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Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Structural Basis Of Bilayer Deformation By Membrane-Associated Scaffolds, Adam Frost
Structural Basis Of Bilayer Deformation By Membrane-Associated Scaffolds, Adam Frost
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The assembly of amphipathic lipids into fluid bilayers that are impermeable to macromolecules is fundamental to the existence of viruses, organelles, and cells. Conversely, membrane compartmentalization poses problems, since essential processes like cell division, cell migration, endo-, exo-, and transcytosis all require cells to remodel and even break their membranes without opening lethal leaks. Evolutionary forces have consequently generated proteins that can reversibly mold membranes into planes, spheres, cylinders, and saddle-shaped surfaces. Principally, the BAR (Bin, Amphiphysin, RVS) domain superfamily of proteins are recruited from the cytoplasm to induce or stabilize states of high membrane curvature, while the Dynamin superfamily …
Point Source Emissions Of Epa-Monitored Criteria Pollutants And The Rates Of Ed Visits And Hospitalizations For Asthma In Connecticut, 1996-2002, Tiffany S. North
Point Source Emissions Of Epa-Monitored Criteria Pollutants And The Rates Of Ed Visits And Hospitalizations For Asthma In Connecticut, 1996-2002, Tiffany S. North
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
No abstract provided.
Optimism And Smoking Cessation : The Effect Of Positive Expectations On Participation And Success In Interventions To Promote Smoking Cessation, Chelsea Mao
Public Health Theses
Optimism has been shown to predict both positive health outcomes and positive health behavior. This study aimed to determine whether optimism could predict greater success in smoking cessation and intervention adherence among smokers enrolled in a randomized control trial comparing two six-week smoking interventions. Optimism was measured prior to intervention initiation using a measure of dispositional optimism (LOT-R), and a measure of situational optimism designed by the author. Objective measures of expired carbon monoxide and intervention attendance data were used to evaluate three outcomes: smoking cessation, smoking reduction, and intervention adherence. Linear and logistic regression models were used to assess …
The Uses Of Rickets: Race, Technology, And The Politics Of Preventive Medicine In The Early Twentieth Century, M. Allison Arwady
The Uses Of Rickets: Race, Technology, And The Politics Of Preventive Medicine In The Early Twentieth Century, M. Allison Arwady
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Rickets, the bone disease classically caused by Vitamin D deficiency, was one of the most common diseases of children 100 years ago. It has been recognized as a disease of urban living and linked to issues of race and culture for generations. This paper uses unpublished patient records from 1904 to 1909 and archival and published materials from multiple community-based trials, including the New Haven Rickets Study (1923-1926), to explore how the definition, diagnosis, and treatment of rickets shifted in the first decades of the twentieth century in the United States. Before 1910, as evidenced by patient records, neither the …
Pediatric Consultations To Child Protective Services: The Role Of Expert Opinions, Lindsay Kellogg Mcguire
Pediatric Consultations To Child Protective Services: The Role Of Expert Opinions, Lindsay Kellogg Mcguire
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The purpose of this study was to provide a description of the types of child abuse consultations done by experts at Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital (YNHCH) to Child Protective Services (CPS) in Connecticut, and compare the opinions of the likelihood of child maltreatment of the initial treating physician, CPS, and the child abuse expert. Eligible cases were referred by CPS for expert child abuse consultations at YNHCH between March, 1998 and June, 2005. Abstracted information included demographics, information about the type of injury, and the assessments of the case by the initial treating physician, CPS, and the child abuse expert. …
Clinical And Radiographic Assessment Of Lumbar Spine Total Disc Replacement In Athletes With Two Year Follow Up, Mark H. Mcrae
Clinical And Radiographic Assessment Of Lumbar Spine Total Disc Replacement In Athletes With Two Year Follow Up, Mark H. Mcrae
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The purpose of the study was to evaluate the consequences of athletic activity on the clinical and radiographic outcomes of lumbar spine total disc replacement (TDR) patients. The data for this study is drawn secondarily from a prospective randomized study evaluating the Prodisc prosthesis at Yale New Haven Hospital. Athletic activities prior to the onset of spinal injury, after the onset of spinal injury, and post lumbar spine total disc replacement (TDR) surgery were assessed. Athletic activity was classified into three groups. These were contact/vigorous, moderate, and light, based on effect on the involved spinal segments. Outcomes were assessed both …
