Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

The Dual-Targeted Fusion Inhibitor Clofazimine Binds To The S2 Segment Of The Sars-Cov-2 Spike Protein, Matthew Freidel, Pratiti Vakhariya, Shalinder Sardarni, Roger Armen

College of Pharmacy Faculty Papers

Clofazimine and Arbidol have both been reported to be effective in vitro SARS-CoV-2 fusion inhibitors. Both are promising drugs that have been repurposed for the treatment of COVID-19 and have been used in several previous and ongoing clinical trials. Small-molecule bindings to expressed constructs of the trimeric S2 segment of Spike and the full-length SARS-CoV-2 Spike protein were measured using a Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) binding assay. We demonstrate that Clofazimine, Toremifene, Arbidol and its derivatives bind to the S2 segment of the Spike protein. Clofazimine provided the most reliable and highest-quality SPR data for binding with S2 over the …

Ifit2 Restricts Murine Coronavirus Spread To The Spinal Cord White Matter And Its Associated Myelin Pathology, Madhav Sharma, Debanjana Chakravarty, Afaq Hussain, Ajay Zalavadia, Amy Burrows, Patricia Rayman, Nikhil Sharma, Lawrence C. Kenyon, Cornelia Bergmann, Ganes C. Sen, Jayasri Das Sarma

Department of Pathology, Anatomy, and Cell Biology Faculty Papers

Interferon-induced protein with tetratricopeptide repeats 2, Ifit2, is critical in restricting neurotropic murine-β-coronavirus, RSA59 infection. RSA59 intracranial injection of Ifit2-deficient (-/-) compared to wild-type (WT) mice results in impaired acute microglial activation, reduced CX3CR1 expression, limited migration of peripheral lymphocytes into the brain, and impaired virus control followed by severe morbidity and mortality. While the protective role of Ifit2 is established for acute viral encephalitis, less is known about its influence during the chronic demyelinating phase of RSA59 infection. To understand this, RSA59 infected Ifit2-/- and Ifit2+/+ (WT) were observed for neuropathological outcomes at day 5 (acute phase) and 30 …

Effect Of The Covid-19 Pandemic On Seizure Control Status In Patients With Epilepsy, A A Asadi-Pooya, Seyed Ali Nabavizadeh, Mohsen Farazdaghi

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Background: Previous studies have shown that patients with epilepsy (PWE) perceived significant disruption in the quality and provision of care due to the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of this pandemic on seizure control status and changes in seizure frequency in PWE.

Methods:A consecutive sample of adult PWE registered in the database of Shiraz Epilepsy Center (Shiraz, Iran) was included in the study. In July 2021, phone interviews were conducted with all selected patients. Information such as age, sex, last seizure, seizure type, and frequency during the 12 months before the …

A Single Dose Of The Deactivated Rabies-Virus Vectored Covid-19 Vaccine, Coravax, Is Highly Efficacious And Alleviates Lung Inflammation In The Hamster Model, Drishya Kurup, Christoph Wirblich, Leila Zabihi Diba, Rachael Lambert, Megan Watson, Noor Shaikh, Holly Ramage, Charalambos Solomides, Matthias J Schnell

Department of Microbiology and Immunology Faculty Papers

Without sufficient herd immunity through either vaccination or natural infection, the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic is unlikely to be controlled. Waning immunity with the currently approved vaccines suggests the need to evaluate vaccines causing the induction of long-term responses. Here, we report the immunogenicity and efficacy of our adjuvanted single-dose Rabies-vectored SARS-CoV-2 S1 vaccine, CORAVAX, in hamsters. CORAVAX induces high SARS-CoV-2 S1-specific and virus-neutralizing antibodies (VNAs) that prevent weight loss, viral loads, disease, lung inflammation, and the cytokine storm in hamsters. We also observed high Rabies VNA titers. In summary, CORAVAX is a promising dual-antigen vaccine candidate for clinical evaluation …

