Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Decreasing Barriers For Teens: Evaluation Of A New Teenage Pregnancy Prevention Strategy In School-Based Clinics, Abbey C. Sidebottom, Amanda Birnbaum, Sarah S. Nafstad

Department of Public Health Scholarship and Creative Works

Sidebottom et al seek to evaluate the effects of the change in distribution systems on students' receipt of requested contraceptives and demand for contraceptive school-based clinics (SBC). The result of the study reveals that the average number of requests per student was higher under the voucher system, possibly as a consequence of expires vouchers resulting in repeated requests. The findings also suggest that SBCs could go a step further in reducing adolescents' barriers to accessing contraceptives by adopting an on-site direct delivery system..

The Role Of Immune Cells In The Sow Endometrium During Different Stages Of The Oestrous Cycle And Early Pregnancy, Kampon Kaeoket

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Approximately 30%(range 13-49%) of sows are culled due to fertility disturbances. Reproductive failure on farms are due to anoestrus, repeat breeding (regular and irregular return to oestrus), negative pregnancy diagnosis, abortion or failure to farrow. Reproductive problems are often difficult to diagnose. As a diagnostic tool, post-mortem examination (i.e. macroscopically and histologically) of the reproductive organs is useful when sows with reproductive failure are culled. The present review provides information about the distribution of immune cells, both in non-inseminated and inseminated pregnant sows endometrium, in order to be able to differentiate a physiological distribution of immune cells from pathological conditions. …

The Prevalence Of Anemia In Pregnant Womenattending The Prenatal Clinic Atking Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital, P. Chotnopparatpattara, S. Limpongsanurak, P. Charnngam

Chulalongkorn Medical Journal

No abstract provided.

The Use Of Real Time B-Mode Ultrasound To Detect Ovulation And Pregnancy In Swine, Kampon Kaeoket

The Thai Journal of Veterinary Medicine

Real time B-mode ultrasound for ovarian examination in pigs has been used in many experimental studies. All were aimed at elucidating the relationship between the duration of oestrus, the time of ovulation, the time of insemination and fertility. This review describes the uses and benefits of real time B-mode ultrasound for ovulation monitoring and pregnancy diagnosis for fertility control in swine breeding herds. The reliability of diagnosis is very much dependent on the experience of the investigator and the type of ultrasound machine used. It is considered that real time B-mode ultrasound is a useful tool for monitoring the ovulation …

The Mare Reproductive Loss Syndrome And The Eastern Tent Caterpillar: A Toxicokinetic/Statistical Analysis With Clinical, Epidemiologic, And Mechanistic Implications, Manu Sebastian, Marie G. Gantz, Thomas Tobin, J. Daniel Harkins, Jeffrey M. Bosken, Charlie Hughes, Lenn R. Harrison, William V. Bernard, Dana L. Richter, Terrence D. Fitzgerald

Maxwell H. Gluck Equine Research Center Faculty Publications

During 2001, central Kentucky experienced acute transient epidemics of early and late fetal losses, pericarditis, and unilateral endophthalmitis, collectively referred to as mare reproductive loss syndrome (MRLS). A toxicokinetic/statistical analysis of experimental and field MRLS data was conducted using accelerated failure time (AFT) analysis of abortions following administration of Eastern tent caterpillars (ETCs; 100 or 50 g/day or 100 g of irradiated caterpillars/day) to late-term pregnant mares. In addition, 2001 late-term fetal loss field data were used in the analysis. Experimental data were fitted by AFT analysis at a high (P < .0001) significance. Times to first abortion (“lag time”) and abortion rates were dose dependent. Lag times decreased and abortion rates increased exponentially with dose. Calculated dose × response data curves allow interpretation of abortion data in terms of “intubated ETC equivalents.” Analysis suggested that field exposure to ETCs in 2001 in central Kentucky commenced on approximately April 27, was initially equivalent to approximately 5 g of intubated ETCs/day, and increased to approximately 30 g/day at the outbreak peak. This analysis accounts for many aspects of the epidemiology, clinical presentations, and manifestations of MRLS. It allows quantitative interpretation of experimental and field MRLS data and has implications for the basic mechanisms underlying MRLS. The results support suggestions that MRLS is caused by exposure to or ingestion of ETCs. The results also show that high levels of ETC exposure produce intense, focused outbreaks of MRLS, closely linked in time and place to dispersing ETCs, as occurred in central Kentucky in 2001. With less intense exposure, lag time is longer and abortions tend to spread out over time and may occur out of phase with ETC exposure, obscuring both diagnosis of this syndrome and the role of the caterpillars.

