Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Aspirin In The Primary Prevention Of Cardiovascular Disease, Briana Stephanie Murar

Doctor of Medical Science (DMSc)

For decades, people have prophylactically used aspirin (ASA), or acetylsalicylic acid, to mitigate their risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). The role of ASA as a means of secondary prevention for CVD is well established, however there are conflicting schools of thought as to whether or not it should be used as primary prophylaxis. While this indication has been studied for more than 30-years, questions remain pertaining to the risk of bleeding that is associated with ASA usage, which ranges from mild epistaxis to life threatening hemorrhage.1 Lifestyle and behavioral factors play a large role in a person’s CVD risk, however …

Associations Of Aspirin And Other Anti-Inflammatory Medications With Breast Cancer Risk By The Status Of Cox-2 Expression, Lusine Yaghjyan, A Heather Eliassen, Graham Colditz, Bernard Rosner, Pepper Schedin, Akemi Wijayabahu, Rulla M Tamimi

2020-Current year OA Pubs

BACKGROUND: We investigated the associations of aspirin and other nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) with breast cancer risk by the status of COX-2 protein expression.

METHODS: This study included 421 cases and 3,166 controls from a nested case-control study within the Nurses' Health Study (NHS) and Nurses' Health Study II (NHSII) cohorts. Information on medication use was first collected in 1980 (NHS) and 1989 (NHSII) and was updated biennially. Medication use was defined as none, past or current; average cumulative dose and frequency were calculated for all past or current users using data collected from all biannual questionnaires preceding the reference …

Low-Dose Aspirin For Venous Thromboembolism Prophylaxis Is Associated With Lower Rates Of Periprosthetic Joint Infection After Total Joint Arthroplasty, Farideh Najafi, Joseph K. Kendal, Nicholas V. Peterson, Kerri-Anne Ciesielka, Camilo Restrepo, Javad Parvizi, Nicholas M. Bernthal

Department of Orthopaedic Surgery Faculty Papers

BACKGROUND: Aspirin as a venous thromboembolism (VTE) prophylactic agent has been shown to have antistaphylococcal and antibiofilm roles. Optimal acetylsalicylic acid (ASA) dosage would facilitate antimicrobial effects while avoiding over-aggressive inhibition of platelet antimicrobial function. Our purpose was to determine the periprosthetic joint infection (PJI) rate after total joint arthroplasty in patients receiving low-dose ASA (81 mg twice a day), in comparison to high-dose ASA (325 mg twice a day).

METHODS: We conducted a retrospective cohort study between 2008 and 2020. Eligible patients were older than 18 years, underwent primary total joint arthroplasty, both total knee arthroplasty and total hip …

Evidence-Based Role Of Aspirin In Giant Cell Arteritis: A Literature Review, Anum Qureshi, Fatima Halilu, Sam W. Serafi, Howard Hauptman, Tristan Flack

Journal of Community Hospital Internal Medicine Perspectives

Giant cell arteritis (GCA), or temporal arteritis, is a medium to large vessel vasculitis seen in the elderly. Its presentation varies from fever of unknown origin to cranial ischemic complications including complete vision loss. The early initiation of steroids is key to preventing complications of GCA. Here we discuss the role of aspirin in the treatment of GCA, both as an antithrombotic agent and its increasingly utilized antiinflammatory properties. The aim of this review article is to examine the evidence behind the rationale of aspirin use as an adjunct to steroids for the prevention of cranial ischemic complications.

Perioperative Effect Of Acetylsalicylic Acid Stoppage Duration Before Coronary Artery Bypass Grafting, Ahmed A El-Badie Emara, Islam I. Moheb, Mohamed G. Hagag, Mohamed S. Amar

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective To assess the effect of timing of preoperative cessation of aspirin therapy on perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery. Background Aspirin is used for primary or secondary prevention of thrombotic complications. It inhibits platelet function and so there is an increased risk of hemorrhage among patients undergoing CABG. Aspirin discontinuation time before CABG surgery has been a controversy for years. We aimed at assessing the effect of timing of preoperative cessation of aspirin therapy on perioperative morbidity and mortality in patients undergoing CABG surgery. Patients and methods Sixty patients having coronary artery …

Prophylactic Measure In Women With Early Recurrent Pregnancy Loss, Polycystic Ovary Syndrome, And Hyperhomocysteinemia, Abd El-Hamid E. Shahin, Mohamed S. Gad, Samia M. Ghonim

Menoufia Medical Journal

Objective This work aims to evaluate prophylactic measures against early recurrent pregnancy loss (RPL) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and hyperhomocysteinemia. Background PCOS is the most common endocrine disorder in females; hyperhomocysteinemia is frequently associated with PCO. Mild-to-moderate hyperhomocysteinemia increases the risk of RPL through augmentation of hypercoagulable state of pregnancy and thrombosis in maternal and fetal circulation. Patients and methods The study was a randomized prospective comparative study. Patients in this study were 60 patients aged between 20 and 35 years with PCOS that was diagnosed according to the Rotterdam criteria if at least two of the …

