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Articles 1 - 30 of 167
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Rumen-Protected Methionine Supplementation Improves Lactation, Oxidative Status, And Immune Response During A Subclinical Mastitis Challenge In Lactating Dairy Cows., Anita Paz Lopez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Mastitis is a significant problem in the dairy industry, posing numerous challenges for dairy farmers worldwide. Mastitis refers to the inflammation of the mammary gland, primarily caused by bacterial infections. This condition affects the health and well-being of dairy cows and has severe economic implications for farmers and overall dairy production. The prevalence of mastitis substantially threatens milk quality, productivity, and profitability, making it a top concern in the dairy industry. Preventing mastitis in cows is crucial for maintaining the herd's health and ensuring highquality milk production. Nutritional strategies have recently gained greater attention due to a direct impact on …
Polymeric Nanovaccine Delivery System For Influenza Vaccine, Chaitanya K. Valiveti
Polymeric Nanovaccine Delivery System For Influenza Vaccine, Chaitanya K. Valiveti
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Vaccines are the most efficient and cost-effective method for preventing illnesses caused by infectious pathogens. Even though the great success of vaccines over decades, the development of safe and robust vaccines is still essential for emerging new pathogens, re-evolving old pathogens, and improving the insufficient protection given by existing vaccines. One of the most critical strategies for developing effective new vaccines is selecting and using a suitable adjuvant or immune stimulant. Immunologic adjuvants are essential for improving vaccine potency by enhancing the immune response of vaccine antigens. The amount of antigen could be spared with improved potency, especially during mass …
Role Of Host Restriction Factors On Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus (Prrsv) Replication, Pratik Katwal
Role Of Host Restriction Factors On Porcine Reproductive And Respiratory Syndrome Virus (Prrsv) Replication, Pratik Katwal
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In this study, the role of IFITM3 on PRRSV replication was studied in vitro by expressing exogenous IFITM3 in MARC-145 cells. An average of 31% reduction in PRRSV N protein expression and an average of 5.4 fold decrease in virus titer in the supernatant were observed in IFITM3 overexpressing cells as compared to vector control cells at 24 hours post infection (hpi). Moreover, there was a positive correlation between interferon- induced IFITM3 up-regulation and reduced PRRSV replication. To determine the role of endogenous IFITM3 in PRRSV replication, siRNA induced knockdown of IFITM3 was employed. RT-PCR validated the successful silencing of …
Genistein-Enriched Pig Gut Microbiota Library As A Potential Probiotic Consortium, Theresah Amponsah
Genistein-Enriched Pig Gut Microbiota Library As A Potential Probiotic Consortium, Theresah Amponsah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Plant-based diets contain numerous flavonoid compounds that produce antibacterial effects and gut health improvement. Genistein is among the most abundant isoflavones present in a plant-based diet and can be found in high amounts in soy products (up to 1g Kg-1). We describe here a robust method to identify genistein tolerant and metabolizing bacteria in swine gut microbiota and to screen the strains that have antibacterial and immunestimulatory properties. Such strains could be developed as non-antibiotic alternatives to prevent enteric infections in pigs and improve gut immunity. To this end, a mini bioreactorbased system was used to enrich genistein metabolizing bacteria …
Decoding The Mystery Of Antibiotic Persistence, Tahmina Hossain
Decoding The Mystery Of Antibiotic Persistence, Tahmina Hossain
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This work combines microbiology, molecular biology, Next-Generation Sequencing and system biology approaches to explore the mechanism of antibiotic persistence: a multi-drug tolerant, non-dividing, and metabolically altered state present in a subpopulation of cells due to phenotypic diversity rather than genetic variation (i.e. mutations). Persister can survive lethal antibiotic state and resuscitate after the treatment period is over. They are considered as the major contributing factor behind recurring infections. They also have a high mutation rate, which increases the chances of bacteria gaining antibiotic resistance. The formation of this phenotypic variant (persister) threatens the therapeutic effectiveness of antibiotics and understanding how …
Emerging Respiratory Viral Pathogens, April Nelsen
Emerging Respiratory Viral Pathogens, April Nelsen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Respiratory disease is arguably the most important health concern for the production animal industry [1-3]. Respiratory problems accounted for the highest mortality both in the swine and beef industries [1, 4]. Respiratory pathogens remain the most vital for swine and bovine research and disease monitoring [2, 5-7]. As pathogens, in particular viral pathogens, mutate, novel disease-causing viruses emerge, and there becomes an increasing concern and need for identification with control perimeters. One frequently identified disease syndrome is Porcine Respiratory Disease Complex (PRDC). PRDC is characterized by pneumonia of mixed respiratory infections with contributions from the environment and management practices. The …
Factors Associated With Increased Breastfeeding At Initiation And Continuation At Two Months In American Indian Women, Addison Reimer
Factors Associated With Increased Breastfeeding At Initiation And Continuation At Two Months In American Indian Women, Addison Reimer
