Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Pre Visit Learning Modules Dnp Capstone Defense, Tanya Sullivan

Tanya Sullivan

Putting The Patient Back In Patient Care: Health Decision-Making From The Patient’S Perspective, Bill R. Garris, Amy J. Weber

Bill R. Garris

This research explored health decision-making processes among people recently diagnosed with type 2 diabetes. Our analysis suggested that diagnosis with type 2 was followed by a period of intense emotional and cognitive disequilibrium. Subsequently, the informants were observed to proceed to health decision-making which was affected by three separate and interrelated factors: knowledge, self-efficacy, and purpose. Knowledge included cognitive or factual components and emotional elements. Knowledge influenced the degree of upset or disequilibrium the patient experienced, and affected a second category, agency: the informants’ confidence in their ability to enact lifestyle changes. The third factor, purpose, summarized the personal and …

Implementing Ipe In An Academic Health Science Center: Changing Attitudes, Beliefs, & Knowledge, Kerry Proctor-Williams, Elizabeth Alley

Kerry Proctor-Williams

Completion of 3-year pilot Interprofessional Education Program involving graduate students in an Academic Health Science Center yielded pre- and post-program evaluations of attitudes, beliefs, and knowledge of students and faculty. This session offers a description of a program without curricular level changes, presentation of research outcomes, and resulting planned modifications.

Caregivers Knowledge, Practices About Childhood Diarrhea And Pneumonia And Their Perceptions Of Lady Health Worker Program; Findings From Nigraan Implementation Research Project, K Sangrasi, F. Rabbani, W Aftab, A Zahidie, S Perveen, In Abbas, Sia Shah, Sa Qazi

Fauziah Rabbani

Background: Despite 60% coverage by Lady Health Worker (LHW) Program, 30% of child deaths in Pakistan are still due to diarrhea and pneumonia. Caregivers are an important stakeholder yet there is little information on their case management practices and utilization of LHW Program. This study explored caregivers’ knowledge and practices about childhood diarrhea and pneumonia and utility of LHW services before and after a supportive supervision intervention. Methods: Cross sectional surveys were conducted with caregivers’ (mothers) pre and post intervention in project NIGRAAN. The intervention aimed to improve LHSs clinical and supervisory skills of lady health supervisors in order to …

Assessment Of Knowledge, Skill And Attitude Of Oncology Nurses In Chemotherapy Administration In Tertiary Hospital Pakistan., Najma Khan, Khurshid Zulfiqar Ali Khowaja, Tazeen Saeed Ali

Tazeen Ali

Objective:

To measure the levels of nurse’s knowledge and attitude after the conduct of education session regarding chemotherapy administration and management.

Methodology:

This research study was conducted at two oncology units of tertiary Hospital Rawalpindi. A prepost test intervention study design was used on 35 nurses by using Verity’s tools.

Results:

The mean scores of knowledge were calculated by Cochran’s Q test showed that knowledge scores have significantly increased with ‘educational training’ (p value < 0.001). The difference in the attitude of the nurses was not found to be statistically significant in repeated measure of ANOVA.

Conclusion:

The results show that knowledge is the weakest component and attitude is strongest component of oncology nurses ‘competencies in chemotherapy administration.

Australian Graduating Nurses’ Knowledge, Intentions And Beliefs On Infection Prevention And Control: A Cross-Sectional Study, Brett G. Mitchell, Richard Say, Anne Wells, Fiona Wilson, Linda Cloete, Lucinda Matheson

Linda Cloete

Background: In recent year, national bodies have been actively addressing the increasing concern on the spread of healthcare-associated infections (HAIs). The current study measures the knowledge, intentions and beliefs of third-year Australian nursing students on key infection prevention and control (IPC) concepts.

Methods: A cross-sectional study of final-year undergraduate nursing students from Schools of Nursing at six Australian universities was undertaken. Students were asked to participate in an anonymous survey. The survey explored knowledge of standard precautions and transmission based precautions. In addition intentions and beliefs towards IPC were explored.

