Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Cd43 Modulates Severity And Onset Of Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis., Thandi M. Onami, M. L. Ford, A. Sperling, R. Ahmed, B. D. Evavold

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

Experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) is a mouse model of multiple sclerosis characterized by infiltration of activated CD4(+) T lymphocytes into tissues of the CNS. This study investigated the role of CD43 in the induction and progression of EAE. Results demonstrate that CD43-deficient mice have reduced and delayed clinical and histological disease severity relative to CD43(+/+) mice. This reduction was characterized by decreased CD4(+) T cell infiltration of the CNS of CD43(-/-) mice but similar numbers of Ag-specific T cells in the periphery, suggesting a defect in T cell trafficking to the CNS. The absence of CD43 also affected cytokine production, …

A Randomized, Placebo Controlled, Trial Of Preoperative Sustained Release Betamethasone Plus Non-Controlled Intraoperative Ketorolac Or Fentanyl On Pain After Diagnostic Laparoscopy Or Laparoscopic Tubal Ligation [Isrctn52633712], Warren P. Bagley, A. Audie Smith, Jessie D. Hebert, Carolyn C. Snider, Gary A. Sega, Marsha D. Piller, Paula C. Carney, Roger C. Carroll

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Nursing

Background

Gynecological laparoscopic surgery procedures are often complicated by postoperative pain resulting in an unpleasant experience for the patient, delayed discharge, and increased cost. Glucocorticosteroids have been suggested to reduce the severity and incidence of postoperative pain.

Methods

This study examines the efficacy of a sustained release betamethasone preparation to reduce postoperative pain and the requirement for pain relief drugs after either diagnostic laparoscopy or tubal ligation. Patients were recruited, as presenting, after obtaining informed consent. Prior to surgery, patients were randomly selected by a computer generated table to receive either pharmacy-coded betamethasone (12 mg IM Celestone™) or an optically …

Returning Home And Leaving Again: A Phenomenological Investigation Of A Sojourner’S Experience, Victoria Christofi

Doctoral Dissertations

Two studies were conducted for this project. The goal of the first study was to describe the structure of the experience of individuals who have returned home after their stay abroad. The goal of the second study was to describe the structure of the experience of individuals who have returned to the country in which they studied, after having returned home. To accomplish these goals, phenomenological interviews were conducted with seventeen participants. In the first study, nine participants were interviewed in their own country after they had been abroad for their studies. In the second study, eight participants were interviewed; …

“Effects Of N-3 And N-6 Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids On Human Promyelocytic Hl- 60 Cells, Robert Clements Gillis

Doctoral Dissertations

Enteral nutrition with eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA; 20:5 n-3) and γ-linolenic acid (GLA; 18:3 n-6) decreased pulmonary inflammation by reducing neutrophil counts and chemotactic factors in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid during acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). We hypothesize that the antiinflammatory effects of EPA and GLA may be due, in part, to induction of neutrophil apoptosis. Neutrophil apoptosis is an important physiological process in the resolution of pulmonary inflammation. Furthermore, pro-inflammatory eicosanoids formed from arachidonic acid (AA) by lipoxygenase (LO) and cyclooxygenase (COX) pathways have been shown to inhibit apoptosis in certain cell types. The purpose of this dissertation is to determine …

Geographical And Temporal Distribution Of Human Giardiasis In Ontario, Canada., Agricola Odoi, S W. Martin, P Michel, J Holt, D Middleton, J Wilson

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

BACKGROUND: Giardia is the most frequently identified intestinal parasite in North America. Although information on geographical distribution of giardiasis is critical in identifying communities at high risk, little has been done in this area. Therefore, the objective of this study was to investigate the geographical and temporal distribution of human giardiasis in Ontario in order to identify possible high risk areas and seasons. Two spatial scales of analyses and two disease measures were used with a view to identifying the best of each in assessing geographical patterns of giardiasis in Ontario. Global Moran's I and Moran Local Indicators of Spatial …

United States Air Force Security Forces Merger And Career Satisfaction Relating To Retention, Clint A. Cantrell

Masters Theses

The relationship between the Air Force merger of Law Enforcement personnel, Security Police personnel, and Combat Arms Training and Maintenance personnel into the Air Force Security Forces Career Field; and job retention was investigated among 209 Air Force Security Forces Enlisted Personnel at five different Air Force bases (Columbus Air Force Base (AFB), MS, Keesler AFB, MS, Eglin AFB, FL, Hurlburt Field Air Base, FL, and Moody AFB, GA). Participants completed a 91-item survey designed to measure merger satisfaction, career and job satisfaction, life satisfaction, job involvement, job stress, turnover intentions and demographic data. The results showed only four items …