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: The purpose of this report was to determine the prevalence of breastfeeding at initiation and two months continuation in American Indian South Dakota mothers who gave birth between 2017-2019 and determine the factors associated with breastfeeding and various health behaviors and beliefs. This study serves to fill the current gaps in research focusing on breastfeeding in American Indian women in South Dakota. Methods: Data from the South Dakota Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (SD PRAMS), a state-based surveillance system, was used to investigate the relationship between breastfeeding and maternal behaviors, attitudes, and experiences. Logistic regression was used to determine …
Cortisol In Hair As A Measure Of Chronic Stress During Sow Gestation And The Pattern Of Cortisol In Blood During Parturition In Sows, Talia Everding
Cortisol In Hair As A Measure Of Chronic Stress During Sow Gestation And The Pattern Of Cortisol In Blood During Parturition In Sows, Talia Everding
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cortisol is known as the stress hormone, as it influences many metabolic processes to maintain glucose homeostasis during stressful experiences, including physical and psychological stress. It can be detected in biological matrices such as blood and hair and is released rapidly during sudden stressors and continuously during longterm stress. Blood cortisol fluctuates rapidly in response to acute stressors like pain, exertion, and fear; in hair cortisol accumulates steadily over the period of hair growth and may be useful for detecting chronically elevated cortisol resulting from long-term stress. The objective of this research was to, 1) determine the influence of a …
Characterization Of Cucurbitacin-Inspired Estrone Analogues As Novel Inhibitors Of Human Atp- Binding Cassette Proteins (Abcb1 And Abcc1), Jennifer Kyeremateng
Characterization Of Cucurbitacin-Inspired Estrone Analogues As Novel Inhibitors Of Human Atp- Binding Cassette Proteins (Abcb1 And Abcc1), Jennifer Kyeremateng
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters are a large class of integral membrane proteins that contribute to key physiological functions in all organisms by utilizing ATP binding and hydrolysis to transport diverse substrates across membrane barriers. P-glycoprotein (P-gp/ ABCB1) and Multidrug Resistance protein 1 (MRP1/ABCC1) are widely reported ABC transporters associated with multidrug resistance in cancer. Multidrug resistance (MDR) mediated by P-gp and MRP1 is responsible for treatment failures of many metastatic cancers as a result of reduced accumulation, bioavailability and diminished potency of anticancer drugs. Currently, known P-gp and MRP1 inhibitors are limited due to toxicity, lack of selectivity and low …
Go Talk To Your Employee: A Sequential Mediation Analysis Of Leader Communication Frequency And Employee Turnover Intent, Max Weaver
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Employee turnover has significant negative costs to healthcare organizations. While leadership communication styles and quality have been empirically supported to reduce turnover intentions, our understanding of specific modalities of leader intervention is not well understood. This paper sought to understand how the specific act of communication frequency reduces turnover. Through the lens of Leader-Member Exchange (LMX) and role dynamic theories, mediating effects of LMX quality and job satisfaction were investigated to further understand this proposed relationship in a sample of healthcare workers in the Midwest/US. Results indicate that communication frequency was negatively related to turnover intent. Furthermore, while LMX and …
Assessing Dairy Farm Employees Health, Leyby Stephany Guifarro Rodriguez
Assessing Dairy Farm Employees Health, Leyby Stephany Guifarro Rodriguez
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This Master thesis evaluates the impact of general health care and eating habits (Study 1), vision care (Study 2), and mental health status (Study 3) on Latino dairy farmworkers lifestyle and work performance in South Dakota. We hypothesized that the health status of dairy workers has a negative impact on the workers’ job performance. In study 1, data from a total of 70 participants were collected, using a face-to-face survey in Spanish, which allowed us to assess various topics and details related to employees’ daily routine tasks, eating habits, and general health status. Furthermore, recommendations to improve general health care …
Viral And Immune Studies On Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (Bvdv) In Bovine Species, Karim Abdelsalam
Viral And Immune Studies On Bovine Viral Diarrhea Virus (Bvdv) In Bovine Species, Karim Abdelsalam
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
BVDV is a major pathogen of ruminants that causes immune dysfunction and lead to secondary bacterial infection. The underlying mechanism of this dysfunction is not well understood. Based on previous results, we believe that macrophages play a central role in BVDV-associated immune dysfunction. Previously, we have shown that the infected monocyte-derived macrophage (MDM) supernatant of the high virulent strains of BVDV significantly induced lymphocyte apoptosis. In the current study, we performed experiments to identify the apoptotic factors in the infected MDM supernatants in vitro. Also, we have extended our investigation to include testing the impact of infected macrophages on neutrophil …
Association Between Prepregnancy Obesity And Health Behaviors, Adverse Conditions, And Birth Outcomes In South Dakota, Lily Sanderson
Association Between Prepregnancy Obesity And Health Behaviors, Adverse Conditions, And Birth Outcomes In South Dakota, Lily Sanderson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Introduction: Prepregnancy obesity is associated with an increased risk for various adverse outcomes for mother and fetus. These adverse associations exist within the realms of preconception health, prenatal health, birth outcomes, and postnatal health.
