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Articles 1 - 30 of 42
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Formulation Development, Preclinical Testing, And Primary Packaging Optimization For Cannabinoids And Other Therapeutics, Pranjal Taskar
Formulation Development, Preclinical Testing, And Primary Packaging Optimization For Cannabinoids And Other Therapeutics, Pranjal Taskar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Through the process of drug development, a molecule goes through discovery screening; lead selection and optimization, ADME testing, toxicity profiling, dosage form determination, preclinical testing in an in vitro and in vivo setup, folloby clinical research, FDA review and approval until eventually it is manufactured in the determined dosage form and reaches the patient. At every point through this process, scientists actively work towards a smoother transition and a quick and safe approval of the molecule towards the next step. The different chapters in this research would cover various phases of drug development; from discovery stage to fill-finish and primary …
Role Of Cardiolipin Remodeling In The Malignant Progression Of Breast Cancer, Jawaher H. Alkhamisy
Role Of Cardiolipin Remodeling In The Malignant Progression Of Breast Cancer, Jawaher H. Alkhamisy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
In spite of the current advances in both radiotherapy and surgical techniques as well as molecularly targeted therapies, over 90 percent of cancer mortality rate is due to metastases. Considering the pivotal role of metabolism in cellular physiology, there is no doubt that metabolic alterations are critical for metastatic progression. Cardiolipin (CL), the signature phospholipid of mitochondria, is linked to a variety of vital mitochondrial processes, like oxidative phosphorylation. Cardiolipin is a unique dimeric phospholipid which contains four fatty acyl chains. Moreover, the CL remodeling process is believed to be responsible for generation of immature CL species that contribute to …
Development Of Controlled Release Oral Dosages By Density Gradient Modification Using 3d Printing Technologies, Zhiqing Hu
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Over the years, three-dimensional (3D) printing has gradually become more comin people's lives. Due to its quick development, it has attracted the attention of researchers in the pharmaceutical industry. The main purpose of this project was to couple fused deposition modelling (FDM) 3D printing with hot melt extrusion (HME) technology to manufacture tablets with different drug release profiles and to solve dose issues related to an individual’s physiological differences and to enhance extended release properties. Ketoprofen was used as the model drug and different properties were added to the polymer to create a formulation suited to HME technology for the …
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (Ends): Reasons For Use And Associated Factors In Self-Selected Nicotine Concentrations, David D. Allen Iii
Electronic Nicotine Delivery Systems (Ends): Reasons For Use And Associated Factors In Self-Selected Nicotine Concentrations, David D. Allen Iii
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
This study aimed to examine e-cigarette user reasons for use, changes in their nicotine concentrations, and factors associated with changes in their chosen nicotine concentrations.
Progress Toward The Synthesis Of 3-Methoxyflavones As Potential Antioxidants, Neuroprotective Agents, And Trifluoromethylated 19f Nmr Probes, Reem Alkhodier
Progress Toward The Synthesis Of 3-Methoxyflavones As Potential Antioxidants, Neuroprotective Agents, And Trifluoromethylated 19f Nmr Probes, Reem Alkhodier
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The total synthesis of polyhydroxylated flavones have proven to be challenging, due to the presence of more than one hydroxyl group. Direct cyclization was not successful in any of the attempts. However, by using a silyl protecting group, the cyclization was feasible. Other reactions like the Friedel-Crafts acylation and selective protection of phenols were also difficult.