Results: 349 students from six universities completed …

Asthma Knowledge, Control, And Administration Techniques In Hispanic Caregivers Of Pediatrics, Kelly J. Wright, Joshua Arnold, Rachel Culp, Kyle Hultz, Benjamin Robertson, Jon Wilkie, Amy Wuobio

Kelly J. Wright, R.Ph., Pharm.D.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to (1) describe asthma knowledge, control, and administration techniques in Hispanic caregivers of pediatric asthma patients in primary care clinics and (2) determine the association between asthma knowledge and control. Methods: A pilot, cross-sectional study was conducted by administering a survey to Spanish-speaking primary caregivers of children under 12 years old with a current diagnosis of asthma. The survey contained: demographic questions (8 items), a modified version of the Asthma Control Test (ACT, 5 self-assessment items, 5-point, Likert-type scale), knowledge (21 items, correct/incorrect response), and inhaler use (1 item, rank ordering steps for …

A Multifaceted Quality Improvement Intervention For Cvd Risk Management In Australian Primary Healthcare: A Protocol For A Prcoess Evaluation, Bindu Patel, Anushka Patel, Stephen Jan, Tim Usherwood, Mark F. Harris, Katie Panaretto, Nick Zwar, Julie Redfern, Jesse Jansen, Jenny A. Doust, David Peiris

Jenny Doust

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of death and disability worldwide. Despite the widespread availability of evidence-based clinical guidelines and validated risk predication equations for prevention and management of CVD, their translation into routine practice is limited. We developed a multifaceted quality improvement intervention for CVD risk management which incorporates electronic decision support, patient risk communication tools, computerised audit and feedback tools, and monthly, peer-ranked performance feedback via a web portal. The intervention was implemented in a cluster randomised controlled trial in 60 primary healthcare services in Australia. Overall, there were improvements in risk factor recording and in prescribing …

A Comparison Of Pharmacist Travel-Health Specialists' Versus Primary Care Providers' Recommendations For Travel-Related Medications, Vaccinations, And Patient Compliance In A College Health Setting, Melissa J. Durham, Jeffery A. Goad, Lawrence S. Neinstein, Mimi Lou

Jeff Goad

Background. Pretravel medication and vaccination recommendations and receipt were compared between primary care providers (PCPs) without special training and clinical pharmacists specializing in pretravel health. Methods. A retrospective chart review of patients seen for pretravel health services in a pharmacist-run travel clinic (PTC) compared to PCPs at a University Student Health Center. Vaccine/medication recommendations were assessed for consistency with national/international guidelines. Medical/pharmacy records were queried to determine the receipt of medications/vaccinations. Results. The PTC recommended antibiotics for travelers' diarrhea were given more often when indicated (96% vs 50%, p < 0.0001), and patients seen in the PTC received their medications more …

Complementary And Alternative Medicine In Oncology Nursing, Tazeen S. Ali Dr, Salima Somani Dr, Fauziya Ali Dr, Nasreen Sulaiman Lalani Dr

Tazeen S Ali Dr

Use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) has increased globally, particularly among oncology patients. This study investigated the knowledge, experience and attitudes of oncology nurses towards CAM. A quantitative study was conducted in tertiary care hospitals in Karachi, Pakistan, where 132 oncology nurses were surveyed. The survey revealed that more than 50% of nurses had never heard about many of the CAM therapies used in Pakistan. Approximately 65% of the nurses had knowledge about prayer and less than 30% had experience of CAM education or training. In addition, the majority of nurses had seen patients using CAM and felt that …

Malaria-Related Knowledge And Prevention Practices In Four Neighbourhoods In And Around Mumbai, India: A Cross-Sectional Study, Gaurav Dhawan, Nidhin Joseph, Penelope S. Pekow, Christine A. Rogers, Krishna C. Poudel, Maria T. Bulzacchelli

Krishna C. Poudel

Background: India accounts for the highest number of malaria cases outside of Africa. Eighty per cent of India’s population lives in malaria-risk areas, with cases increasing in urban areas. Mumbai, India, one of the most populous cities in the world, has experienced such an increase. To be successful, many malaria control efforts require community participation, which in turn depends on individuals’ knowledge and awareness of the disease. This study assessed the knowledge and prevention practices regarding malaria in residents of four different areas of Mumbai, India, around the time of a malaria outbreak and the start of a widespread awareness …

Unmet Needs Of Patients With Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (Copd): A Qualitative Study On Patients And Doctors, Adina Abdullah