The Effect Of Age, Sex, Housing System And Pregnancy On Some Blood Parameters Of Tuj Sheep, Ömer Bozdoğan, Meti̇n Çenesi̇z, Mehmet Kaya, Nadi̇de Nabi̇l Kami̇loğlu

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

In this study some blood parameters and the effects of age, sex, housing system and pregnancy of Tuj sheep that have been bred in the Kars region of Turkey were researched and compared. The various blood parameters including the amount of haemoglobin, haematocrit value, erythrocyte and leukocyte count, and the differential percentage of white blood cells were determined from blood taken intravenously. The haemoglobin and erythrocyte values were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in 5-7-month-old Tuj sheep grazing in an open field than in 2-3-month-old male Tuj sheep feeding in a closed system. The erythrocyte count was found to be higher in 2-3-month-old female Tuj sheep in comparison to males. The haemoglobin, leukocyte and haematocrit values were also higher in this group of animals, though this was not statistically significant. The erythrocyte, leukocyte, haemoglobin, haematocrit values and differential percentage of white blood cells were not different in 5-7-month-old male and female Tuj sheep grazing in an open area. The erythrocyte number decreased after parturition in respect to the oestrus and pregnancy period. This decrease was statistically significant. The erythrocyte values were 10.2 x 10^6 /mm^3 before oestrus, 9.5 x 10^6 /mm3 during pregnancy and 8.2 x 10^6 /mm^3 after parturition. The haemoglobin value decreased significantly (p < 0.05) during pregnancy. The leukocyte number was found to be less during pregnancy in comparison to other periods; it was 7.7 ± 1.9 x 10^3 /mm^3 during pregnancy, 9.3 ± 1.9 x 10^3 /mm^3 before oestrus, and 9.7 ± 2.5 x 10^3 /mm^3 after parturation. The lymphocyte percentage increased significantly (p < 0.05) during the pregnancy period.

Endometrial Cytology Findings At Different Stages Of Sexual Cycle, Pregnacy And Pyometra In Bitches, Ayhan Baştan, Yunus Çeti̇n, Örsan Güngör, Di̇lek Arsoy Başaran

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

The purpose of this study was to investigate cellular changes of the uterus during pregnancy, pyometra and different phases of the sexual cycle in dogs using endometrial cytology. We used 30 uteruses from bitches of different ages and breeds and at heterogeneous stages of the sexual cycle (Group 1 proestrus n = 5, Group 2 estrus n = 5, Group 3 diestrus n = 5, and Group 4 anestrus n = 5) as well as animals with open cervix pyometra (Group 5 n = 5), and that were pregnant (Group 6 n = 5). The sexual cycle stage of the …

Comparison Of The Tocolytic Effects Of Ritodrine And Ca^{++} Channel Blockers On Serum Oestradiol And Progesterone Levels, Füsun Tosun, Aymelek Gönenç, Bolkan Şi̇mşek

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

Experimental pregnancy was induced with gonadal steroids in in vivo ovariectomized rats. Conditions for premature delivery were established by giving a salt-rich diet and administering oxytocin to induce high-risk pregnancy. In order to avoid early delivery, a betamimetic ritodrine and the Ca^{++} channel blockers nitrendipine and nicardipine were administered to three separate groups. The effects of these three tocolytic agents were examined by determining serum oestradiol and progesterone levels. Additionally, systolic blood pressure was measured and tachycardia was observed. After the administration of tocolytic agents, it was observed that serum oestradiol levels were increased while there was a decrease in …

