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Articles 1 - 14 of 14
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Implementing Partially Effective Hiv Prevention Programs: Changes In Sexual Risk Behavior And Epidemic Impact In Sub-Saharan Africa, Kyeen Mesesan
Implementing Partially Effective Hiv Prevention Programs: Changes In Sexual Risk Behavior And Epidemic Impact In Sub-Saharan Africa, Kyeen Mesesan
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
While there is no magic bullet that can completely prevent HIV transmission and halt the HIV/AIDS pandemic, governments and policy makers have an array of partially-effective HIV prevention programs from which to choose, including the use of existing interventions (e.g. education and condom use) and technologies under development (e.g. microbicides and vaccines). Complex decisions regarding if, when, and how to implement various programs with partial efficacy must be made, often in the absence of data on program outcomes. Additionally, the quantitative tradeoff between program-related decreases in HIV transmission and the effects of risk behavior change is often unknown. The potential …
Memory T Cells And The Endothelium In Allograft Rejection, Stephen Lawrence Shiao
Memory T Cells And The Endothelium In Allograft Rejection, Stephen Lawrence Shiao
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Organ transplantation has become increasingly important as a treatment for many human diseases. Despite the dramatic improvements in immunosuppression in recent years, acute and chronic rejection remain significant problems. It has become increasingly evident that the presence of T cell memory correlates with both acute and chronic rejection episodes. Endothelial cells (EC) have been shown to preferentially activate memory T cells and, as the lining of every transplanted organ, they are in a unique position to provide signals to alloreactive memory T cells. EC activation of memory T cells depends in part on the costimulatory molecule LFA-3 in addition to …
Biochemical And Functional Characterization Of The Tapasin/Erp57 Conjugate, David Ryan Peaper
Biochemical And Functional Characterization Of The Tapasin/Erp57 Conjugate, David Ryan Peaper
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Recognition of MHC class I/peptide complexes is required for the generation of CD8+ T cell responses. Peptide loading onto MHC class I/beta2m dimers occurs in the ER and involves both specific proteins and cellular chaperones. Tapasin is essential for peptide loading onto most MHC class I alleles, and it forms a mixed disulfide with the glycoprotein specific oxidoreductase ERp57. I have characterized the biochemical requirements for tapasin/ERp57 conjugate formation and addressed potential functions for ERp57 in peptide loading. Tapasin specifically recruits ERp57 into a mixed disulfide at the expense of free ERp57 in the ER. Other components of the MHC …
The Role Of Bone Marrow Derived Cells In A Model Of Hepatic Regeneration, Maria Mazzeo
The Role Of Bone Marrow Derived Cells In A Model Of Hepatic Regeneration, Maria Mazzeo
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
To examine the relationship between liver injury and the appearance of bone marrow derived hepatic cells we performed sex-mismatched bone marrow transplants in mice, with subsequent liver injury. Co-labeling for a marker of donor bone marrow origin and a marker of liver epithelial phenotype allowed us to identify rare marrow-derived hepatocytes at various time points following liver damage. The number of marrow-derived hepatocytes was low, however, and did not allow us to determine if liver-specific injury upregulated this process from baseline. We conclude that while marrow-derived hepatocytes are found, the low level of occurrence in this study makes it impossible …
The Founding Of The National Medical Association, Karen Morris
The Founding Of The National Medical Association, Karen Morris
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
In 1869, a mere four years after the end of the Civil War and during a time when Southern sentiment ran high in Washington, D.C., three African-American physicians applied for membership into the all-white Medical Society of the District of Columbia (MSDC). Though meeting all eligibility requirements, they were denied admission into this society based solely on their race. Amidst much publicity in the local newspapers, the three physicians and their supporters sought remedy of the exclusionary practices of the MSDC on the floor of Congress and at the American Medical Associations (AMA) Annual Meeting. However, those opposed to integrating …
A Comparison Of Cyclic Valgus Loading On Reconstructed Ulnar Collateral Ligament Of The Elbow, Roshan Pradip Shah
A Comparison Of Cyclic Valgus Loading On Reconstructed Ulnar Collateral Ligament Of The Elbow, Roshan Pradip Shah
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
This study compares the biomechanics of early cyclic valgus loading of the ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) of the elbow repaired by either the Jobe technique or the docking technique. Better understanding of the biomechanical properties of each reconstruction may help surgeons choose the optimal surgical technique, particularly in planning earlier rehabilitation programs. Sixteen fresh frozen cadaver limbs (eight pairs) were randomized to either the Jobe cohort or the docking cohort. First intact UCLs were tested, followed by the repaired constructions. A Bionix MTS apparatus applied a constant valgus load to the elbows at 70o flexion, and valgus displacement was measured …
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome As A Function Of Gestational Age And The Lecithin/Sphingomyelin Ratio, Caryn M. St. Clair
Neonatal Respiratory Distress Syndrome As A Function Of Gestational Age And The Lecithin/Sphingomyelin Ratio, Caryn M. St. Clair
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
This study was designed to derive predictive logistic regression equations to allow the risk of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) to be defined as a function of both the lecithin/sphingomyelin (L/S) ratio and gestational age. We hypothesize that the optimal cutoff value will vary significantly depending on gestational age, and that our data will support the need to account for gestational age when interpreting test results. Data was collected via a retrospective chart review. Women who underwent amniocentesis for the purpose of assessing fetal lung maturity at Yale-New Haven Hospital from 1998 to 2004 were identified and included if delivery …
Significance Of "Atypia" Found On Needle Biopsy Of The Breast: Correlation With Surgical Outcome, Anika Nina Watson
Significance Of "Atypia" Found On Needle Biopsy Of The Breast: Correlation With Surgical Outcome, Anika Nina Watson