Adina Abdullah

Background: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a chronic disease with repeated exacerbations resulting in gradual debilitation. The quality of life has been shown to be poor in patients with COPD despite efforts to improve self-management. However, the evidence on the benefit of self-management in COPD is conflicting. Whether this could be due to other unmet needs of patients have not been investigated. Therefore, we aimed to explore unmet needs of patients from both patients and doctors managing COPD. Methods: We conducted a qualitative study with doctors and patients in Malaysia. We used convenience sampling to recruit patients until data …

Poor Knowledge And Practices Related To Iodine Nutrition During Pregnancy And Lactation In Australian Women: Pre-And Post-Iodine Fortification, Karen Charlton, Heather Yeatman, Catherine Lucas, Samantha Axford, Luke Gemming, Fiona Houweling, Alison Goodfellow, Gary Ma

Karen E. Charlton

A before-after review was undertaken to assess whether knowledge and practices related to iodine nutrition, supplementation and fortification has improved in Australian women since the introduction of mandatory iodine fortification in 2009. Surveys of pregnant (n = 139) and non-pregnant (n = 75) women in 2007-2008 are compared with surveys of pregnant (n = 147) and lactating women (n = 60) one to two years post-fortification in a regional area of New South Wales, Australia. A self-administered questionnaire was completed and dietary intake of iodine was assessed using a validated food frequency questionnaire. A generally poor knowledge about the role …

Poor Iodine Status And Knowledge Related To Iodine On The Eve Of Mandatory Iodine Fortification In Australia, Heather Yeatman, Karen E. Charlton, Fiona Houweling

Karen E. Charlton

Background: Mandatory fortification of bread with iodised salt is proposed to address the re-emergence of iodine deficiency in Australia and New Zealand. The impacts of fortification require baseline data of iodine status among vulnerable sectors of the population. Objective: To assess the iodine status of healthy women and to investigate consumer understanding and attitudes related to the proposed mandatory iodine fortification programme. Design: Cross-sectional sample of 78 non-pregnant women aged 20-55 y was conveniently sampled in Wollongong, NSW. A single 24-hr urine sample was collected for urinary iodine concentration (UIC). A selfadministered questionnaire assessed consumer understanding, perceptions and attitudes related …

Assessment Of Knowledge, Skill And Attitude Of Oncology Nurses In Chemotherapy Administration In Tertiary Hospital Pakistan, Tazeen S. Ali Dr, Najma Khan Dr, Khurshid Zulfiqar Ali Khowaja Dr

Tazeen S Ali Dr

Objective: To measure the levels of nurse’s know- ledge and attitude after the conduct of education session regarding chemotherapy administration and management. Methodology: This research study was conducted at two oncology units of tertiary Hospital Rawalpindi. A pre-post test intervention study design was used on 35 nurses by using Verity’s tools. Results: The mean scores of knowledge were calculated by Cochran’s Q test showed that knowledge scores have significantly increased with “educational training” (p value < 0.001). The difference in the attitude of the nurses was not found to be statistically significant in repeated measure of ANOVA. Conclusion: The results show that knowledge is the weakest component and attitude is strongest component of oncology nurses competencies in chemotherapy administration.

The Hollow-Face Illusion: Object Specific Knowledge, General Assumptions Or Properties Of The Stimulus, Harold C. Hill, Alan Johnston

Harold Hill

The hollow-face illusion, in which a mask appears as a convex face, is a powerful example of binocular depth inversion occurring with a real object under a wide range of viewing conditions. Explanations of the illusion are reviewed and six experiments reported. In experiment 1 the detrimental effect of figural inversion, evidence for the importance of familiarity, was found for other oriented objects. The inversion effect held for masks lit from the side (experiment 2). The illusion was stronger for a mask rotated by 90° lit from its forehead than from its chin, suggesting that familiar patterns of shading enhance …

Communicating H1n1 Risk To University Students: A Regional Cross-Sectional Survey-Study, Francisco Soto Mas

Francisco Soto Mas

The purpose of this study was to assess university students’ self-reported knowledge, behavior, and behavioral intention regarding H1N1 influenza. Participants included students at a major university in the southwestern US. Data were collected in early spring 2010 through a 24-item selfadministered survey. Outcome variables included knowledge, behavior and intention. A total of 483 students participated. Most reported trying to prevent H1N1 influenza though specific behaviors. Many lacked knowledge about symptoms and treatment; a few (10%) had been vaccinated; and half had no intention of getting vaccinated or practicing self-isolation. Gender and age were significantly associated with the three outcome variables. …

