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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Detection Of Typhoid Carriers By Duodenal Fluid Culture In A Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi: A Cross-Sectional Study, Sonia Qureshi, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Shafquat Rozi, Shahida Qureshi, Aneeta Hotwani, Kamran Sadiq, Om Parkash, Abdul Momin Kazi, Furqan Kabir, Hadi Usmani, Farah Naz Qamar
Detection Of Typhoid Carriers By Duodenal Fluid Culture In A Tertiary Care Hospital, Karachi: A Cross-Sectional Study, Sonia Qureshi, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Shafquat Rozi, Shahida Qureshi, Aneeta Hotwani, Kamran Sadiq, Om Parkash, Abdul Momin Kazi, Furqan Kabir, Hadi Usmani, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
We aimed to detect typhoid carriers by performing duodenal fluid culture in patients in a tertiary care hospital in Pakistan. A cross-sectional study was conducted during 2017 at the Aga Khan University Hospital, Karachi. Patients who underwent upper gastrointestinal endoscopy were included. Participants were interviewed, and duodenal fluid samples were taken for culture to detect Salmonella typhi (S. typhi) and paratyphi. A polymerase chain reaction on 100 randomly selected sub-samples was also conducted. A total of 477 participants were enrolled. The mean age was 42.4±15.5 years. History of typhoid fever was present in 73 (15.3%) participants. Out of the 477 …
A Review Of Toolkits And Case Definitions For Detecting Enteric Fever Outbreaks In Asian And African Countries From 1965-2019, Asif Khaliq, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Salman Haq, Rahima Yaseen, Sonia Qureshi, Fahad Rind, Zahra A. Padhani, Ayub Khan, Abdul Momin Kazi, Farah Naz Qamar
A Review Of Toolkits And Case Definitions For Detecting Enteric Fever Outbreaks In Asian And African Countries From 1965-2019, Asif Khaliq, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Salman Haq, Rahima Yaseen, Sonia Qureshi, Fahad Rind, Zahra A. Padhani, Ayub Khan, Abdul Momin Kazi, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: This review assessed the case definitions, diagnostic criteria, antimicrobial resistance, and methods used for enteric fever outbreaks and utilization of any unified outbreak score or checklist for early identification and response in Asia and Africa from 1965-2019.
Methods: We searched enteric fever outbreaks using PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane library. Studies describing a single outbreak event of enteric fever in Asia and Africa from 1965-2019 were reviewed. We excluded case reports, letter to editors, studies reporting typhoid in conjunction with other diseases, the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) trip reports, the World Health Organization (WHO) bulletins …
Enteric Fever, Buddha Basnyat, Farah Naz Qamar, Priscilla Rupali, Tahmeed Ahmed, Christopher M. Parry
Enteric Fever, Buddha Basnyat, Farah Naz Qamar, Priscilla Rupali, Tahmeed Ahmed, Christopher M. Parry
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
No abstract provided.