The Relationship Between The Stages Of The Sexual Cycle, The Pregnancy And Postpartum Periods And Vaginal Flora In Kangal Breed Bitches, Murat Findik, Ni̇l Maral, Oktay Keski̇n, Hakan Kalender, Jale Erdeğer, Seli̇m Aslan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

This study was performed on females of the Kangal Breed (Turkish Anatolian Shepherd Dog) with the aim of determining the relationship between the stages of the sexual cycle and vaginal flora. The stages of the cycle in Kangal bitches (n= 16) were determined by performing vaginoscopic, vaginal cytologic and ultrasonographic checks at regular intervals and examining vaginal swab samples bacteriologically. The swab samples were inoculated onto 7% sheep blood agar and incubated for 18-24 h at 37 ºC and total counts of the resulting colonies were evaluated. In addition, inoculations were made onto 7% sheep blood agar, PPLO agar, Columbia …

The Effect Of Thyroidectomy On Sexual Cycle And Pregnancy Rates In Rats, Ali̇ Ri̇şvanli, Muhterem Aydin, Erdal Kaygusuzoğlu, Hüseyi̇n Ti̇murkan

Turkish Journal of Veterinary & Animal Sciences

We investigated the effect of hypothyroidism caused by thyroidectomy on the sexual cycle and pregnancy rates in rats. Twenty female rats were divided into two groups. The thyroid glands were totally extirpated in the first group (n = 10). An operation was performed but the thyroid glands were not extirpated in the second group (n = 10). In both groups, the differences in vaginal cytology were examined daily with vaginal irrigation, for 1 month starting 3 days after the operation. Preparations from the vaginal irrigation were stained with Giemsa. A male rat was placed in the cage containing the female …

Assessment Of The Nutrition Knowledge And Nutrition Practices Of Crisis Pregnancy Center Clients, Sarah Harger

Honors Theses

Nutrition affects people's health. People often suffer illnesses and premature death that are largely due to poor dietary choices. Some people are aware that they are eating foods that are harmful and others eat poorly out of ignorance. Pregnancy is a time during the lifecycle when nutritional intake is of particular importance. Good choices can promote health and prevent major health problems or even death for the mother and the baby.

Many people are unaware of the benefits or consequences caused by the food they eat. Particularly low-income people may not be exposed to nutrition education. Many young people are …

Family Connectedness And Sexual Risk-Taking Among Urban Youth Attending Alternative High Schools, Christine M Markham, Susan R Tortolero, S Liliana Escobar-Chaves, Guy S Parcel, Ronald Harrist, Robert C Addy

Journal Articles

CONTEXT: Youth in alternative high schools engage in risky sexual behavior at higher rates than do their peers in regular schools, placing themselves at an increased risk of sexually transmitted disease and unintended pregnancy. Family connectedness is associated with reduced adolescent sexual risk-taking, although this association has not been tested among alternative school youth.

METHODS: A sample of 976 urban, predominantly minority alternative high school students in Houston, Texas, were surveyed in 2000-2002. Survey data were analyzed using logistic regression to determine whether family connectedness is related to sexual risk-taking.

RESULTS: Overall, 68% of students reported ever having had sex. …

State Mandated Prenatal Human Immunodeficiency Virus Screening At A Large Community Hospital, William Cusick, Julie G. Stewart, Michael Parry, Gavin Mcleod, Gerald Rakos, Chris Sullivan, John Rodis

Nursing Faculty Publications

Purpose: To describe the initial experience of state mandated prenatal HIV screening at a large community hospital.
Methods: HIV screening was provided to all pregnant women as of October 1, 1999. All HIV-positive women identified received aggressive antiretroviral therapy to reduce the likelihood for vertical transmission. Neonates were screened for HIV at zero, six, and 12 months of age.
Results: Seven pregnant women (0.3%) and two additional family members tested positive for HIV. All seven infants born to the identified HIV-positive women have tested negative for infection. We estimated that six of nine cases of HIV infection identified would have …