Uncovering Tacit Knowledge: A Pilot Study To Broaden The Concept Of Knowledge In Knowledge Translation, Anita Kothari, Julia Bickford, Nancy Edwards, Maureen Dobbins, Mechthild Meyer

Anita Kothari

BACKGROUND: All sectors in health care are being asked to focus on the knowledge-to-practice gap, or knowledge translation, to increase service effectiveness. A social interaction approach to knowledge translation assumes that research evidence becomes integrated with previously held knowledge, and practitioners build on and co-create knowledge through mutual interactions. Knowledge translation strategies for public health have not provided anticipated positive changes in evidence-based practice, possibly due in part to a narrow conceptualization of knowledge. More work is needed to understand the role of tacit knowledge in decision-making and practice. This pilot study examined how health practitioners applied tacit knowledge in …

Knowing The Consequences Of Unprotected Sex With Seroconcordant Partner Is Associated With Increased Safer Sex Intentions Among Hiv-Positive Men In Kathmandu, Nepal, Krishna C. Poudel, Kalpana Poudel-Tandukar, Shinji Nakahara, Junko Yasuoka, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

Smoke-Free Mental Health Settings: Exploring The Knowledge, Attitudes And Experience Of Staff, Susan M. Kerr, Beinn Wilson, Kamala Soundararajan, Denise Meldrum, Stephen Lockie

Dr. Susan Kerr

Background

Smoking is 2-3 times more common in people with mental health problems than in the general population. This has serious health implications, with rates of cancer being high and coronary heart disease and respiratory disorders commonplace.

Reducing the prevalence of smoking and tobacco-related harm is central to UK Government policy. The introduction of a ban on smoking in enclosed public places in Scotland in 2006 and in England and Wales in 2007 is a central component of wider tobacco control legislation. One year after the initial legislation was introduced in England and Wales a comprehensive smoke-free policy (i.e. buildings …

Survey Of Food-Hygiene Practices At Home And Childhood Diarrhoea In Hanoi, Vietnam, Kumiko Takanashi, Yuko Chonan, Dao Quyen, Nguyen Khan, Krishna Poudel, Masamine Jimba

Krishna C. Poudel

A cross-sectional study was conducted to investigate the potential factors of food-hygiene practices of mothers on the prevalence of diarrhoea among their children. Mothers who had children aged 6 months–5 years were recruited in a hamlet in Viet Nam. The food-hygiene practices included hand-washing, method of washing utensils, separation of utensils for raw and cooked food, and the location where foods were prepared for cooking. A face-to-face interview was conducted, and data on 206 mothers were analyzed. The risk of diarrhoea was significantly higher among children whose mothers prepared food for cooking somewhere other than the table (typically on the …

Article: Knowledge, Attitude And Practice Regarding Hospital Delivery Among Rural Married Women In Northern Bangladesh, Tamjida Ahmed

Tamjida Ahmed

Various programs for safe motherhood aiming to reduce maternal and neonatal mortality are undertaken by public sectors as well as the NGOs. This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted on the married women in their reproductive age (15-40y) belonging to 211 households of Shitlai village of Kahalu Thana of Bogra district in Bangladesh from January to April 2007. Using a semi-structured questionnaire, data were collected by door-to-door visits and through face-to-face interviews with the respondents. Considering the knowledge on safe motherhood and safe delivery, majority of the respondents (98.6%) mentioned that every pregnant mother should receive antenatal care, and 97.6% said …

Knowledge Of Probiotics By Nigerian Clinicians, Kingsley C. Anukam

Kingsley C Anukam

A reasonable proportion of clinicians in the Northern hemisphere may be familiar with the use of probiotics and some have clearly been involved in probiotic research for some time. However, we hypothesized that medical practitioners in Nigeria are yet to grasp the concept of using probiotics either as health promoting foods or as biotherapeutic agents for the treatment of diarrhea or urogenital infections. In order to determine the extent of awareness on the use of probiotics among qualified medical practitioners in Benin City, Nigeria, a survey was carried out. The survey involved the use of close-ended and open-ended structured questionnaires …