Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Case Of Retroperitoneal Fibrosis Secondary To Chronic Periaortitis, Mariam Omar, Naushad Karim, Saeed Samnakay

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Retroperitoneal fibrosis is a rare inflammatory disorder causing increased fibrotic deposition in the retroperitoneum, often leading to ureteral obstruction. We present a case report of a 33-year-old male with 2-month history of back pain. Initial imaging showed thickening around the infrarenal aorta. Six months later the patient presented with renal failure; a CT abdomen revealed extensive soft tissue mass around the aorta resulting in ureteral obstruction. Histology results of biopsy of the soft tissue mass revealed retroperitoneal fibrosis. It is important for clinicians to treat periaortitis early as this can prevent progression to retroperitoneal fibrosis which can cause severe secondary …

Bone Scintigraphy Imaging Of Cardiac Amyloidosis, Issa Menge Kuria, Samuel Gitau, Khalid Makhdomi

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Transthyretin-related cardiac amyloidosis (ATTR) amyloidosis is an aggressive, rapidly progressive, and fatal disease, for which several promising therapies are in development. This condition is frequently underdiagnosed because of the limited specificity of echocardiography and the traditional requirement for histological diagnosis. It is well known that 99mtechnetium-labeled bone scan radiotracers can localize in the myocardial amyloid deposits, but the use of this imaging modality to differentiate between the two subtypes has only lately been revisited. We report a case of a 76-year-old man with a clinical diagnosis of amyloidosis who underwent a bone scan that had features of ATTR amyloidosis. To …

First Africa Non-Communicable Disease Research Conference 2017: Sharing Evidence And Identifying Research Priorities, Kenneth Juma, Pamela A. Juma, Shukri F. Mohamed, Jared Owuor, Ann Wanyoike, David Mulabi, George Odinya, Maureen Njeru, Gerald Yonga

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Non-communicable diseases (NCDs) prevalence is rising fastest in lower income settings, and with more devastating outcomes compared to High Income Countries (HICs). While evidence is consistent on the growing health and economic consequences of NCDs in sub-Saharan Africa (SSA), specific efforts aimed at addressing NCD prevention and control remain less than optimum and country level progress of implementing evidence backed cost-effective NCD prevention approaches such as tobacco taxation and restrictions on marketing of unhealthy food and drinks is slow. Similarly, increasing interest to employ multi-sectoral approaches (MSA) in NCD prevention and policy is impeded by scarce knowledge on the mechanisms …

Effect Of 10-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine On The Incidence Of Radiologically-Confirmed Pneumonia And Clinically-Defined Pneumonia In Kenyan Children: An Interrupted Time-Series Analysis, Micah Silaba, Michael Ooko, Christian Bottomley, Joyce Sande, Rachel Benamore, Kate Park, James Ignas, Kathryn Maitland, Neema Mturi, Anne Makumi

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Background: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccines (PCV) are highly protective against invasive pneumococcal disease caused by vaccine serotypes, but the burden of pneumococcal disease in low-income and middle-income countries is dominated by pneumonia, most of which is non-bacteraemic. We examined the effect of 10-valent PCV on the incidence of pneumonia in Kenya.

Methods: We linked prospective hospital surveillance for clinically-defined WHO severe or very severe pneumonia at Kilifi County Hospital, Kenya, from 2002 to 2015, to population surveillance at Kilifi Health and Demographic Surveillance System, comprising 45000 children younger than 5 years. Chest radiographs were read according to a WHO standard. A …

Comparison Of Quantitative Analysis To Qualitative Analysis For Interpretation Of Lower‑Limb Lymphoscintigraphy, Edward Nganga, Khalid Makhdomi

Imaging & Diagnostic Radiology, East Africa

Qualitative analysis of lymphoscintigrams is subject to wide variability and may miss subtle differences in ilioinguinal uptake between normal and abnormal limbs. This study compared quantitative analysis to qualitative analysis of lower‑limb lymphoscintigraphy in diagnosing lymphedema. Fifty‑two lymphoscintigrams performed using standardized protocol, 99‑metastable technetium nanocolloid intradermal injection at the first interdigital space, were analyzed quantitatively. Fifty‑three normal and 51 abnormal limbs were analyzed. For each limb, a region of interest (ROI) was drawn around the injection site, and ilioinguinal nodes on the 1.5 h static images and the counts in these ROIs were recorded. Percentage ilioinguinal nodes uptake was then …