Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Comparison Of The Effectiveness Of Eye Protection Methods Used In General Anesthesia, Larry W. Johnson

Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this quasi experimental, clinical study was to determine whether taping of the eye or applying ophthalmic ointment along with taping of the eye yields a difference in occurrence and symptoms of corneal epithelial defects in surgical patients undergoing general anesthesia. Orem's Self-Care Deficit Theory provided the theoretical framework for this study.

Fifty subjects were randomly selected from a convenience sample of surgical patients in two 300 bed hospitals located in a Midwestern state. The subjects ranged from 18 to 60 years of age. The subjects had no history of previous eye surgery or glaucoma, and were not …

Hippotherapy As A Modality In Rehabilitation, H. Rebecca Adams

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Hippotherapy is fast becoming a treatment option for today's therapists. Recent efforts in rehabilitation have focused on emphasizing the "multidisciplinary team" approach, involving occupational therapy, physical therapy, speech and language pathologists as well as including members of the family in the clinic's treatment process. Hippotherapy is the way in which these disciplines can easily be combined, as well as including the family in an educational as well as exciting treatment program for clients. This study will review a wide source of literature addressing the definition and process of hippotherapy and the physiological components of the program. Indications, contraindications and precautions …

The Diagnosis And Treatment Of Benign Paroxysmal Positional Vertigo, Jennifer Anderson

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Benign paroxysmal positional vertigo (BPPV) is a disorder of the peripheral vestibular system presenting with nystagmus and vertigo. Other symptoms experienced include nausea, vomiting, and balance disturbances. The purpose of this paper is to review diagnostic and rehabilitation techniques currently being utilized. First, the anatomy and physiology of the peripheral vestibular system will be explained. Next, the diagnostic procedures performed by a physician as well as a physical therapist will be discussed. Following, current rehabilitative techniques will be explored. In conclusion is the author's opinion of the diagnostic and therapeutic techniques.

Three-Dimensional Kinematics Of The Overarm Throwing Motion In Children Ages 2 To 7, Jacalyn R. Breidenbach

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background and Purpose: Throwing is a meaningful play activity that encourages social interaction, develops the sequencing of motor skills, and signals the onset oftoddlerhood. Little published data clearly documents the three-dimensional kinematics ofthe progression of the overarm throwing motion in children. The purpose of this study is twofold: 1) To explore the biomechanical differences in the overarm throwing techniques of children between the ages of two and seven, and 2) To compare the kinematics of dominant versus non-dominant arm throws in children between the ages of two and seven.

Methods: 1) Nine children, 6 males and 3 females, were classified …

An Electromyographic And Video Motion Analysis Study Of The Drawback And Hold Phases Of Compound Bow Versus A Traditional Bow In Experienced Archers, Jason Brodina

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background/Purpose: Archery is quickly becoming an increasingly popular sport, with limited research in the training and rehabilitation of archers. The purpose of this study is to identify the major muscles and timing of recruitment during the drawback and hold of a bow, and to determine the presence of differences in this recruitment between a compound and traditional bow.

Subjects/Methods: Seven males between the ages of 36 to 51 years of age completed 6 drawbacks each with a compound bow and a traditional bow. Surface electrodes on the subjects and reflective markers on the bow were used to analyze electromyographic activity …

The Effect Of A Five Week Balance Training Program On Individuals With Previous Ankle Sprains, Anna Burchill

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Balance is critical in maintaining optimal function in daily activities and also plays a role in higher balance functions, such as those used by athletes, whether they be competitive or recreational athletes. Control of posture and balance is a complex function that is mediated by the central nervous system using a dynamic combination of sensory inputs from the vestibular, somatosensory, and visual systems. Ankle injuries are a common occurrence in individuals, and it has been found that changes in proprioception occur in an ankle after it has been sprained and may cause deficits in the somatosensory portion of balance, leading …

Continuous Passive Motion And Physical Therapy Versus Physical Therapy Alone In Total Knee Arthroplasty, Neal A. Cashman

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

This study investigated the effect of continuous passive motion (CPM) on the rehabilitation of patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty (TKA). Over the years, CPM use in the treatment of TKA has been debated whether it is effective enough to justify the medical expense that accompanies it.

Sixteen subjects who underwent TKA surgery participated in the study. Twelve subjects were in the CPM group and four subjects were in the non-CPM group. Groups were determined by the surgeon's rehabilitation preference of using the CPM or not using the CPM.