Methods: This retrospective cohort study used data from the South Dakota Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (SD PRAMS) survey, which is an ongoing statebased surveillance system of maternal behaviors, attitudes, and experiences before, during, and shortly after pregnancy. The 2017 and 2018 SD PRAMS sampled a total of 3,805 mothers who were randomly selected from birth certificate records to be representative of all South Dakota women …
A Role For The Hydroxybenzoic Acid Metabolites Of Flavonoids And Aspirin In The Prevention Of Colorectal Cancer, Ranjini Sankaranarayanan
A Role For The Hydroxybenzoic Acid Metabolites Of Flavonoids And Aspirin In The Prevention Of Colorectal Cancer, Ranjini Sankaranarayanan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Flavonoids are a group of polyphenolic compounds, with established antioxidant properties, that are present ubiquitously in plants, fruits, and vegetables. Their universal presence in nature is evident by the fact that more than 4000 types of flavonoids have been identified till date. Additionally, they have also become part of the daily diet through consumption of fruits such as berries, grapes, pomegranate, and cherries, and vegetables such as onions, kale, and eggplant. High levels of flavonoids are also consumed through beverages such as tea and red wine. Numerous studies have demonstrated that a diet rich in flavonoids decreases the incidences of …
Metal-Organic Frameworks As Bacteria Mimicking Delivery Systems For Tuberculosis, Ailin Guo
Metal-Organic Frameworks As Bacteria Mimicking Delivery Systems For Tuberculosis, Ailin Guo
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (M.tb), with an estimated 1.5 million deaths and 10 million infections each year. Although TB can be effectively treated with antibiotics, because of the complications and length of treatment, many people fail to complete the treatment which exacerbates the emergence of drug-resistant M. tb strains. The goal of this work is to develop biomimetic particles as host-directed therapy to target the infected macrophages. Two types of metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), MIL-100(Fe) and MIL-88A(Fe) were developed for bacteriamimicking particles. As a proof-of-concept, Mannose was selected as a ligand to target macrophages because …
Giving Voice To Adults Living With Cystic Fibrosis: A Phenomenological Study, Brandon M. Varilek
Giving Voice To Adults Living With Cystic Fibrosis: A Phenomenological Study, Brandon M. Varilek
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cystic fibrosis is one of the most difficult chronic diseases to manage long-term because of the numerous challenges faced on a day-to-day basis. Historically, these challenges have primarily been studied using quantitative methods given the desire to prolong life. However, simply increasing the quantity of life does not mean that quality of life will improve. It is entirely possible that new treatments may worsen perceived quality of life. What is missing from the current research is the person’s voice regarding the experience of living with cystic fibrosis, especially as they continue to age. The primary purpose of this study was …
Impact Of Coaching By Extension Professionals On Rural Wellness Coalition Success, Taylor Willhite
Impact Of Coaching By Extension Professionals On Rural Wellness Coalition Success, Taylor Willhite
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Objective: To quantitatively assess coaches perceived confidence in coaching rural wellness coalitions and to qualitatively determine barriers and facilitators to success in coaching rural wellness coalitions.
Design: A mixed methods design was utilized with quantitative (scorecard) and qualitative (key informant interviews) methodologies.
Setting: Six rural South Dakota wellness coalitions.
Participants: Extension wellness coalition coaches (n=7), one previous and six current.
Intervention: A component of the broader SDSU Extension 1416 Centers for Disease Control (CDC) and Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program Education (SNAP-Ed) intervention.