Nanosuspension Based Electrolyte Sensitive In Situ Gel For Topical Ocular Delivery Of Natamycin, Poorva H. Joshi
Nanosuspension Based Electrolyte Sensitive In Situ Gel For Topical Ocular Delivery Of Natamycin, Poorva H. Joshi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Natamycin (NT) is a commercially available antifungal drug used for the treatment of fungal keratitis, an infection which affects the clear corneal surface and its associated layers. Currently, NT is available commercially as a 5% w/v ophthalmic suspension, to be administered topically. The main objective of the present investigation was to develop and evaluate the natamycin loaded nanosuspension (NT-NS), as well as it’s corresponding in-situ gel (NT-NS-GG), for the treatment of fungal keratitis. NT-NS was prepared using homogenization technique and optimized based on size, PDI, zeta potential (ZP), assay and process stability. Further, optimized NT-NS was modified into an in-situ …
Pegylated Nanostructured Lipid Carries For Amphotericin B Ocular Delivery, Prit Manish Lakhani
Pegylated Nanostructured Lipid Carries For Amphotericin B Ocular Delivery, Prit Manish Lakhani
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The Chapter II focuses on formulation of an optimized and robust amphotericin B ocular formulation with prolonged precorneal residence and ocular tissue concentration at par or superior to the marketed preparations. Additionally, demonstrating stability of amphotericin B formulations in presence of preservative in comparison to marketed preparation, making it an ideal choice of formulation for multi-dosing. As mentioned earlier, we optimized PEGylated nanostructured lipid carriers (PEG-NLC-AmB) for ocular delivery of amphotericin B. The formulations could be autoclaved with at least one-month stability and in vivo ocular biodistribution was statistically insignificantly different compared to AmBisome®. To accomplish the aim, strategies such …
In-Situ Gel Of Cyclosporine A – Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles For Topical Occular Delivery For Dry Eye Disease, Samir Shyambabu Senapati
In-Situ Gel Of Cyclosporine A – Loaded Solid Lipid Nanoparticles For Topical Occular Delivery For Dry Eye Disease, Samir Shyambabu Senapati
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cyclosporine (CSA) is a highly potent immunosuppressant drug and has been used to treat rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, organ rejection post-transplant, and chronic dry eye disease. The objective of this investigation was to increase the CSA residence time on the ocular surface using solid lipid nanoparticles (SLNs) and its in-situ gel formulation (CSA-SLN-IG), for treatment of dry eye disease. CSA loaded SLNs (CSA-SLN) were prepared with the homogenization method, using Precirol ® ATO 5 as a solid lipid and Tween® 80 and Poloxamer 188 as surfactants. Prepared SLNs were optimized based on particle size, zeta potential (ZP), PDI, assay and stability. …
Optimization And Characterization Of Hot-Melt Extruded Anti-Inflammatory And Local Anesthetic Bio-Adhesive Semisolid Formulation Using Design Of Experiments (Doe), Rishi Chinmay Thakkar
Optimization And Characterization Of Hot-Melt Extruded Anti-Inflammatory And Local Anesthetic Bio-Adhesive Semisolid Formulation Using Design Of Experiments (Doe), Rishi Chinmay Thakkar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Hot melt extrusion is a versatile continuous manufacturing process extensively investigated for its applications with production of oral solid dosage forms, the aim of this study was to venture the applicability of HME in continuous manufacturing of topical semi-solid ointment formulations. Novel combination of a topical corticosteroid (Triamcinolone Acetonide) and local anesthetic (Lidocaine hydrochloride) were selected to be formulated with a water-soluble ointment base consisting of PEG 4000, PEG 1500 and Propylene glycol after performing appropriate drug-excipient compatibility studies. To determine the ratios of the solid to liquid components of the macrogol base, ‘quality by design’ approach was employed by …
Comparative Effectiveness And Safety Of Non-Vitamin K Antagonists Oral Anticoagulants And Warfarin In Elderly Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation And Diabetes, Siddhi Korgaonkar
Comparative Effectiveness And Safety Of Non-Vitamin K Antagonists Oral Anticoagulants And Warfarin In Elderly Patients With Non-Valvular Atrial Fibrillation And Diabetes, Siddhi Korgaonkar
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Results: The matched sample consisted of 4578 patients (2291 in each group). NOACs were found to significantly reduce the risk of stroke/SE compared to warfarin (Hazard Ratio (HR): 0.373, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.247 - 0.564, p<0.001); but, no significant difference was seen between NOACs and warfarin in terms of reducing the risk of MI (HR: 0.864, CI: 0.594 – 1.257, p=0.446). NOACs were found to significantly reduce the risk of ICH (HR: 0.500, CI: 0.300 – 0.834, p=0.008) and OB (HR: 0.608, CI: 0.424 – 0.870, p=0.007); but no difference was seen in the risk of MGB (HR: 0.862, CI: 0.640 – 1.160, p=0.326) between NOACs and warfarin. NOACs were also found to reduce the risk of all-cause mortality (HR: 0.783, CI:0.656 – 0.873, p=0.007). The composite of effectiveness and safety outcomes, and all-cause mortality was statistically significant proving superior overall effectiveness and safety of NOAC therapy to warfarin therapy in terms of risk reduction (HR:0.685, CI:0.587 – 0.801, p<0.001).
