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Clinical Applications Of Direct Cortical Stimulation During Awake Craniotomies. Commentary On Passive Functional Mapping Using Infrared Thermography In Epilepsy Awake Surgery., Ramiro Antonio Perez De La Torre, Ramanathan Siddarth, Pérez Ramírez Pedro, Santiago Noé

Archives of Neurosurgery

As clinicians, we rely on various imaging methods to identify abnormal brain lesions. We can distinguish this myriad of neurological disorders by using imaging alone or together with either or both electrophysiological monitoring and direct cortical stimulation. This last alternative is the most frequently used approach to diagnosing brain lesions requiring awake craniotomies for adequate management. Awake craniotomies have become the standard of care for focal lesions, including vascular malformations like cavernous angiomas, intrinsic brain tumors, gliomas, vasculitic brain lesions, postinfectious brain lesions, brain metastasis, and also for epilepsy surgery. Surgery for epileptic patients requires multidisciplinary team interactions and a …