Analysis: STATA was utilized for the quantitative scorecard data by running paired ttests. NVivo was utilized in the …
Description Of Mental Health Responses On An Electronic Ppe At A Ncaa Division I Institution: A Pilot Study, Megan Blomberg
Description Of Mental Health Responses On An Electronic Ppe At A Ncaa Division I Institution: A Pilot Study, Megan Blomberg
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to improve the effectiveness of mental health screening forms that are used during the preparticipation physical exam, or PPE, process and to help start a discuss about the need for further mental health resources. This study aimed to look at the prevalence of mental illness being reported at a Division I Institution and whether we are receiving consistent answers across various forms. We pulled the data from all 750 student-athletes that competed during the 2017-18 academic year at South Dakota State University (SDSU) and looked specifically at their answers on the PHQ-9, GAD-7, and …
Follow-Up Nurse Telephone Calls For Heart Failure Patients: A Case Study, Danielle M. Schievelbein
Follow-Up Nurse Telephone Calls For Heart Failure Patients: A Case Study, Danielle M. Schievelbein
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Follow-up care is essential when trying to avoid readmissions for patients who have recently been discharged from a healthcare facility. As evidenced by the literature, multiple strategies have been implemented to help manage the care of heart failure patients; however, readmissions continue to be higher than desired, which implies the current strategies utilized should be reviewed and revised. It is important to evaluate the effectiveness of methods when providing follow-up care that prevents readmissions and is also beneficial and convenient for the patient. The qualitative case study explored a heart failure follow-up protocol completed by a registered nurse using the …
Early Adolescent Social Isolation, Hope, And Well-Being During A Pandemic, Alicen Hauck
Early Adolescent Social Isolation, Hope, And Well-Being During A Pandemic, Alicen Hauck
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Social isolation is often divided into two subcategories of objective and subjective. The COVID-19 pandemic has led to an increase in objective social isolation in the form of social distancing and fewer social events. Research delineating the relationship between social isolation and adolescent well-being utilize measures of subjective social isolation. Whereas, measures of objective social isolation are more commonly used with geriatric populations. Therefore, there is a lack of information specific to the impact of objective social isolation on adolescent well-being, particularly during a pandemic. The effects of social isolation due to COVID-19 will not be short lived. Deciphering the …
Parenting Styles, Parenting Practices, And Dietary Intakes Of Preschoolers And Their Parents, Biyi Chen
Parenting Styles, Parenting Practices, And Dietary Intakes Of Preschoolers And Their Parents, Biyi Chen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Emerging research efforts have focused on the role of parents in the development of dietary behaviors of their children. Parental influences play a particularly important role in determining the children’s weight and shaping children’s dietary behaviors, especially during early childhood. Parent-related determinants can be classified as two types—general parenting (parenting style) and specific parenting practices (e.g, food parenting practices). Examining the interactions between parental influences and preschoolers’ and their parental dietary behaviors and may reveal important insights into how parents influence children’s dietary behaviors. Therefore, the goal of this research is to examine the associations between parenting styles, food parenting …
The Impact Of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures On Subchondral Bone Density In Collegiate Populations, Zach Harbaugh
The Impact Of Anterior Cruciate Ligament Ruptures On Subchondral Bone Density In Collegiate Populations, Zach Harbaugh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The purpose of this study was to determine whether anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) rupture and reconstruction would lead to any significant changes in subchondral bone at the proximal tibia within 1 to 5 years post-surgical repair. Fifteen individuals (3 male, 12 female), aged 18 to 29 years old, who had sustained an ACL rupture and subsequent repair within the last 5 years were recruited for this study. An age and sexmatched control was recruited to match each participant. Subchondral volumetric bone mineral density (vBMD) of the proximal tibia was measured using peripheral quantitative computed tomography (pQCT). Additionally, jump force and …
The Relationship Between Food Rules And Childhood Obesity In Rural And Non-Rural Families, Anna Venjohn
The Relationship Between Food Rules And Childhood Obesity In Rural And Non-Rural Families, Anna Venjohn
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: Childhood obesity is continuing to rise, leading to long-term health consequences. Research shows that rural populations have higher rates of childhood obesity. There is a lack of research on how the home environment may affect this health disparity. Parents often enforce food rules to control their child’s eating habits, but the difference between the rural and non-rural populations in enforcing these rules is unknown.
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine if there is a significant difference in food rules between rural and non-rural school-aged children, and if these differences correlate to BMI categories.
Methods: Secondary …
Assessing The Relationship Between Principal Priorities, Written Wellness Policies, And School Wellness Policy Implementation, Courtney Trapp
Assessing The Relationship Between Principal Priorities, Written Wellness Policies, And School Wellness Policy Implementation, Courtney Trapp
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to assess the relationship between principal priorities, written wellness policies, and school wellness policy implementation. Methods: Principal priorities of nutrition and physical activity, written wellness policy quality and degree of policy implementation were assessed in 95 schools from eight states using the principal priorities questionnaire, the Wellness School Assessment Tool (WellSAT) version 2.0, and the Wellness School Assessment Tool for Implementation (WellSAT-I), respectively. Data is analyzed using Stata Statistical Software: Release 15. All data is presented as means ± standard error Statistical significant was set at p≤0.05.