Psychosocial Functioning In Childhood Cancer Survivors, Measured By Parent, Teacher And Child Surveys, Tamara Porter Miller
Psychosocial Functioning In Childhood Cancer Survivors, Measured By Parent, Teacher And Child Surveys, Tamara Porter Miller
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The purpose of the current study is to understand emotional and neurocognitive functioning in childhood cancer survivors. In this single-evaluation cross sectional study, 41 childhood cancer survivors (53.2% of those eligible) in the Health Education Research Outcomes in Survivors (HEROS) Clinic at Yale-New Haven Hospital between the ages of six and eighteen and their parents and teachers completed the Behavior Assessment System for Children, Second Edition (BASC-II), Behavior Rating Inventory of Executive Functioning (BRIEF) and Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory (PedsQL). Patients, parents and teachers scores were compared to those of normative populations for emotional, neurocognitive and quality of life …
Community Based Epidemiological Study Of Chagas Disease In Rural Peru, Paul Walker
Community Based Epidemiological Study Of Chagas Disease In Rural Peru, Paul Walker
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the epidemiology of Trypanosoma cruzi infection, to valuate the TESA blot, and to characterize cardiac findings of patients with Chagas disease in a rural setting near Arequipa, Peru. The study site was the town of Quequeña, Peru with a population of 774 with 236 inhabitants under the age of 18 according to the 2005 census conducted by Peru. A fumigation/insect collection campaign was done in December of 2006 to quantify household infestation levels, document housing characteristics, and GPS household locations. Of the 602 people surveyed to be living in Quequeña, blood samples …
Molecular Genetic Approaches To Disease Of Neural Development, Mohamad Bydon
Molecular Genetic Approaches To Disease Of Neural Development, Mohamad Bydon
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
This study utilized novel genetic techniques in order to find causative gene mutations that underlie diseases of neural development. Our laboratory has collected 175 cases of malformations of cortical development (MCD) from the United States and Europe. Four of these cases are the focus of this manuscript: two familial cases of infantile neuroaxonal dystrophy (INAD), a familial case of hereditary spastic paraparesis (HSP), and a sporadic case of Greig cephalopolysyndactyly (GCPS) and cerebral cavernous malformations (CCMs). The techniques utilized to study the affected patients include microarray-based single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping and copy number variation (CNV) analysis, both of which …
Serum S-100b As A Potential Biomarker For Meningitis In Febrile Infants: An Interim Analysis, Kelvin C. Lau
Serum S-100b As A Potential Biomarker For Meningitis In Febrile Infants: An Interim Analysis, Kelvin C. Lau
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The purpose of this study is to identify the utility of serum S-100B levels as a marker for meningitis in febrile infants younger than 3 months of age. All infants younger than 3 months of age who presented to the Pediatric Emergency Department (PED) of Yale-New Haven Children's Hospital and required both a lumbar puncture and venipuncture due to either a confirmed rectal temperature ≥38.0°C or an overall presentation that concerned the responsible physician for possible meningitis and required a lumbar puncture as part of their PED evaluation, were prospectively enrolled. A total of 111 patients participated after a 1.5-year …
The Regulation Of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins In The Heart, Karl Robert Laskowski
The Regulation Of Mitochondrial Uncoupling Proteins In The Heart, Karl Robert Laskowski
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The mitochondrial uncoupling proteins (UCPs) are a recently discovered group of proteins that are present in the inner mitochondrial membrane and mediate a variety of important functions. Involved in transmembrane proton transport, UCPs regulate cellular metabolism as well as prevent reactive oxygen species formation (ROS) and detoxify exogenous ROS. In the heart, these proteins may protect tissue during times of ischemic or metabolic stress. Also activated during metabolic stress is AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which has been shown to provide cardioprotection during ischemia/reperfusion. We hypothesized that AMPK activation plays a role in upregulating the expression of uncoupling proteins UCP2 and …
