Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Perspectives From Public Health Practitioners And Advocates On Community Development For Active Living: What Are The Lasting Impacts?, Natalicio Serrano, Laurel Schmidt, Amy A Eyler, Ross C Brownson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

PURPOSE: Evidence suggests differential impacts of community development, including gentrification and displacement. Public health practitioners and advocates are key stakeholders involved in the community development process related to active living, yet little is known about their perceptions of its impacts. We explored the perspectives of relevant leaders of public health departments and key community and advocacy organizations on community development, gentrification, and displacement.

APPROACH: Purposive key informant interviews.

SETTING: CDC State Physical Activity and Nutrition (SPAN) funding recipients.

PARTICIPANTS: CDC SPAN recipient leadership (n = 10 of 16) and advocacy organizations they partnered with (n = 7 of 16).

METHOD: …

Dual Task Measures In Older Adults With And Without Cognitive Impairment: Response To Simultaneous Cognitive-Exercise Training And Minimal Clinically Important Difference Estimates, I-Chen Chen, I-Ching Chuang, Ku-Chou Chang, Chih-Hung Chang, Ching-Yi Wu

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Responsiveness and minimal clinically important difference (MCID) are critical indices to understand whether observed improvement represents a meaningful improvement after intervention. Although simultaneous cognitive-exercise training (SCET; e.g., performing memory tasks while cycling) has been suggested to enhance the cognitive function of older adults, responsiveness and MCID have not been established. Hence, we aimed to estimate responsiveness and MCIDs of two dual task performance involving cognition and hand function in older adults with and without cognitive impairment and to compare the differences in responsiveness and MCIDs of the two dual task performance between older adults with and without cognitive impairment. …

Associations Of Combined Physical Activity And Body Mass Index Groups With Colorectal Cancer Survival Outcomes, Caroline Himbert, Matthew G Mutch, Corey Bernadt, Adetunji T Toriola, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Physical activity and BMI have been individually associated with cancer survivorship but have not yet been studied in combinations in colorectal cancer patients. Here, we investigate individual and combined associations of physical activity and BMI groups with colorectal cancer survival outcomes.

METHODS: Self-reported physical activity levels (MET hrs/wk) were assessed using an adapted version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) at baseline in 931 patients with stage I-III colorectal cancer and classified into 'highly active' and'not-highly active'(≥ / < 18 MET hrs/wk). BMI (kg/m

RESULTS: 'Not-highly active' compared to 'highly active' and 'overweight'/ 'obese' compared to 'normal weight' patients had a 40-50% increased risk …

Prospective Associations Between Accelerometry-Derived Physical Activity And Sedentary Behaviors And Mortality Among Cancer Survivors, Elizabeth A Salerno, Pedro F Saint-Maurice, Fei Wan, Lindsay L Peterson, Yikyung Park, Yin Cao, Ryan P Duncan, Richard P Troiano, Charles E Matthews

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Survival benefits of self-reported recreational physical activity (PA) during cancer survivorship are well-documented in common cancer types, yet there are limited data on the associations between accelerometer-derived PA of all domains, sedentary behavior, and mortality in large, diverse cohorts of cancer survivors.

METHODS: Participants included adults who reported a cancer diagnosis in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey and wore an accelerometer for up to 7 days in 2003-2006. Participants were followed for subsequent mortality through 2015. We examined the association of light PA, moderate to vigorous PA, total PA, and sedentary behavior, with all-cause mortality. Cox proportional …

Lifestyle Intervention In Ovarian Cancer Enhanced Survival (Lives) Study (Nrg/Gog0225): Recruitment, Retention And Baseline Characteristics Of A Randomized Trial Of Diet And Physical Activity In Ovarian Cancer Survivors, Cynthia A Thomson, Matthew Powell, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: The Lifestyle Intervention for oVarian cancer Enhanced Survival (LIVES) is a national study of a combined diet and physical activity intervention for stage II-IV ovarian cancer survival, an under-represented cancer in lifestyle behavioral intervention research. Here, we present the data on recruitment, retention, and baseline demographic, clinical and lifestyle behavior characteristics of the LIVES study participants.