Does Aspirin Reduce Risk For Future Cardiovascular Events In Women With Diabetes?, Olivia Hillier, Amna Zeb, Pamela Marcovitz

Posters

INTRODUCTION
The use of low dose aspirin (LDA) in primary prevention of cardiovascular events (CVE) is no longer recommended due to lack of benefit in prevention of primary outcome and increased bleeding risks. It’s postulated that LDA could still be of benefit in those with very high vascular risk including diabetes mellitus (DM) as it confers a higher risk for future CVE in women as compared to men. We conducted a meta-analysis to determine if use of low dose ASA is beneficial to lower CVE in women with multiple risk factors.

The Efficacy Of Low-Dose Aspirin In Pregnancy Among Women In Malaria-Endemic Countries, Melissa Bauserman, Sequoia I Leuba, Jennifer Hemingway-Foday, Tracy L Nolen, Janet Moore, Elizabeth M Mcclure, Adrien Lokangaka, Antoinette Tsehfu, Jackie Patterson, Edward A Liechty, Fabian Esamai, Waldemar A Carlo, Elwyn Chomba, Robert L Goldenberg, Sarah Saleem, Saleem Jessani, Marion Koso-Thomas, Matthew Hoffman, Richard Derman, Steven R Meshnick, Carl L Bose

Department of Medicine Faculty Papers

Background: Low dose aspirin (LDA) is an effective strategy to reduce preterm birth. However, LDA might have differential effects globally, based on the etiology of preterm birth. In some regions, malaria in pregnancy could be an important modifier of LDA on birth outcomes and anemia.

Methods: This is a sub-study of the ASPIRIN trial, a multi-national, randomized, placebo controlled trial evaluating LDA effect on preterm birth. We enrolled a convenience sample of women in the ASPIRIN trial from the Democratic Republic of Congo (DRC), Kenya and Zambia. We used quantitative polymerase chain reaction to detect malaria. We calculated crude prevalence …

Efficacy And Safety Of Direct Oral Anticoagulants With And Without Aspirin: A Systematic Review And Meta-Analysis, Talal Almas, Adeena Musheer, Arooba Ejaz, Fahd Niaz Shaikh, Anousheh Awais Paracha, Fizza Raza, Maryam Sarwar Khan, Fahad Masood, Faiza Siddiqui, Muhammad Hasnain Mankani

Medical College Documents

Background: Various anticoagulant therapies are prescribed to patients under physicians' discretion and recently Direct Oral Anticoagulants(DOAC) have been under trials to evaluate their safety and efficacy. In addition to this, the regimen of DOACs and Aspirin is of keen interest as researchers continue to find an optimal regimen to treat blood clots in patients. This study is a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials and observational studies that asses the safety and efficacy of DOAC with and without Aspirin.
Methods: We queried MEDLINE and Cochrane CENTRAL from their inception to April 2021, for published and randomized controlled …

Antiplatelet Use In Ischemic Stroke, Marharyta Kamarova, Sheharyar Baig, Hamish Patel, Kimberley Monks, Mohammad Wasay, Ali Ali, Jessica Redgrave, Arshad Majid, Simon M. Bell

Section of Neurology

Objective: A literature review of antiplatelet agents for primary and secondary stroke prevention, including mechanism of action, cost, and reasons for lack of benefit.
Data sources: Articles were gathered from MEDLINE, Cochrane Reviews, and PubMed databases (1980-2021). Abstracts from scientific meetings were considered. Search terms included ischemic stroke, aspirin, clopidogrel, dipyridamole, ticagrelor, cilostazol, prasugrel, glycoprotein IIb/IIIa inhibitors.
Study selection and data extraction: English-language original and review articles were evaluated. Guidelines from multiple countries were reviewed. Articles were evaluated independently by 2 authors.
Data synthesis: An abundance of evidence supports aspirin and clopidogrel use for secondary stroke prevention. In the acute …

A Role For Cox Inhibition In The Prevention Of Progression Of Barrett’S Esophagus To Esophageal Adenocarcinoma, John Speakman

Theses and Graduate Projects

Background: Barrett’s esophagus is the most significant predictor of the development of esophageal adenocarcinoma. The current treatment recommendation is a proton pump inhibitor to control acid reflux, yet there remains a significant number of individuals who progress to cancer. More can be done to prevent this progression.

Purpose: To this end, this paper seeks to answer the following PICO question: P: Patients with Barrett’s esophagus not yet esophageal adenocarcinoma; I: Standard PPI treatment with the addition of Aspirin; C: Standard PPI treatment only; O: Prevention of progression of Barrett’s esophagus to esophageal adenocarcinoma.

Methods: A comprehensive literature …