Burden Of Culture Confirmed Enteric Fever Cases In Karachi, Pakistan: Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project (Seap), 2016-2019, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Seema Irfan, Rozina Thobani, Abdul Momin Kazi, Aneeta Hotwani, Ashraf M. Memon, Khalid Iqbal, Saqib Hamid Qazi, Nasir S. Saddal, Najeeb Rehman, Irum Fatima Dehraj, Mohammed J. Hunzai, Junaid Mehmood, Farah Naz Qamar
Burden Of Culture Confirmed Enteric Fever Cases In Karachi, Pakistan: Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project (Seap), 2016-2019, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Seema Irfan, Rozina Thobani, Abdul Momin Kazi, Aneeta Hotwani, Ashraf M. Memon, Khalid Iqbal, Saqib Hamid Qazi, Nasir S. Saddal, Najeeb Rehman, Irum Fatima Dehraj, Mohammed J. Hunzai, Junaid Mehmood, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: The Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) is a multicenter, multicountry study conducted in Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. The objectives of the study were to characterize disease incidence among patients with enteric fever. We report the burden of enteric fever at selected sites of Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: During September 2016 to September 2019, prospective surveillance was conducted at inpatient, outpatient, surgical departments, and laboratory networks of Aga Khan University Hospital, Kharadar General Hospital, and surgery units of National Institute of Child Health and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from all suspected …
Response Of Extensively Drug Resistant Salmonella Typhi To Treatment With Meropenem And Azithromycin, In Pakistan, Sonia Qureshi, Abdullah B. Naveed, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Khalil Ahmad, Sarwat Ansari, Heeramani Lohana, Aiman Mukhtar, Farah Naz Qamar
Response Of Extensively Drug Resistant Salmonella Typhi To Treatment With Meropenem And Azithromycin, In Pakistan, Sonia Qureshi, Abdullah B. Naveed, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Khalil Ahmad, Sarwat Ansari, Heeramani Lohana, Aiman Mukhtar, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Introduction: Salmonella Typhi is one of the leading health problems in Pakistan. With the emergence of extensively drug resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi, treatment options are limited. Here we report the clinical manifestations and the response to treatment of patients with XDR Typhoid fever. The patients were treated with either Meropenem or Azithromycin or a combination of both.
Methods: We reviewed the records of culture confirmed XDR typhoid who visited Aga Khan University Hospital (AKUH), Karachi and Aga Khan Secondary Care Hospital, Hyderabad from April 2017 to June 2018. Symptoms developed during disease, unplanned treatment extension and complications developed while on …
The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project (Seap), Severe Typhoid Fever Surveillance In Africa (Seta), Surveillance Of Enteric Fever In India (Sefi), And Strategic Typhoid Alliance Across Africa And Asia (Strataa) Population-Based Enteric Fever Studies: A Review Of Methodological Similarities And Differences, Megan E. Carey, William R. Macwrigh, Justin Im, James E. Meiring, Malick M. Gibani, Se Eun Park, Ashley Longley, Hyon Jin Jeon, Caitlin Hemlock, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai
The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project (Seap), Severe Typhoid Fever Surveillance In Africa (Seta), Surveillance Of Enteric Fever In India (Sefi), And Strategic Typhoid Alliance Across Africa And Asia (Strataa) Population-Based Enteric Fever Studies: A Review Of Methodological Similarities And Differences, Megan E. Carey, William R. Macwrigh, Justin Im, James E. Meiring, Malick M. Gibani, Se Eun Park, Ashley Longley, Hyon Jin Jeon, Caitlin Hemlock, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Building on previous multicountry surveillance studies of typhoid and others salmonelloses such as the Diseases of the Most Impoverished program and the Typhoid Surveillance in Africa Project, several ongoing blood culture surveillance studies are generating important data about incidence, severity, transmission, and clinical features of invasive Salmonella infections in sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia. These studies are also characterizing drug resistance patterns in their respective study sites. Each study answers a different set of research questions and employs slightly different methodologies, and the geographies under surveillance differ in size, population density, physician practices, access to healthcare facilities, and access to …
A Race Against Time: Reduced Azithromycin Susceptibility In Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi In Pakistan, Junaid Iqbal, Irum Fatima Dehraj, Megan E. Carey, Zoe A. Dyson, Denise Garrett, Jessica C. Seidman, Furqan Kabir, Senjuti Saha, Stephen Baker, Farah Naz Qamar
A Race Against Time: Reduced Azithromycin Susceptibility In Salmonella Enterica Serovar Typhi In Pakistan, Junaid Iqbal, Irum Fatima Dehraj, Megan E. Carey, Zoe A. Dyson, Denise Garrett, Jessica C. Seidman, Furqan Kabir, Senjuti Saha, Stephen Baker, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Antimicrobial resistance is an ongoing issue in the treatment of typhoid fever. Resistance to first-line antimicrobials and extensively drug resistant (XDR) Salmonella Typhi isolates in Pakistan have left azithromycin as the only remaining effective oral treatment. Here, we report the emergence of organisms with a single point mutation in acrB gene, implicated in azithromycin resistance, in a S. Typhi isolate from Pakistan. The isolation of this organism is worrisome and highlights the significance of the introduction of typhoid conjugate vaccine in South Asia.