Pharmacy Value-Based Incentive Programs: An Evaluation Of Health Plan Strategies, Pharmacist Attitudes, And Financial Impact On Retail Stores, Tristen H. Jackson
Pharmacy Value-Based Incentive Programs: An Evaluation Of Health Plan Strategies, Pharmacist Attitudes, And Financial Impact On Retail Stores, Tristen H. Jackson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Since the Affordable Care Act (ACA) in 2012 health plans serving Medicare beneficiaries have begun receiving sizeable incentives (>$1B) for demonstrating high ratings to quality performance scores in CMS’s Medicare star ratings program. Several of the quality measures can be directly impacted by retail pharmacists (e.g. medication adherence measures) resulting in health plans implementing programs designed to incentive retail pharmacies to work toward improving their own performance related to quality measures. While awareness of these value-based incentive (VBI) programs is growing there is still a significant lack of research which elucidates the nature of these programs and the potential …
Development And Characterization Of Sustained-Release Formulations Via Novel Hot Melt Extrusion Techniques, Bjad Khalaf Almutairy
Development And Characterization Of Sustained-Release Formulations Via Novel Hot Melt Extrusion Techniques, Bjad Khalaf Almutairy
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Hot melt extrusion (HME) is a leading technology that can be applied to many pharmaceutical preparations as solid dispersions. Part of this research project focus on injecting pressurized carbon dioxide (P-CO2) gas during the HME process. These combined techniques have an additional advantage of being adaptable and portable to a hot melt extruder instrument. The use of HME alongside with other techniques (P-CO2 or co extrusion process) for preparing an improved controlled/sustained release formulation is the main theme of this research project. Current research focusing on Active Pharmaceutical Ingredients (APIs) with good aqueous solubility requires novel approach to obtain tailored …
Design Of Thermosensitive Hydrogel For Extended-Release Of Praziquantel, Sheng Feng
Design Of Thermosensitive Hydrogel For Extended-Release Of Praziquantel, Sheng Feng
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Parasitic diseases are a severe threat to people and animals. Praziquantel is the most comanti-parasitic drug with high efficiency, and it has been used to treat parasitic diseases for many years. However, it has very strong gastrointestinal and liver metabolism that leads to a strong first-pass effect and a short half-life. Additionally, the frequent oral administration was inconvenient for the large livestock. To overcome these drawbacks, this study aimed to develop an extended-release thermosensitive hydrogel formulation that was applicable to the injectable administration. The praziquantel-loaded hydrogel formulation based on poloxamer 407 (20%, w/v) was prepared, and two strategies for modifications …
Application Of Quality By Design And Process Analytical Technology Towards Hot-Melt Extrusion Processes, Priyanka Thipsay
Application Of Quality By Design And Process Analytical Technology Towards Hot-Melt Extrusion Processes, Priyanka Thipsay
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems were developed instead of a conventional liquid system. Solid surfactants was chosen to emulsify lipids with different HLB properties. Type of surfactant, type of lipid, Lipid/surfactant L/S ratio, feed rate, screw speed and screw configuration, were the formulation and process parameters evaluated. Solid self-emulsifying drug delivery systems were successfully developed on the hot-melt extruder for the first time which is a continuous processing technology.