The Role Of Polyglutamine Aggregate Cytotoxicity In Huntington’S Disease, Wen Yang

Doctoral Dissertations

Polyglutamine diseases refer to a group of neuro-degenerative diseases including Huntington's disease , that share the same mutational basis: expansion of a CAG repeat coding sequence that encodes for a polyglutamine repeat in the respective proteins. Neuronal intranuclear inclusions (NII) formed by the aggregation of the expanded polyglutamine proteins is a hallmark of polyglutamine diseases. However, it is still under debate whether the polyglutamine aggregates are toxic to the cells, and if so, which aggregated forms are the toxic species. While important data has been provided by the existing transfected cell and transgenic animal models, technical aspects have limited our …

Primary And Secondary Immunocompetence In Mixed Allogeneic Chimeras, Thandi M. Onami, M. A. Williams, A. B. Adams, M. B. Walsh, N. Shirasugi, T. C. Pearson, R. Ahmed, C. P. Larsen

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

Targeted disruption of T cell costimulatory pathways, particularly CD28 and CD40, has allowed for the development of minimally myeloablative strategies for the induction of mixed allogeneic chimerism and donor-specific tolerance across full MHC barriers. In this study we analyze in depth the ability of mixed allogeneic chimeras in two strain combinations to mount effective host-restricted and donor-restricted antiviral CD4 and CD8 responses, as well as the impact of development of mixed chimerism on the maintenance of pre-existing memory populations. While antiviral CD8 responses in mixed chimeras following acute viral infection with lymphocytic choriomeningitis virus Armstrong or vaccinia virus are largely …

Expression And Localization Of Estrogen Receptor-Alpha Protein In Normal And Abnormal Term Placentae And Stimulation Of Trophoblast Differentiation By Estradiol, A Bukovsky, Maria Cekanova Ms, Rndr, Phd, Mr Caudle, J Wimalasena, Js Foster, Dc Henley, Rf Elder

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology

Estrogens play an important role in the regulation of placental function, and 17-beta-estradiol (E2) production rises eighty fold during human pregnancy. Although term placenta has been found to specifically bind estrogens, cellular localization of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) in trophoblast remains unclear. We used western blot analysis and immunohistochemistry with h-151 and ID5 monoclonal antibodies to determine the expression and cellular localization of ER-alpha protein in human placentae and cultured trophoblast cells. Western blot analysis revealed a ~65 kDa ER-alpha band in MCF-7 breast carcinoma cells (positive control). A similar band was detected in five normal term placentae exhibiting strong …

Comparison Of Phenotypic Traits And Genetic Relatedness Of Salmonella Enterica Subspecies Arizonae Isolates From A Colony Of Ridgenose Rattlesnakes With Osteomyelitis, Davis A. Bemis, M A. Owston, A La Lickey, Stephen A. Kania, P Ebner, Barton W. Rohrbach Dr., Edward C. Ramsay

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biomedical and Diagnostic Sciences

Reptiles are well-known sources of human Salmonella infections; however, little is known about the ability of Salmonella to cause disease in reptiles. Thirty-seven isolates of Salmonella enterica subspecies arizonae (S. arizonae) were obtained from retrospective and prospective studies of a closed colony of ridgenose rattlesnakes (Crotalus willardi) with osteomyelitis. All isolates (n=7) from bone lesions were of a single serotype, 56:z4,z23, and this serotype was found on only one occasion among 8 other serotypes isolated from 21 cloacal and intestinal samples. The remainder (n=7) of serotype 56:z4,z23 isolates were from other extraintestinal sites, including liver, ovary, blood, and testis. S. …

Clinical Implications Of Therapeutic Exercise In Hiv/Aids, C. Bopp, Kenneth D. Phillips, L.J. Fulk, G.A. Hand

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Nursing

No abstract provided.