Post surgical subjects were treated with the CPM and physical therapy or …

A Comparison And Discussion Of Flexion And Extension Exercises For The Treatment Of Low Back Pain, Joan K. Due

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Low Back Pain is the most common condition that is seen by the outpatient Physical Therapist. The lives of those who suffer from low back pain are negatively impacted in a variety of ways, including monetary expenditures, lost time from work and difficulty performing everyday personal activities. Despite the fact that low back pain is a common malady seen by Physical Therapists, there is little agreement on the management of it's symptoms. Perhaps, no two treatments for low back pain could seem so varied as spinal flexion and spinal extension exercises, which seem to be diametrically opposed. This review of …

Electromyographic Analysis Of Trunk Musculature Following A Nine Hole Round Of Golf: The Fatigue Factor, Katie Glessing

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this study is to determine the fatigue component in trunk musculature following a simulated nine hole round of golf through analysis of the trunk muscles during the golf swing.

Our subjects consisted of 4 males ages 22-26. Each subject performed 5 EMG monitored golf swings with a driver prior to and following a simulated 9 hole round of golf. This provided pre-round and post-round data to analyze and determine if significant fatigue occurred in the trunk musculature.

The results showed that a significant shift in median frequency occurred, signifying muscle fatigue, in 2 of the 4 subjects …

Outcome Study Of Physical Therapy Rehabilitation Of Patients With Patellar Femoral Dysfunction, Thomas D. Henke

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

This study was conducted to assist St. Alexius Medical Center's Institute of Sports Medicine in the analysis of physical therapy outcomes for patients who underwent patellofemoral surgical procedures including lateral retinacular release, vastus medialis oblique advancement, and tibial tubercle transfers. A review of data collected by the physical therapists at St. Alexius was performed and statistically analyzed to determine the efficacy of outcomes both clinically and functionally. This outcome analysis will assist current and future practice patterns by providing a basis for clinical effectiveness. The results of this study will be a useful resource for the facility as a guide …

The Effects Of An Accelerated Physical Therapy Protocol On Patients Receiving Standard Open Rotator Cuff Repairs: An Outcome Study, David J. Kohns

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine the functional outcomes of patients who have undergone physical therapy treatment following rotator cuff surgical repair. Sixty-eight rotator cuff repairs performed between September 1995 and .Iuly 1999 at St. Alexius Medical Center in Bismarck, North Dakota were reviewed retrospectively. Of the 59 patients with rotator cuff repairs who met the criteria for this study, there were 34 males (57.6% of the cases) and 25 females (42.4% of the cases) included in the study. The mean age of the patients was 64.3 years, ranging from 38 to 80 years, with a median age …

Physical Activity: Essential Component In Primary And Secondary Curricula For Lifelong Health, Maril Mccord

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Chronic disease, preventable illness and injury, and growing trends of sedentary behaviors have currently been associated with the American population. It is estimated that 70% of all deaths in America are attributable to chronic disease of a preventable nature. Childhood disease has declined only to be replaced by new waves of social, environmental, and behavioral factors which manifest as health risks. At least 68 million Americans suffer from some form of heart disease while nearly 60% of adults lead sedentary lifestyles. The challenge in the nation is to counter these trends by implementation of policy and programs for healthier habits …

The Effects Of Electromagnetism For The Treatment Of Multiple Sclerosis, Michele A. Morse

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Electromagnetic treatment is one of the highest utilized nontraditional therapeutic methods in the medical field. Scientific research has proposed that people experience improvement in the symptoms of multiple sclerosis (MS) from such treatment. This independent study is a literature review that probes into the proclaimed benefits that a low frequency electromagnetic field posses on the biological system. In order to support or negate these claims, literature and studies explaining how and why this concept is feasible is researched and presented. The review focuses on the effects of the low frequency external electromagnetic field at the cellular level and on central …

An Electromyographic And Video Motion Analysis Study Of Sprinters At Varying Speeds And Inclines, Christine Ann Rygh

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Athletes desire to succeed in their respective sport. Several training programs claim to enhance athletic performance by loading specific muscles and joints needed for increased speed, power, and strength in a sport specific manner. One such training regimen is the Frappier Acceleration® program, in which the core element involves sprinting on a treadmill at varying speeds and inclines. The purpose of this study is to describe muscle activity and joint motion while running on a treadmill at different speeds and inclines.

Eleven males between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two years of age ran on a treadmill at five different …

The Lymphatic System, Lymphedema, And A Discussion Of Methods For Treatment: A Review Of The Literature, Lisa Schneider

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The condition of lymphedema has a significant impact of the quality of life of the person affected. Few patients are educated about the possibility of developing lymphedema and methods for prevention of lymphedema following surgical removal of lymph nodes or radiation therapy. Also, most physical therapists have received minimal or inadequate training in the area of lymphedema treatment. Hence, physical therapists may actually damage a patient's lymphatic system by using inadequate techniques.