Development Of Continuous Manufacturing Process Of Acyclovir Ointment Using Hot-Melt Extrusion, Rui Wang
Development Of Continuous Manufacturing Process Of Acyclovir Ointment Using Hot-Melt Extrusion, Rui Wang
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Hot-melt extrusion is a viable technology in preparing the pharmaceutical delivery system and has been considered as an attractive alternative to conventional processing methods. The objective of this study was to utilize the advantage of continuous manufacturing in HME to design and evaluate a formulation of topical semisolid ointment. Melt fusion ointments containing 5% of acyclovir (ACV) in water-soluble base with PEG 400, PEG 1500, and PEG 3350 polymers at various ratio were prepared. A design of experiment using I-optimal design was conducted. This design was used to study the influence of polymer ratio on the physicochemical properties of the …
Implementing Mass Spectrometry For The Structural And Compositional Analysis Of Proteins, Mohammad Riaz
Implementing Mass Spectrometry For The Structural And Compositional Analysis Of Proteins, Mohammad Riaz
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Lectins are sugar-binding proteins that perform various biological functions such as cellular recognition attachments etc. Pulses the dried edible seeds of certain plants are great sources of lectins and a proteomics approach directed at lectins identification would bring substantial improvement in the lectin identification process. Lectins from nine different plant species were analyzed through SDS-PAGE and proteomics analysis. After LC-MS/MS analysis proteins were identified with protein database searches using Uniprot. Functionally uncharacterized proteins were identified with database searches were annotated with the Pfam and NCBI-CCD databases. In-vitro pharmacological screening will be carried out to assess the pharmacological effects of these …
Fabrication Of Topical Film Forming Polymeric Solution For Pain Management, Maha Hani Alkurdi
Fabrication Of Topical Film Forming Polymeric Solution For Pain Management, Maha Hani Alkurdi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
FFS were developed by varying the type and content of the film forming polymer. The resulting formulations were evaluated according to favorable film characteristics in vitro and ex vivo drug release profiles. Eudragit E100 was identified as a suitable release matrix for ketoprofen. In the case of diclofenac Na; however the ex vivo permeation study results failed to show a characteristic release profile for either the test formulation or the marketed formulation VOLTAREN® Gel. Nevertheless the presented work provided a rationalized way for the development and evaluation of FFS and investigated their potential as delivery systems for ketoprofen and diclofenac …
Validation Of A Brief Screening Instrument For Psychopathology In Adults, Adam Sattler
Validation Of A Brief Screening Instrument For Psychopathology In Adults, Adam Sattler
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Structured diagnostic interviews are generally considered to be the gold standard method of assessing mental health conditions; however clinicians rarely use such techniques in clinical practice. A major factor contributing to the infrequent use of structured interviews is the amount of time required for administration and interpretation. As such there is a need to develop assessment instruments that balance the objectivity and structure of evidence-based assessment techniques against personnel time and cost. To address this need the current study sought to validate a brief screening instrument for assessing 9 commental health conditions using a well-researched structured clinical interview to establish …
African American Students In Physical Therapy: Enhancing Diversity, Sherry T. Colson
African American Students In Physical Therapy: Enhancing Diversity, Sherry T. Colson
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
African Americans are motivated by early exposure to the profession and future expectations for their personal career path including stability work-life balance and helping others. The elimination of barriers such as finances lack of support and cultural microaggressions influences their career path. Following statistical analysis of admissions data conclusions were made that the current admissions criteria does not successfully predict first year success for any students including African American students. Lastly African American physical therapy graduates from UMMC reported excitement upon admission concerns over quotas lack of African American faculty students and physical therapists and the presence of microaggressions while …
Reward And Punishment: The Neural Correlates Of Reinforcement Feedback During Motor Learning, Christopher Mark Hill
Reward And Punishment: The Neural Correlates Of Reinforcement Feedback During Motor Learning, Christopher Mark Hill
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
