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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences

Mobile-Based Sidewalk Inventory App For Smart Communities, Health, And Safety, Madhav Erraguntla, Dursun Delen, Rupesh K. Agrawal, Karthic Madanagopal, Richard Mayer Oct 2017

Mobile-Based Sidewalk Inventory App For Smart Communities, Health, And Safety, Madhav Erraguntla, Dursun Delen, Rupesh K. Agrawal, Karthic Madanagopal, Richard Mayer

Suburban Sustainability

As the United States and other nations strive to cope with the obesity epidemic (NCHS, 2015), progressive communities are developing sidewalk infrastructure to promote physical activity and health. The Center for Disease Control (CDC) recommends that community-based interventions like neighborhood walk, bike programs etc. have shown to be effective in promoting physical activity and health. Smart cities are embracing the development of community trails and promoting their use to increase physical activity among youth and adults. System implementation, data collection, and analysis were performed from January 2015 through July 2015. To promote these objectives, communities and cities need accurate information …


Using Visual Analogies To Teach Introductory Statistical Concepts, Jessica S. Ancker, Melissa D. Begg Jul 2017

Using Visual Analogies To Teach Introductory Statistical Concepts, Jessica S. Ancker, Melissa D. Begg

Numeracy

Introductory statistical concepts are some of the most challenging to convey in quantitative literacy courses. Analogies supplemented by visual illustrations can be highly effective teaching tools. This literature review shows that to exploit the power of analogies, teachers must select analogies familiar to the audience, explicitly link the analog with the target concept, and avert misconceptions by explaining where the analogy fails. We provide guidance for instructors and a series of visual analogies for use in teaching medical and health statistics.


Clinician Numeracy: Use Of The Medical Interpretation And Numeracy Test In Foundation Trainee Doctors, Anne A. Taylor, Lucie M. Byrne-Davis Jul 2017

Clinician Numeracy: Use Of The Medical Interpretation And Numeracy Test In Foundation Trainee Doctors, Anne A. Taylor, Lucie M. Byrne-Davis

Numeracy

Patient safety is a priority in healthcare today. Good clinician numeracy in doctors contributes to patient safety, since it is essential for accuracy in prescribing, and in data interpretation. Evidence, however, suggests that although doctors are assumed to be highly numerate, they often make errors in drug dose calculation and struggle to interpret medical statistics. Having developed a new assessment measure, the Medical Interpretation and Numeracy Test (MINT), we describe its use to evaluate clinician numeracy in 135 recently qualified doctors in the UK ("foundation trainees," i.e., in their first two years post-graduation). The maximum possible test score was 43; …


Medicapt In The Democratic Republic Of The Congo: The Design, Development, And Deployment Of Mobile Technology To Document Forensic Evidence Of Sexual Violence, Karen Naimer, Widney Brown, Ranit Mishori May 2017

Medicapt In The Democratic Republic Of The Congo: The Design, Development, And Deployment Of Mobile Technology To Document Forensic Evidence Of Sexual Violence, Karen Naimer, Widney Brown, Ranit Mishori

Genocide Studies and Prevention: An International Journal

This review essay provides an overview of the MediCapt app and the steps Physicians for Human Rights has taken to design, develop, and field-test the app in the Democratic Republic of the Congo. It also explores advocacy opportunities that the app’s emerging technology may facilitate down the road. This review essay also identifies the many challenges and questions that we have grappled with and lessons learned as we seek to deploy MediCapt in a low-resourced and politically unstable context and take it to scale beyond DRC. Finally, in sharing the details of this case study, we hope to emphasize both …


Parts Of The Whole: Error Estimation For Science Students, Dorothy Wallace Jan 2017

Parts Of The Whole: Error Estimation For Science Students, Dorothy Wallace

Numeracy

It is important for science students to understand not only how to estimate error sizes in measurement data, but also to see how these errors contribute to errors in conclusions they may make about the data. Relatively small errors in measurement, errors in assumptions, and roundoff errors in computation may result in large error bounds on computed quantities of interest. In this column, we look closely at a standard method for measuring the volume of cancer tumor xenografts to see how small errors in each of these three factors may contribute to relatively large observed errors in recorded tumor volumes.