Emergency Medicine And Covid-19: Now And Next Year, Theodore A. Christopher, Adrienne N. Christopher

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

The COVID-19 pandemic is responsible for infecting to date more than 93 million people worldwide and causing more than 2 million deaths. That the vast majority of deaths have occurred in the United States (U.S.) can be attributed to nonadherence by Americans to basic public health mitigation strategies that are known to curtail coronavirus spread. Emergency Departments (ED’s) throughout the U.S. experienced a dramatic decrease in patient visits during the first surge of COVID-19, followed by an ED patient visit rebound to approximately 80% of pre-COVID-19 numbers, which have remained relatively stable through the current second COVID-19 surge. The pandemic …

Burnout Among Healthcare Providers Of Covid-19; A Systematic Review Of Epidemiology And Recommendations, Mehrdad Sharifi, Ali Akbar Asadi-Pooya, Razieh Sadat Mousavi-Roknabadi

Department of Neurology Faculty Papers

Introduction: In the current systematic review, we intended to systematically review the epidemiology of burnout and the strategies and recommendations to prevent or reduce it among healthcare providers (HCPs) of COVID-19 wards, so that policymakers can make more appropriate decisions.

Methods: MEDLINE (accessed from PubMed), Science Direct, and Scopus electronic databases were systematically searched in English from December 01, 2019 to August 15, 2020, using MESH terms and related keywords. After reading the title and the abstract, unrelated studies were excluded. The full texts of the studies were evaluated by authors, independently, and the quality of the studies was determined. …

Mental Health And Wellbeing Of First Year Jefferson University Students During The Covid-19 Pandemic: A Photo-Elicitation Study, Olusegun Bakare, Lyena Birkenstock, Morgan Bush, Lizzie Critchlow, Marisa Felsher, Cari Picciano, Alex Reibstein, Olivia Siciliano

Qualitative Research Methods - Presentations

Research Question

How do first year Thomas Jefferson University students perceive their mental health and wellbeing in the context of the COVID-19 pandemic?

Population Health And The Pandemic: Emerging Stronger Next Time., David B. Nash

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

No abstract provided.

Letter: Thrombotic Neurovascular Disease In Covid-19 Patients., Ahmad Sweid, Batoul Hammoud, Joshua H. Weinberg, Mazen Oneissi, Eytan Raz, Maksim Shapiro, Maureen Deprince, Stavropoula Tjoumakaris, Michael R. Gooch, Nabeel A. Herial, Hekmat Zarzour, Victor Romo, Robert Rosenwasswer, Pascal Jabbour

Department of Neurosurgery Faculty Papers

Although the respiratory system is the primary target of the coronavirus, studies have demonstrated a strong tropism to the central nervous system (CNS).^1,2 The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infects cells by binding to the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor. This receptor is also found in the CNS and plays a crucial role in autoregulating cerebral perfusion pressure.^3,4 Additionally, epidemiological data demonstrated increased mortality due to cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases during flu pandemics due to a hypercoagulable state.^5,6 The triad of neuroinvasion of SARS-CoV-2, induction of hypercoagulable state,^{5-9 …}

Calculating Life And Death In A Time Of Covid, Larry Hirschhorn, Phd

School of Continuing and Professional Studies Coronavirus Papers

The current pandemic makes us feel helpless. We can respond to its predation pragmatically but its silent march through the population promotes dread. Our helplessness undermines our belief in our culture as the source of our self-esteem and felt significance. One response to our experience of helplessness is the omnipotent stance, the idea that we can master the virus, stop it in its tracks, command one another to comply with injunctions and wreak a path of destruction by devastating the economy. Omnipotence promotes magical thinking. In the service of defeating death, we ignore actual suffering; deaths of despair and deaths …