Importance: The emergence of XDR Salmonella Typhi in Pakistan has left azithromycin as the only viable oral …
Schools As Potential Vaccination Venue For Vaccines Outside Regular Epi Schedule: Results From A School Census In Pakistan., Sajid Bashir Soofi, Inam-Ul Haq, M. Imran Khan, Muhammad Bilal Siddiqui, Mushtaq Mirani, Rehman Tahir, Imtiaz Hussain, Mahesh K Puri, Zamir Hussain Suhag, Asif R Khowaja, Abdul Razzaq Lasi, John D Clemens, Michael Favorov, R. Leon Ochiai, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Schools As Potential Vaccination Venue For Vaccines Outside Regular Epi Schedule: Results From A School Census In Pakistan., Sajid Bashir Soofi, Inam-Ul Haq, M. Imran Khan, Muhammad Bilal Siddiqui, Mushtaq Mirani, Rehman Tahir, Imtiaz Hussain, Mahesh K Puri, Zamir Hussain Suhag, Asif R Khowaja, Abdul Razzaq Lasi, John D Clemens, Michael Favorov, R. Leon Ochiai, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Vaccines are the most effective public health intervention. Expanded Program on Immunization (EPI) provides routine vaccination in developing countries. However, vaccines that cannot be given in EPI schedule such as typhoid fever vaccine need alternative venues. In areas where school enrolment is high, schools provide a cost effective opportunity for vaccination. Prior to start of a school-based typhoid vaccination program, interviews were conducted with staff of educational institutions in two townships of Karachi, Pakistan to collect baseline information about the school system and to plan a typhoid vaccination program. Data collection teams administered a structured questionnaire to all schools …
Fluoroquinolones For Treating Typhoid And Paratyphoid Fever (Enteric Fever), Durrane Thaver, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Julia A. Critchley, Asma Azmatullah, Syed Ali Madni, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Fluoroquinolones For Treating Typhoid And Paratyphoid Fever (Enteric Fever), Durrane Thaver, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Julia A. Critchley, Asma Azmatullah, Syed Ali Madni, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Fluoroquinolones are recommended as first-line therapy for typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever), but how they compare with other antibiotics and different fluoroquinolones is unclear.
Objectives: To evaluate fluoroquinolone antibiotics for treating enteric fever in children and adults compared with other antibiotics, different fluoroquinolones, and different durations of fluoroquinolone treatment.
Search strategy: In November 2007, we searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 4), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, mRCT, conference proceedings, and reference lists.
Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials of fluoroquinolones in people with blood or bone marrow culture-confirmed enteric fever.
Data collection …
Chloramphenicol Therapy Of Typhoid Fever, Z A. Bhutta, S H. Naqvi, S Durrani, A Suria
Chloramphenicol Therapy Of Typhoid Fever, Z A. Bhutta, S H. Naqvi, S Durrani, A Suria
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
In a prospective study we compared two different dosage regimens of IV chloramphenicol succinate (100 mg/kg/day and 75 mg/kg/day) in children with culture proven typhoid. Trough and peak blood samples, obtained at 48 hrs, were analysed for free chloramphenicol by high pressure liquid chromatography (HPLC). Although the mean trough (8.8 +/- 7.7 versus 5.4 +/- 2.6 mcg/ml) and peak (19.9 +/- 12.2 versus 15.4 +/- 6.1 mcg/ml) chloramphenicol concentrations were comparable in both groups, a significantly wider range was found in the group receiving 100 mg/kg/day. Potentially toxic levels (greater than 30 mcg/ml) developed in two patients with liver dysfunction. …