‘By the carrot or the stick’ reward or punishment has been contemplated by instructors to motivate their pupils to learn a new motor skill. The reinforcements of reward and punishment have demonstrated dissociable effects on motor learning with punishment enhancing the learning rate and reward increasing retention of the motor task. However it is still unclear how the brain processes reward and punishment during motor learning. This study sought to investigate the role of reinforcement feedback in cortical neural activity associated with motor learning. A novel visuomotor rotation task was employed with reward punishment or null feedback as the participants …
African American Students In Physical Therapy: Enhancing Diversity, Melanie H. Lauderdale
African American Students In Physical Therapy: Enhancing Diversity, Melanie H. Lauderdale
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
African Americans are motivated by early exposure to the profession and future expectations for their personal career path including stability work-life balance and helping others. The elimination of barriers such as finances lack of support and cultural microaggressions influences their career path. Following statistical analysis of admissions data conclusions were made that the current admissions criteria does not successfully predict first year success for any students including African American students. Lastly African American physical therapy graduates from UMMC reported excitement upon admission concerns over quotas lack of African American faculty students and physical therapists and the presence of microaggressions while …
Comparative Assessment Of Safety And Quality Of Tinospora Species-Tinospora Crispa And Tinospora Sinensis, Abidah Parveen
Comparative Assessment Of Safety And Quality Of Tinospora Species-Tinospora Crispa And Tinospora Sinensis, Abidah Parveen
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Tinospora crispa Miers ex Hook.f. & Thomson and Tinospora sinensis (Lour.) Merr. (Menispermaceae) are two species that have morphological similarities which makes distinction between the two of critical importance because T. crispa has been reported to cause hepatotoxicity. Comparative morpho-anatomy of the leaves and stems of Tinospora species indigenous to south and southeast Asia was undertaken to elaborate their distinguishing pharmacognostic features. Chemical characterization of the secondary metabolites of the two species may aid in elucidating their chemical diversity and hence help to resolve safety and quality issues. Phytochemical investigation of the stems led to the isolation of nineteen compounds …
End Of Life Costs In Medicare Beneficiaries With Parkinson’S Disease, Sasikiran Nunna
End Of Life Costs In Medicare Beneficiaries With Parkinson’S Disease, Sasikiran Nunna
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Parkinson's disease (PD) is a chronic and progressive neurodegenerative disorder which is characterized by motor and non-motor disorders. The prevalence of PD is high among elderly patients. Due to the chronic nature of PD, increasing prevalence and ageing population, it is important to understand the burden of PD at various stages of patient’s life so that value of PD therapies can be assessed. While direct healthcare costs during the life time of PD were assessed in previous studies, there is lack of information about end of life costs in PD patients. This dissertation aimed at filling the gap in literature …
Cheminformatic Approach For Deconvolution Of Active Compounds In A Complex Mixture - Phytoserms In Licorice, Manal Mohammad Alhusban
Cheminformatic Approach For Deconvolution Of Active Compounds In A Complex Mixture - Phytoserms In Licorice, Manal Mohammad Alhusban
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
ABSTRACT After the validation of our in silico models by using the previous knowledge in this area the alerting phytochemicals from two Glycyrrhiza species (G. glabra and G. uralensis) were clustered. Exhaustive computational mining of licorice metabolome against selected endocrinal and metabolic targets led to the discovery of a unique class of compounds which belong to the dihydrostilbenoids (DHS) class appended with prenyl groups at various positions. To the best of our knowledge this interesting group of compounds has not been studied for their estrogenic activities or PXR activation. In addition some of the bis-prenylated DHS have been reported to …
Recall Reading Intervention For Children In Preschool And Kindergarten With Moderate To Severe Language Delays, Rebekah Christine Bosley
Recall Reading Intervention For Children In Preschool And Kindergarten With Moderate To Severe Language Delays, Rebekah Christine Bosley
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Dialogic reading is a reading intervention method in which the adult prompts the child with questions and expansions. Previous research has documented that it has been effective in promoting engagement, increasing response rates, developing vocabulary knowledge, and increasing overall answer accuracy in children with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) (Fleury, Miramontez, Hudson, & Schwartz, 2014; Fleury & Schwartz, 2016; Whalon, Martinez, Shannon, Butcher, & Hanline, 2015). The current study investigates whether children with moderate to severe language delays with or without Autism could increase their verbal and nonverbal responses and joint attention through the RECALL (Reading to Engage Children with Autism …