METHODS: The LIVES study (NRG Oncology/GOG 0225) is a Phase III diet plus physical activity intervention trial testing the hypothesis that ovarian cancer survivors in the lifestyle intervention will demonstrate better progression-free survival than those in the control condition. Study interventions were delivered …

Vigorous-Intensity Exercise As A Modulator Of Cardiac Adipose Tissue In Women With Obesity: A Cross-Sectional And Randomized Pilot Study, Sumsen Thapa, Bharath S Selvaraj, Paige N Davis, Bryan Smith, Amy H Givan, Jose A Perez-Rivera, Pamela K Woodard, Jon D Klingensmith, Maria Fernandez-Del-Valle

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Cardiac adipose tissue (CAT) has become an important target for the reduction of disease risk. Supervised exercise programs have shown potential to "significantly" reduce CAT; however, the impact of different exercise modalities is not clear, and the relationships between CAT, physical activity (PA) levels and fitness (PFit) remain unknown. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to analyze the relationships between CAT, PA and PFit, and to explore the effects of different exercise modalities in a group of women with obesity. A total of 26 women (age: 23.41 ± 5.78 years-old) were enrolled in the cross-sectional study. PA, cardiorespiratory fitness, …

Multilevel Correlates Of Domain-Specific Physical Activity Among Rural Adults - A Cross-Sectional Study, Alan M Beck, Natalicio H Serrano, Audrey Toler, Ross C Brownson

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Increasing physical activity (PA) in rural communities is a vital prevention tactic in multiple chronic diseases; however, little is known on the multilevel correlates of PA rural areas. A better understanding of domain-specific PA adds context for promoting PA in rural communities. The current study sought to determine factors associated with domain-specific and overall moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in rural communities.

METHODS: Surveys were conducted across 14 rural mid-Western communities, with the final analytical sample including 1241 adults (ages 19-96, M = 57.0 [SD = 16.7], 67.8% female, 83.8% white). Generalized linear models with negative binomial distributions examined the …

Shared Brain And Genetic Architectures Between Mental Health And Physical Activity, Wei Zhang, Sarah E Paul, Anderson Winkler, Ryan Bogdan, Janine D Bijsterbosch

2020-Current year OA Pubs

Physical activity is correlated with, and effectively treats various forms of psychopathology. However, whether biological correlates of physical activity and psychopathology are shared remains unclear. Here, we examined the extent to which the neural and genetic architecture of physical activity and mental health are shared. Using data from the UK Biobank (N = 6389), we applied canonical correlation analysis to estimate associations between the amplitude and connectivity strength of subnetworks of three major neurocognitive networks (default mode, DMN; salience, SN; central executive networks, CEN) with accelerometer-derived measures of physical activity and self-reported mental health measures (primarily of depression, anxiety disorders, …

The Heritage Family Study: A Review Of The Effects Of Exercise Training On Cardiometabolic Health, With Insights Into Molecular Transducers, Mark A Sarzynski, Treva K Rice, D C Rao, Et Al

2020-Current year OA Pubs

The aim of the HERITAGE Family Study was to investigate individual differences in response to a standardized endurance exercise program, the role of familial aggregation, and the genetics of response levels of cardiorespiratory fitness and cardiovascular disease and diabetes risk factors. Here we summarize the findings and their potential implications for cardiometabolic health and cardiorespiratory fitness. It begins with overviews of background and planning, recruitment, testing and exercise program protocol, quality control measures, and other relevant organizational issues. A summary of findings is then provided on cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise hemodynamics, insulin and glucose metabolism, lipid and lipoprotein profiles, adiposity and …

Prediagnosis Leisure-Time Physical Activity And Lung Cancer Survival: A Pooled Analysis Of 11 Cohorts, Jae Jeong Yang, Yikyung Park, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Little is known about the association between physical activity before cancer diagnosis and survival among lung cancer patients. In this pooled analysis of 11 prospective cohorts, we investigated associations of prediagnosis leisure-time physical activity (LTPA) with all-cause and lung cancer-specific mortality among incident lung cancer patients.

METHODS: Using self-reported data on regular engagement in exercise and sports activities collected at study enrollment, we assessed metabolic equivalent hours (MET-h) of prediagnosis LTPA per week. According to the Physical Activity Guidelines for Americans, prediagnosis LTPA was classified into inactivity, less than 8.3 and at least 8.3 MET-h per week (the minimum …

Effect Of Aerobic Or Resistance Exercise, Or Both, On Intermuscular And Visceral Fat And Physical And Metabolic Function In Older Adults With Obesity While Dieting, Debra L Waters, Lina Aguirre, Burke Gurney, David R Sinacore, Kenneth Fowler, Giulia Gregori, Reina Armamento-Villareal, Clifford Qualls, Dennis T Villareal

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Obesity exacerbates age-related effects on body composition and physical and metabolic function. Which exercise mode is most effective in mitigating these deleterious changes in dieting older adults with obesity is unknown.

