assigned to 1 of 4 dietary treatments with 5 pigs per pen and 18 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments were arranged in a 2 × 2 factorial with main effects of live yeast-based pre- and probiotics (none vs. 0.10% ActiSafSc 47 HR+, 0.05% SafMannan, …