Results: There was not a significant …
Examining Instructional Methods In End-Of-Life Nursing Education: Lecture Vs. Simulation, Jonathan M. Benson
Examining Instructional Methods In End-Of-Life Nursing Education: Lecture Vs. Simulation, Jonathan M. Benson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Undergraduate nursing programs have historically glossed over end-of-life care, if their curricula addressed it at all. This lack of instruction can leave practicing nurses feeling poorly prepared to deliver this specialized care. Feeling incompetent and lacking confidence may lead to poorer attitudes regarding this nursing specialty. Thus, effective continuing education activities are paramount in equipping nurses to provide this care and improve attitudes towards caring for terminally ill patients and their families. The purpose of this study was to examine how registered nurse attitudes towards end-of-life care are impacted using a simulation-based learning experience compared to a traditional face-to-face lecture …
Investigating Post-Concussion Neurocognitive Deficits Using The Immediate Post-Concussion Assessment And Cognitive Testing Tool, Megan Ekern
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Concussions represent a serious public health concern due to their severe short and long-term consequences. Many adolescents participate in sports that involve the chance of injuries such as concussions. Concussive injuries can be difficult to describe because most symptoms involve non-physical indicators such as impaired cognition, altered behavior, or sleep disturbances. Symptoms can also be influenced by age, gender, and previous history of concussions. Current best practice is to remove the athlete from activity and perform several tests to critically evaluate and assess the injury. ImPACT is a type of neuropsychological testing that includes patient information, baseline tests, postinjury assessments, …
Educational Interventions For Women And Their Support Persons On Breastfeeding Outcomes, Alexandra Cordell
Educational Interventions For Women And Their Support Persons On Breastfeeding Outcomes, Alexandra Cordell
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
n the United States breastfeeding duration and exclusivity rates are not at ideal levels, therefore there is a need to examine existing interventions. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the effects of education and support interventions during the third trimester, immediate postpartum, and the first six months of life on breastfeeding duration and exclusivity from six weeks to six months. Inclusion criteria were (a) randomized controlled trials or controlled clinical trials, (b) pregnant and/or postpartum women, (c) lactation education and support interventions, (d) measurement of breastfeeding outcomes from six weeks to six months, and (e) published between …
Profiling Transcription And Retrotransposition Of Mouse L1 Subfamilies, Lingqi Kong
Profiling Transcription And Retrotransposition Of Mouse L1 Subfamilies, Lingqi Kong
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Transposable elements, also called jumping genes, comprise almost 45% of the human genome. In contrast, only 1% of the human genome is protein-coding sequences. The function and advantages of maintaining such massive copies of transposable elements in the human genome are still unclear. Long interspersed element 1 (L1), the most substantial group and the only active autonomous transposable element in the human genome, has revealed its unique roles in many diseases. The insertional mutagenesis induced by L1 retrotransposition events could threaten human genomic stability and generate unexpected mutations. L1 overexpression has been documented in both somatic and germline cells and, …
Alternative Treatment Options For Controlling Anthelmintic-Resistant Haemonchus Contortus Populations In South Dakota Sheep Herds, Adam Sarah
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Haemonchus contortus is a common economically important gastrointestinal nematode that obliges the survival and productivity of small ruminants, especially sheep and goats. Anthelmintic resistance is a primary challenge in ruminant health management programs in preventing and controlling the H. contortus populations; therefore, there is a great necessity in finding and developing natural plant products for use as alternatives to commercial anthelmintics for controlling H. contortus in pastured sheep and goats. This dissertation has three major aims conducted in three separate studies: the first in vivo one was to evaluate the extended effect of a springtime, combined-treatment with 3 anthelmintics having …
Wellness Policy Awareness Among School Leaders And The Impact On Written Policy Scores, Mariah Reil
Wellness Policy Awareness Among School Leaders And The Impact On Written Policy Scores, Mariah Reil
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Background: All schools participating in the National School Lunch Program must possess a written School Wellness Policy (SWP) as mandated by the Healthy, Hunger- Free Kids Act of 2010.1 School officials and leaders play a major role in SWP implementation. It is essential to written SWP implementation that school level officials and leaders in the district are aware of the SWP. However, the association between school leader awareness of SWP and policy quality has not yet been studied.
Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to determine if school leader awareness of a SWP impacts the written SWP quality. …