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Although core needle biopsy has been shown to be effective in diagnosing both benign and malignant mammographically detected lesions in the breast, it has also been shown to underestimate cancer most likely due to sampling error. Since a diagnosis of atypical hyperplasia versus malignancy is based on quantitative factors (which could be affected by an error in sampling), the current recommendation is surgical excision for atypical hyperplasia diagnosed on core biopsy. The purpose of the study was to determine if a subset of patients with atypia diagnosed by core biopsy fit the Breast Imaging Reporting and Data Systems (BI-RADS) Category …
Effects Of The New Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Pxd101 In Bladder Cancer, Hristos Zacharias Kaimakliotis
Effects Of The New Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor Pxd101 In Bladder Cancer, Hristos Zacharias Kaimakliotis
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Histone deacetylase inhibitors (HDACIs) mediate gene expression and chromatin assembly, and induce growth arrest and apoptosis of tumor cells, thus representing a new strategy for human cancer therapy. Changes in apoptosis signaling pathways and the effect on cell growth and cell-cycle arrest of a new HDACI, PXD101, on T-24 bladder cancer cells form the basis of this study. T-24 cells were incubated with PXD101 at varying concentrations and times, and viable cell count and proliferation curves were constructed. Cell cycle analysis was conducted with Fluorescent Activated Cell Sorting and changes in apoptosis signaling proteins that were previously found to be …
Altered Parvalbumin-Positive Neuron Distribution In Basal Ganglia Of Individuals With Tourette Syndrome, Paul S.A. Kalanithi
Altered Parvalbumin-Positive Neuron Distribution In Basal Ganglia Of Individuals With Tourette Syndrome, Paul S.A. Kalanithi
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
The neuropathology of Tourette Syndrome (TS) is poorly characterized. This thesis provides the first quantitative stereologic immunohistochemical study of the basal ganglia in TS. TS is a childhood neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by motor and vocal tics. Previous imaging studies found alterations in caudate (Cd) and putamen (Pt) volumes. To investigate possible alterations in cell populations, postmortem basal ganglia tissue from individuals with TS and normal controls (NC) was analyzed using unbiased stereological techniques. A markedly higher (>160% of control) total neuron number and density was found in the internal segment of the globus pallidus (GPi) of TS (p220% of …
Cost-Effectiveness Of Hepatitis A And Hepatitis B Vaccination For Jail Inmates, Aditya Sharma
Cost-Effectiveness Of Hepatitis A And Hepatitis B Vaccination For Jail Inmates, Aditya Sharma
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Despite evidence that viral hepatitis poses a significant risk to public health, universal vaccination has not yet been implemented. The risk for viral hepatitis infection is particularly high among injection drug users and other individuals who do not attend regular health care visits. Jails provide a structural opportunity to vaccinate these high risk individuals. HAV and HBV vaccines administered on an accelerated three week schedule could dramatically decrease the lifetime risk for contracting viral hepatitis among jail detainees. Assuming that 75% of detainees would accept vaccination, 33% have previous exposure to HAV, 25% have previous exposure to HBV, and independent …
Clinical Characteristics And Treatment Response To Radiotherapy Of Optic Nerve Sheath Meningiomas, Silas Wang
Clinical Characteristics And Treatment Response To Radiotherapy Of Optic Nerve Sheath Meningiomas, Silas Wang
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Recent reports of success with conventional, conformal, and stereotactic radiotherapy in stabilizing or improving visual function in patients with primary optic nerve sheath meningiomas have reduced the controversy surrounding the optimal treatment of these rare tumors. To analyze trends in the clinical presentation and diagnosis of optic nerve sheath meningiomas and to evaluate the effectiveness and side-effect profile of three-dimensional conformal radiotherapy versus other treatment modalities, a retrospective chart review was performed on patients with optic nerve sheath meningiomas treated at The Eye Care Group and at the Department of Therapeutic Radiology, Yale University School of Medicine, in New Haven, …
Gene Expression Patterns In Patients With High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema: A Gene Microarray Analysis, Lauren Kendall Krause
Gene Expression Patterns In Patients With High-Altitude Pulmonary Edema: A Gene Microarray Analysis, Lauren Kendall Krause
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Multiple modulating genes and environmental factors have been implicated in the pathogenesis of high-altitude pulmonary edema (HAPE). However, at the present time, there exists an incomplete understanding of the molecular mechanisms and pathways which underlie constitutional susceptibility. Genome-wide measurements of gene expression in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) were performed using microarray technology. Comparison of gene expression profiles of HAPE-susceptible and resistant individuals resulted in the identification of several previously undescribed candidate genes. RhoA and Rho-kinase (ROCK), regulators of vascular smooth muscle contraction, were differentially regulated in the HAPE-susceptible cohort, as compared to both HAPE-resistant patients with acute mountain sickness …
Stigma Perceived By Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Attending The Infectious Diseases Clinic Of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Fann In Dakar, Senegal, Nana Akua Asafu-Agyei
Stigma Perceived By Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus Attending The Infectious Diseases Clinic Of Centre Hospitalier Universitaire De Fann In Dakar, Senegal, Nana Akua Asafu-Agyei
Yale Medicine Thesis Digital Library
Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)-associated stigma is pervasive throughout the world. This stigma affects the ability of HIV-positive individuals to cope with their illness and it also affects behaviors around sexual practices, disclosure to others and the use of healthcare. The purpose of the research project was to examine the experience of internalized stigma among HIV-positive persons and their perceptions of stigmatizing attitudes in the community. The study also examined disclosure of HIV serostatus and identified factors contributing to disclosure and stigma in Senegal, a low prevalence Muslim country in West Africa. A cross-sectional study was conducted at Centre Hospitalier Universitaire …