The purpose of this literature review is to examine the lymphatic system, discuss the condition of lymphedema, and review various methods for prevention and treatment of lymphedema in …

Influence Of Female Hormones On The Anterior Cruciate Ligament, Heather Stone

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Since 1972 the number of female athletes has increased more than 600% to a total of 1.9 million athletes. Unfortunately, "the quest for equal opportunity in sports has led many female athletes to equal opportunity for injuries, especially injuries to the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL)." For reasons that are still somewhat unclear the ACL injury rate is two to eight times higher for females compared their male counterparts. One intrinsic risk factor, which has devoured attention in recent years, is the influence female hormones have on the structure and integrity of ACL.

The purpose of this independent study was to …

A Comparison Between Edema And Lymphedema, Janelle Sunnarborg

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The terms edema and lymphedema are often used interchangeably but treatment approaches for these forms of swelling differ. The purpose of this paper is to compare the treatments for edema and lymphedema, provide a background in the anatomy of the circulatory system and discuss signs, symptoms, and causes of swelling. Management of edema is directed toward its cause but physical therapy treatment may also be appropriate. Lymphedema remains a risk for years following initial injury, therefore, preventative measures are especially important to address, to decrease the occurrence of cellulitis.

Physical therapy treatment for edema and lymphedema include elevation, compression, exercise, …

An Electromyographic And Video Motion Analysis Study Of The Drawback And Hold Phases Of A Compound Bow Versus A Traditional Bow In Experienced Archers, Andrea L. Vagle

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Background/Purpose: Archery is quickly becoming an increasingly popular sport, with limited research in the training and rehabilitation of archers. The purpose of this study is to identify the major muscles and timing of recruitment during the drawback and hold of a bow, and to determine the presence of differences in this recruitment between a compound and traditional bow.

Subjects/Methods: Seven males between the ages of 36 to 51 years of age completed 6 drawbacks each with a compound bow and a traditional bow. Surface electrodes on the subjects and reflective markers on the bow were used to analyze electromyographic activity …

Emg Analysis Of Trunk Musculature Following A Nine Hole Round Of Golf: The Fatigue Factor, Christine Wellner

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this study was to determine the fatigue component in trunk musculature following a simulated 9 hole round of golf by analyzing the EMG output of the erector spinae, gluteus maximus and abdominal oblique muscles during the golf swing.

Four males, ages 22-26 performed 5 EMG monitored golf swings with a driver prior to and following a simulated 9 hole round of golf. The data was subjected to analysis by the Fast Fourier Transformation to determine median frequency.

The results show that a significant shift in median frequency occurred, signifying muscle fatigue, in 2 of the 4 subjects …

The Effect Of Balance Training In Healthy Subjects As Assessed By The Neurocom Balance Master, Joshua Woods

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Balance is a critical component in maintaining optimal function in daily activities, and it is a skill that is frequently affected in individuals who have experienced some type of neurological, vestibular, orthopedic, or musculoskeletal deficit. A successful balance training program that can be used to improve such a person's balance can be of great use and importance to a patient and a therapist. Studies have shown that balance can be improved in subjects with deficits, however little is known about the effects of training on individuals that lack balance impairments. The purpose of this study was to determine if healthy …

The Relationship Of Female Reproductive Hormones To Lumbopelvic Pain And Musculoskeletal Injuries In The Female Athlete, Christina M. Aksamit

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The increased participation by females in athletics over the past decade, both competitively and leisurely, has brought attention to the number and severity of acquired injuries. Females tend to suffer a greater number of injuries than their male counterparts, and low back pain is also more prevalent in this population. Research is just beginning to focus on female athletes as their own separate entity. The female reproductive hormones have been targeted as a possible cause of many injuries secondary to the chemical and physical changes that occur with their fluctuations.

The purpose of this literature review is to identify the …

Strain-Counterstrain: Rationale, Methodology, And Utilization Within The Practice Of Physical Therapy, Jacquelyn Knodle

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this literature review is to take a closer look at the technique of strain-counterstrain in order to provide the reader with information regarding the history, scientific rationale, methodology, and utilization of this technique within in the realm of physical therapy. Strain-counterstrain was developed and refined by Lawrence Jones. Jones' technique is largely based on Irvin Korr's model, which sites the muscle spindle as the primary cause of somatic dysfunctions. The principles of strain-counterstrain as set forth by Jones have been well established throughout literature. However, several variations of the technique do exist. Within literature strain-counterstrain has been …

Outcome Of Physical Therapy Treatment For Pelvic Floor Dysfunction Based On Percent Resolution And Pelvic Floor Strength, Mary E. Lundy