The Effect Of Teleradiology On Interpretation Times For Ct Pulmonary Angiography Studies, Scott Thomas Olcott Kennedy
The Effect Of Teleradiology On Interpretation Times For Ct Pulmonary Angiography Studies, Scott Thomas Olcott Kennedy
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of a teleradiology service on the timely interpretation of computed tomography (CT) pulmonary angiography studies. A survey of clinical and imaging physicians was performed to develop achievable goals for interpretation of CT pulmonary angiography studies. Percentages of studies given preliminary written reports within these thresholds were compared for 1,102 pulmonary angiography CT studies from three months before teleradiology was implemented to three months after. Identical control data were matched over the same periods for 1,638 CT brain studies. Data are reported as averages and percentages. Statistical significance was evaluated with …
Beyond Patient Satisfaction: Physician Ambivalence, Authenticity, And The Challenges To Patient-Centered Medicine, Kiera S. Levine
Beyond Patient Satisfaction: Physician Ambivalence, Authenticity, And The Challenges To Patient-Centered Medicine, Kiera S. Levine
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Despite tremendous and increasing clinical opportunities for cure and comfort, patients often still feel dissatisfied in their relationship with their doctor. That patient dissatisfaction has endured, even in the face of increasing medical knowledge and capacity, suggests a failing not in the quality of medical treatment but in the way it is administered. Increasingly, the modern medical movement toward patient-centered medical care (and away from doctor-centered care) has attempted to address this failing, looking to patient-satisfaction as one of its primary measures of success in these efforts. However, its willingness to overlook the importance of the basis of reported satisfaction, …
The Role Of Matrix Metalloproteinases In Axon Guidance And Neurite Outgrowth, Lu Anne Velayo Dinglasan
The Role Of Matrix Metalloproteinases In Axon Guidance And Neurite Outgrowth, Lu Anne Velayo Dinglasan
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Axons navigating the complex environment of the developing CNS use extracellular guidance cues to help find their correct synaptic target. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs), a family of zinc-dependent proteolytic enzymes, have been shown to regulate axon guidance by degrading extracellular matrix (ECM) or by cleaving guidance cues and their receptors. The olfactory system is an excellent model for studying the role of MMPs in axon guidance due to its capacity for continuous nerve regeneration and topographic maintenance during synaptic targeting. I hypothesized that MMPs may play a role in guiding olfactory sensory neurons to their correct glomerular target by sculpting the …
Role Of Mkl1 In Megakaryocytopoiesis And In T(1;22)-Associated Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia, James Troy
Role Of Mkl1 In Megakaryocytopoiesis And In T(1;22)-Associated Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia, James Troy
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The t(1;22)(p13;q13) translocation creates a fusion of the genes RBM15 and MKL1 and is exclusively associated with the infantile form of Acute Megakaryoblastic Leukemia, or AML variant M7. Although MKL1 is a known coactivator of the Serum Response Factor (SRF) pathway, it is not known whether MKL1 plays an important role in megakaryocytic commitment or differentiation. This project investigated the role of MKL1 in normal megakaryocytopoiesis by using a human CD34+ hematopoietic stem cell (HSC) model. Human CD34+ HSCs were transduced with lentiviral vectors expressing either MKL1 or dominant negative MKL1 (DN-MKL1) and were cultured in conditions promoting megakaryocytopoiesis. After …
Older Adults' Understanding Of Cardiovascular Risk And Preventive Medication Benefit, Elizabeth R. Wahl
Older Adults' Understanding Of Cardiovascular Risk And Preventive Medication Benefit, Elizabeth R. Wahl
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Medication decision making in older adults with multiple chronic conditions is complicated; communication between patients and physicians to establish concordant treatment goals can enhance this process. While patients' ability to make informed decisions about treatment priorities depends on their ability to understand the risks and benefits of medications and the likelihood of disease outcomes, patients' knowledge of medication-related benefits is unexplored. We examined older adults' estimation of their 10-year risk of myocardial infarction (MI) and stroke, and the degree to which they thought common medications were able to prevent these outcomes. 150 male veterans age 65 or older and taking …