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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Dietary Patterns May Sustain Weight Loss Among Adults, Linda Tapsell, Elizabeth Neale, Deborah Nolan-Clark
Dietary Patterns May Sustain Weight Loss Among Adults, Linda Tapsell, Elizabeth Neale, Deborah Nolan-Clark
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Sustainable weight loss requires a shift in eating behaviour maintained over a long time period. Research in this area focuses on dietary patterns based on cuisines that emphasise intakes of common core foods or those that target specific nutrients, such as fat. This review examined the literature to identify evidence on dietary patterns that may be effective for sustained weight loss. Medline, Pubmed, Scopus, and ScienceDirect were searched for relevant literature, and 14 trials were reviewed. Overall, Mediterranean, vegetarian, and low-fat dietary patterns were associated with sustained weight loss under energy-restricted conditions. Evidence to support the efficacy of the Mediterranean …
Sediment Disturbance Associated With Trampling By Humans Alters Species Assemblages On A Rocky Intertidal Seashore, Todd E. Minchinton, Katie J. Fels
Sediment Disturbance Associated With Trampling By Humans Alters Species Assemblages On A Rocky Intertidal Seashore, Todd E. Minchinton, Katie J. Fels
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Our observations reveal that species living on rocky intertidal reefs can be positively and negatively associated with increasing sediment load. We therefore tested the hypothesis that sediment disturbance, including increased sediment loads associated with trampling by humans, alters the abundance of macroinvertebrates on a sheltered rocky intertidal platform in southern Australia. First we trampled the reef in shallow water at several disturbance intensities, simulating different numbers of people walking on the platform on a rising tide, and determined that sediment load was directly related to trampling intensity. Trampling displaced sediment, and up to an order of magnitude more sediment accumulated …
Regional Variations In Transepidermal Water Loss, Eccrine Sweat Gland Density, Sweat Secretion Rates And Electrolyte Composition In Resting And Exercising Humans, Nigel As Taylor, Christiano A. Machado-Moreira
Regional Variations In Transepidermal Water Loss, Eccrine Sweat Gland Density, Sweat Secretion Rates And Electrolyte Composition In Resting And Exercising Humans, Nigel As Taylor, Christiano A. Machado-Moreira
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Literature from the past 168 years has been filtered to provide a unified summary of the regional distribution of cutaneous water and electrolyte losses. The former occurs via transepidermal water vapour diffusion and secretion from the eccrine sweat glands. Daily insensible water losses for a standardised individual (surface area 1.8 m2) will be 0.6–2.3 L, with the hands (80–160 g.h−1) and feet (50–150 g.h−1) losing the most, the head and neck losing intermediate amounts (40–75 g.h−1) and all remaining sites losing 15–60 g.h−1. Whilst sweat gland densities vary widely across the skin surface, this same individual would possess some 2.03 …
Humans, Megafauna And Environmental Change In Tropical Australia, Michael I. Bird, Lindsay B. Hutley, Michael J. Lawes, Jon Lloyd, Jon G. Luly, Peter V. Ridd, Richard G. Roberts, Sean Ulm, Christoper M. Wurster
Humans, Megafauna And Environmental Change In Tropical Australia, Michael I. Bird, Lindsay B. Hutley, Michael J. Lawes, Jon Lloyd, Jon G. Luly, Peter V. Ridd, Richard G. Roberts, Sean Ulm, Christoper M. Wurster
Faculty of Science, Medicine and Health - Papers: part A
Debate concerning the environmental impact of human arrival in Australia has continued for more than a century. Here we review the evidence for human impact and the mechanisms by which humans may have affected the environment of tropical Australia. We limit our review to tropical Australia because, over three decades ago, it was proposed that the imposition of an anthropogenic fire regime upon human occupation of the Australian continent may have resulted in profound changes in regional vegetation and climate across this region. We conclude that ecological processes and vegetation-fire-climate-human feedbacks do exist that could have driven a significant shift …
Reflex Changes Associated With Anticipatory Postural Adjustments Preceding Voluntary Arm Movements In Standing Humans, Siddharth Vedula, Paul J. Stapley, Robert E. Kearney
Reflex Changes Associated With Anticipatory Postural Adjustments Preceding Voluntary Arm Movements In Standing Humans, Siddharth Vedula, Paul J. Stapley, Robert E. Kearney
Faculty of Health and Behavioural Sciences - Papers (Archive)
Dynamic changes in human stability, such as those induced by upper body movements, are preceded by anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) in the rest of the body. We measured the excitability of the stretch reflex of the triceps-surae muscle group during APAs associated with unilateral right arm raises in standing humans. Our results demonstrate that reflex excitability and underlying muscle activity are linked during the APA period, but that they differ in their relative timing. This supports the idea that reflexes are controlled independently of muscle activation.