Phytochemical Investigation And Drug Interaction Potential Of Cyanotis Vaga, Ibrahim Almarabi
Phytochemical Investigation And Drug Interaction Potential Of Cyanotis Vaga, Ibrahim Almarabi
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Cyanotis. vaga (Lour.) Schult, & Schult. f. (C. vaga) previously called Tradescantia vaga and Cyanotis barbata, is a perennial herb. It is native to Eastern Asia and Tropical Africa. It has been reported that its decoction reduces fever and enhances well-being. Recently, C. vaga has been used widely for its anabolic effects, due to its richness of ecdysteroids. Even though C. vaga is a commedicinal plant (dietary supplement), there are no reports about its effect on the drug metabolizing enzyme Cytochromes P450 to predict its interaction with concomitantly used medications. In this study, eight ecdysteroids were isolated …
Investigation Of Theophylline Nicotinamide Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals Utilizing Hot Melt Extrusion, Priyanka Srinivasan
Investigation Of Theophylline Nicotinamide Pharmaceutical Co-Crystals Utilizing Hot Melt Extrusion, Priyanka Srinivasan
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
The objective of the current study was to investigate the feasibility of Theophylline and Nicotinamide pharmaceutical co-crystals by hot melt extrusion technology and to evaluate the processability by using HPMCAS-MG and PEO as polymer carriers. Theophylline, a BCS class I was chosen as a model drug and Nicotinamide, a vitamin B family was selected as a suitable co-former for the co-crystals study. HPMCAS-MG, a synthetic polymer and PEO, water-soluble polymer were chosen as polymer carriers for the study. To optimize the process parameters and formulations, a physical mixture of 1:1 molar ratio of theophylline and nicotinamide were prepared. Physical mixture …
Formulation Development Of Natamycin Loaded Nanoemulsion For Ocular Drug Delivery, Kanika Goel
Formulation Development Of Natamycin Loaded Nanoemulsion For Ocular Drug Delivery, Kanika Goel
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Natamycin (NT), also known as Pimaricin, is predominantly used as an anti-fungal medication for the treatment of fungal infections around the eye. The goal of the present study was to formulate and optimize NT loaded nanoemulsion (NT-NE) and examine its potential application in ophthalmic drug delivery. Placebos were evaluated with respect to particle size, PDI and ZP to identify the aqueous phase and lipid phase concentrations to be carried forward with NT-NE development. NT-NE were prepared by hot homogenization and ultra-probe sonication method, using Castor oil (CO) and Miglyol 812 as liquid lipids, Tween®80 and Poloxomer 188 as surfactants. NT-NE …
Formulation Strategies To Address Physiological And Anatomical Constraints For Improved Topical Ocular Drug Delivery, Karthik Yadav Janga
Formulation Strategies To Address Physiological And Anatomical Constraints For Improved Topical Ocular Drug Delivery, Karthik Yadav Janga
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
Delivery of therapeutic molecules to the eye has been a complicated task owing to its anatomical and physiological barriers. This dissertation delineates several formulation strategies to circumvent dynamic and static constraints hampering the ocular drug delivery. Advanced vesicular systems, bilosomes and transfersomes, were prepared to improve the ocular pharmacotherapy of natamycin (NT). NT bilosomes and transfersomes were further loaded into in situ gel systems which transformed immediately to hydrogel, in the simulated tear fluid, with good viscoelastic and mucoadhesive properties.In vitro corneal transport studies confirmed the superior permeability characteristics of NT from the optimized bilosome and transfersome in situ gel …
E-Cigarettes And Conventional Cigarettes: Perceived Risks And Benefits Among College Students, Evi Addoh
E-Cigarettes And Conventional Cigarettes: Perceived Risks And Benefits Among College Students, Evi Addoh
Electronic Theses and Dissertations
ABSTRACT Background: Accompanying the decline in cigarette smoking rates has been a rise in prevalence of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use. The ongoing investigations on the health impact of e-cigarettes have been accompanied by mixed messages and a lack of consensus which may lead college students to rely on their own perceptions of risk and benefits in deciding whether to use e-cigarettes. Conclusion: Considering the significant association of perceived risks and benefits with e-cigarette and cigarette use this study yields some findings that show the importance of appropriately addressing perceptions. It is paramount to keep the public updated on pertinent research …