Disclosure Of Hiv Infection: How Do Women Decide To Tell?, R.L. Sowell, B.F. Seals, Kenneth D. Phillips, C.H. Julious

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Nursing

This descriptive study explores the phenomenon of disclosure of HIV infection by women. Specifically, we examined women’s level of disclosure to various groups and how these disclosure decisions are made. The sample consisted of 322 HIV-infected women residing in the southern US. Participants were predominantly African-American, single women of reproductive age with yearly incomes less than $10 000. Data were collected at the first interview of a longitudinal study of reproductive decision making. Findings showed that the majority of the women had disclosed to some sex partners, close family and friends, and health care professionals. However, for a group of …

Men's Anger: A Phenomenological Exploration Of Its Meaning In A Middle Class Sample Of American Men, Sandra Thomas

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Nursing

This study explored the meaning of men's anger, using the methodology of eidetic (descriptive) phenomenology. A community sample of 19 middle-class American men, ranging in age from 20 to 50 years, participated in audiotaped interviews. Two prominent themes, right versus wrong and being controlled versus having control, were contextualized by the world in which masculinity has been socially constructed and emotion is regulated accordingly. Interwoven throughout anger narratives were descriptors of the intense physical arousal felt within the body. Time was an important contextual ground for men's anger experience, with sharp contrasts drawn between anger then and now. Findings suggest …

"None Of Us Will Ever Be The Same Again:" Reactions Of American Midlife Women To 9/11, Sandra Thomas

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Nursing

According to terror management theory (TMT), an event that heightens awareness of death produces the need to defend against existential anxiety. The horrifying events of September 11, 2001 (9/11), created an unparalleled opportunity to apply TMT beyond the laboratory. This study examined post-9/11 stress (via perceived stress scale [PSS] scores) and interview responses of a diverse community sample of American midlife women (ages 35-60). Previous studies showed that many women have high stress during midlife, suggesting that 9/11 could have a unique impact on this segment of the U.S. population. Education of the sample ranged from 12 to 23 years. …

Placental Expression Of Estrogen Receptor Beta And Its Hormone Binding Variant – Comparison With Estrogen Receptor Alpha And A Role For Estrogen Receptors In Asymmetric Division And Differentiation Of Estrogen-Dependent Cells, Antonin Bukovsky, Michael R. Caudle, Maria Cekanova Ms, Rndr, Phd, Romaine I. Fernando, Jay Wimalasena, James S. Foster, Donald C. Henley, Robert F. Elder

Faculty Publications and Other Works -- Biochemistry, Cellular and Molecular Biology

During human pregnancy, the production of 17-beta-estradiol (E2) rises steadily to eighty fold at term, and placenta has been found to specifically bind estrogens. We have recently demonstrated the expression of estrogen receptor alpha (ER-alpha) protein in human placenta and its localization in villous cytotrophoblast (CT), vascular pericytes, and amniotic fibroblasts. In vitro, E2 stimulated development of large syncytiotrophoblast (ST) aggregates. In the present study we utilized ER-beta affinity purified polyclonal (N19:sc6820) and ER-alpha monoclonal (clone h-151) antibodies. Western blot analysis revealed a single ~52 kDa ER-beta band in chorionic villi (CV) protein extracts. In CV, strong cytoplasmic ER-beta immunoreactivity …

Tcr Signal Transduction In Antigen-Specific Memory Cd8 T Cells, Thandi M. Onami, Ellen N. Kersh, Susan M. Kaech, Miriana Moran, E. John Wherry, M. Carrie Miceli, Rafi Ahmed

Microbiology Publications and Other Works

Memory T cells are more responsive to Ag than naive cells. To determine whether memory T cells also have more efficient TCR signaling, we compared naive, effector, and memory CD8 T cells of the same antigenic specificity. Surprisingly, initial CD3 signaling events are indistinguishable. However, memory T cells have more extensive lipid rafts with higher phosphoprotein content before TCR engagement. Upon activation in vivo, they more efficiently induce phosphorylation of-LAT (linker for activation of T cells), ERK (extracellular signal-regulated kinase), JNK (c-Jun N-terminal kinase), and p38. Thus, memory CD8 T cells do not increase their TCR sensitivity, but are better …

Volume 1, Number 3 (2003), Ut Institute Of Agriculture

Tennessee Land, Life and Science Magazine

Issue Highlights:

• Booming Biotechnology
• Lessons in Leadership
• New Options for Producers
• Entering an Exciting New Era

Volume 1, Number 2 (2003), Ut Institute Of Agriculture

Tennessee Land, Life and Science Magazine

Issue Highlights:

• Insects as Teaching Tools
• Helping Children Succeed
• Honors Student Faces Bright Future
• Reinventing the Family Farm

Volume 1, Number 1 (2003), Ut Institute Of Agriculture

Tennessee Land, Life and Science Magazine

Issue Highlights:

• Adding Value to Dogwoods
• A Building to Advance Science
• Teaching Lessons in Life
• Towards a Brighter Forest Future