METHODS: In a randomized controlled trial, we performed a head-to-head comparison of aerobic (AEX), resistance (REX), or combination (COMB) exercise during matched ~10% weight loss in 160 obese older adults. Prespecified analyses compared 6-month changes in intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT) and visceral adipose tissue (VAT) assessed using MRI, insulin sensitivity index (ISI) by oral glucose tolerance test, physical function using Modified Physical Performance Test (PPT), VO2peak, gait speed, …

Physical Activity And Fat-Free Mass During Growth And In Later Life, Klaas R Westerterp, Susan B Racette, Et Al.

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Physical activity may be a way to increase and maintain fat-free mass (FFM) in later life, similar to the prevention of fractures by increasing peak bone mass.

OBJECTIVES: A study is presented of the association between FFM and physical activity in relation to age.

METHODS: In a cross-sectional study, FFM was analyzed in relation to physical activity in a large participant group as compiled in the International Atomic Energy Agency Doubly Labeled Water database. The database included 2000 participants, age 3-96 y, with measurements of total energy expenditure (TEE) and resting energy expenditure (REE) to allow calculation of physical …

The Impact Of Covid-19 On Community-Based Exercise Classes For People With Parkinson Disease, Mark M Mañago, Laura A Swink, Emily R Hager, Robyn Gisbert, Gammon M Earhart, Cory L Christiansen, Margaret Schenkman

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: he purpose of the study was to determine the impact of novel coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) restrictions on community-based exercise classes for people with Parkinson disease (PD) and their instructors.

METHODS: Data were collected via custom-designed electronic surveys for people with PD and class instructors who reported attending or teaching PD-specific exercise class ≥1 time/week for ≥3 months prior to pandemic restrictions (March 2020). The PD group also completed the Godin Leisure-Time Questionnaire, Self-Efficacy for Exercise scale, Schwab-England scale, and Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire 8.

RESULTS: Eighty-seven people with PD (mean = 70 [7.3] years old) and 43 instructors (51 [12.1] …

White Matter Plasticity In Healthy Older Adults: The Effects Of Aerobic Exercise, Andrea Mendez Colmenares, Michelle W Voss, Jason Fanning, Elizabeth A Salerno, Neha P Gothe, Michael L Thomas, Edward Mcauley, Arthur F Kramer, Agnieszka Z Burzynska

2020-Current year OA Pubs

White matter deterioration is associated with cognitive impairment in healthy aging and Alzheimer's disease. It is critical to identify interventions that can slow down white matter deterioration. So far, clinical trials have failed to demonstrate the benefits of aerobic exercise on the adult white matter using diffusion Magnetic Resonance Imaging. Here, we report the effects of a 6-month aerobic walking and dance interventions (clinical trial NCT01472744) on white matter integrity in healthy older adults (n = 180, 60-79 years) measured by changes in the ratio of calibrated T1- to T2-weighted images (T1w/T2w). Specifically, the aerobic walking and social dance interventions …

Effects Of A Dvd-Delivered Randomized Controlled Physical Activity Intervention On Functional Health In Cancer Survivors, Elizabeth A Salerno, Neha P Gothe, Jason Fanning, Lindsay L Peterson, Graham A Colditz, Edward Mcauley

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: Supervised physical activity interventions improve functional health during cancer survivorship, but remain costly and inaccessible for many. We previously reported on the benefits of a DVD-delivered physical activity program (FlexToBa™) in older adults. This is a secondary analysis of the intervention effects among cancer survivors in the original sample.

METHODS: Low active, older adults who self-reported a history of cancer (N = 46; M time since diagnosis = 10.7 ± 9.4 years) participated in a 6-month, home-based physical activity intervention. Participants were randomized to either the DVD-delivered physical activity program focused on flexibility, toning, and balance (FlexToBa™; n = …

Deteriorated Regional Calf Microcirculation Measured By Contrast-Free Mri In Patients With Diabetes Mellitus And Relation With Physical Activity, Jie Zheng, Christopher Sorensen, Ran Li, Hongyu An, Charles F Hildebolt, Mohamed A Zayed, Michael J Mueller, Mary K Hastings

2020-Current year OA Pubs

OBJECTIVE: To evaluate regional calf muscle microcirculation in people with diabetes mellitus (DM) with and without foot ulcers, compared to healthy control people without DM, using contrast-free magnetic resonance imaging methods.

METHODS: Three groups of subjects were recruited: non-DM controls, DM, and DM with foot ulcers (DM + ulcer), all with ankle brachial index (ABI) > 0.9. Skeletal muscle blood flow (SMBF) and oxygen extraction fraction (SMOEF) in calf muscle were measured at rest and during a 5-min isometric ankle plantarflexion exercise. Subjects completed the Yale physical activity survey.

RESULTS: The exercise SMBF (ml/min/100 g) of the medial gastrocnemius muscle were …