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this study is to determine the outcome of physical therapy treatment for the pelvic floor dysfunction of urinary incontinence based on percent resolution and pelvic floor strength. Percent resolution is based on the number of leakage episodes and amount, and the number and type of pads used. Pelvic floor strength is based on the length of the endurance hold, the number of repetitions, and functional use. It was found that 60% of patients had 100% resolution and 93% of patients regained functional strength following treatment. Of the remaining 40% of patients who did not have 100% resolution, …

Quadriceps And Hamstring Strength In Individuals With Total Knee Arthroplasty, Brooke J. Powers

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Currently, there are over 120,000 total knee arthroplasties (TKA) performed yearly in the United States with total hospital and physician expenses for each procedure ranging from $25,000 to $30,000. Majority of individuals who undergo a TKA continue to exhibit lower extremity strength deficits specifically quadriceps and hamstring weakness. Clinicians and physical therapists question if these individuals receive the level of rehabilitation necessary for the return of quadriceps and hamstring strength.

The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate the logistics of setting up a study to determine if there was a significant difference between the strength of the involved …

An Electromyographic And Video Motion Analysis Study Of Sprinters At Varying Speeds And Inclines, Marc Sondreal

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Athletes desire to succeed in their respective sport. Several training programs claim to enhance athletic performance by loading specific muscles and joints needed for increased speed, power, and strength in a sport specific manner. One such training regimen is the Frappier Acceleration® program, in which the core element involves sprinting on a treadmill at varying speeds and inclines. The purpose of this study is to describe muscle activity and joint motion while running on a treadmill at different speeds and inclines.

Eleven males between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two years of age ran on a treadmill at five different …

The Computer Interface Device: Effects Of Audio And Visual Biofeedback In Rehabilitation, Cassie Wulfekuhle

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this study was to see if a computer interface device was effective in improving quality of elbow joint motion in children by increasing motivation and attention span through the use of audio and visual biofeedback. Seventeen subjects between the ages of five and twelve were asked to participate in this study. The children were asked to complete ten repetitions of elbow flexion and extension while the tester manipulated the type of biofeedback given (1. audio and visual on, 2. audio on and visual off, 3. audio off and visual on, and 4. audio and visual off). These …

Predictors Of Academic Success In The University Of North Dakota Master Of Physical Therapy Program, Christine W. Thorne

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Because the number of qualified applicants far exceeds the number of positions currently available in this program, the admissions committee at the University of North Dakota (UND) is obligated to select students who possess the greatest ability to succeed in the program and later in the profession. The purpose of this retrospective study was twofold: (1) to determine which variables, academic and nonacademic, contribute the most to student academic and clinical success in the University of North Dakota's Physical Therapy (UND-PT) program and (2) to review the current admission process while looking for new predictors of academic and clinical success. …

An Electromyographic And Video Motion Analysis Study Of Sprinters At Varying Speeds And Inclines, Jeremy Zimney

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Athletes desire to succeed in their respective sport. Several training programs claim to enhance athletic performance by loading specific muscles and joints needed for increased speed, power, and strength in a sport specific manner. One such training regimen is the Frappier Acceleration® program, in which the core element involves sprinting on a treadmill at varying speeds and inclines. The purpose of this study is to describe muscle activity and joint motion while running on a treadmill at different speeds and inclines.

Eleven males between the ages of eighteen and twenty-two years of age ran on a treadmill at five different …

Emg Analysis Of Trunk Musculature Following A Nine Hole Round Of Golf: The Fatigue Factor, Michelle L. Ballan

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

The purpose of this study is to determine the fatigue component in trunk musculature following a simulated 9 hole round of golf by analyzing the EMG output of the erector spinae, gluteus maximus and abdominal obliques during the golf swing.

Four males, ages 22-26 performed 5 EMG monitored golf swings with a driver prior to and following a simulated 9 hole round of golf. The data was subjected to analysis by the Fast Fourier Transformation to determine median frequency.

The results show that a significant shift in median frequency occurred, signifying muscle fatigue, in 2 of the 4 subjects when …

The Effect Of TʻAi Chi Chih On Balance In The Elderly, Justin Berry

Physical Therapy Scholarly Projects

Loss of balance and falls among the elderly is a large health care problem, annually causing thousands of injuries and millions of dollars in health care costs. This study investigates whether T'ai Chi Chih can influence balance in the elderly. T' ai Chi Chih is a gentle form of exercise that originated as a martial art.

Fifteen subjects (T'ai Chi Chih, n = 9; control, n = 6) initially underwent two standard functional balance measures (Berg and Tinetti measures), were tested for eyes open single leg stance, and had their blood pressure taken. Subjects were randomly assigned to either a …