Journal Club, Zeynep Uzumcu, Md

Department of Family & Community Medicine Presentations and Grand Rounds

Outline

• Review coronavirus life-cycle
• Review mechanism of action of remdesivir
• Review previous research on remdesivir
• Close reading of article - Methods - Results - Discussion
• Future research
• Implications for our practice

The 2019-2020 Novel Coronavirus (Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2) Pandemic: A Joint American College Of Academic International Medicine-World Academic Council Of Emergency Medicine Multidisciplinary Covid-19 Working Group Consensus Paper., Stanislaw P. Stawicki, Rebecca Jeanmonod, Andrew C. Miller, Lorenzo Paladino, David F. Gaieski, Anna Q. Yaffee, Annelies De Wulf, Joydeep Grover, Thomas J. Papadimos, Christina Bloem, Sagar C. Galwankar, Vivek Chauhan, Michael S. Firstenberg, Salvatore Di Somma, Donald Jeanmonod, Sona M. Garg, Veronica Tucci, Harry L. Anderson, Lateef Fatimah, Tamara J. Worlton, Siddharth P Dubhashi, Krystal S. Glaze, Sagar Sinha, Ijeoma Nnodim Opara, Vikas Yellapu, Dhanashree Kelkar, Ayman El-Menyar, Vimal Krishnan, S. Venkataramanaiah, Yan Leyfman, Hassan Ali Saoud Al Thani, Prabath Wb Nanayakkara, Sudip Nanda, Eric Cioè-Peña, Indrani Sardesai, Shruti Chandra, Aruna Munasinghe, Vibha Dutta, Silvana Teixeira Dal Ponte, Ricardo Izurieta, Juan A. Asensio, Manish Garg

Department of Emergency Medicine Faculty Papers

What started as a cluster of patients with a mysterious respiratory illness in Wuhan, China, in December 2019, was later determined to be coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The pathogen severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel Betacoronavirus, was subsequently isolated as the causative agent. SARS-CoV-2 is transmitted by respiratory droplets and fomites and presents clinically with fever, fatigue, myalgias, conjunctivitis, anosmia, dysgeusia, sore throat, nasal congestion, cough, dyspnea, nausea, vomiting, and/or diarrhea. In most critical cases, symptoms can escalate into acute respiratory distress syndrome accompanied by a runaway inflammatory cytokine response and multiorgan failure. As of this …

A Rare Presentation Of Coronavirus Disease 2019 (Covid-19) Induced Viral Myositis With Subsequent Rhabdomyolysis., Qian Zhang, Khine S. Shan, Artem Minalyan, Conor O'Sullivan, Travis Nace

Abington Jefferson Health Papers

A 38-year-old gentleman with no significant past medical history but had recent COVID-19 exposure presented to the hospital with the chief complaints of fever, shortness of breath, and generalized myalgia. He was unfortunately found to be severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive. Laboratory findings showed creatine kinase (CK) >42,670 U/L along with elevated inflammatory markers and unremarkable creatinine, cardiac troponin level. The cause of his rhabdomyolysis was discovered to be due to COVID-19 as he had no evidence of other viral infections, strenuous exercise, seizure, or other nontraumatic exertional etiologies. He received aggressive fluid resuscitation while we trended …

A Crisis Is A Terrible Thing To Waste: Recovering A Sense Of Agency In Coronavirus Times, Steven F. Freeman

School of Continuing and Professional Studies Coronavirus Papers

No abstract provided.

Our Multi-Pandemic, Larry M. Starr

School of Continuing and Professional Studies Coronavirus Papers

Application of systems thinking to identify and understand complex problems and to discover innovative ways to intervene has been advocated separately within public health, education, finance, and many other spheres of society. We need it now for the multi-pandemic.

Systems View Of Coronavirus, Sung Won Paek, Larry M. Starr

School of Continuing and Professional Studies Coronavirus Papers

No one envisioned the kinds of problems that emerged from the novel coronavirus nor had anyone considered its interactive scope. Now is the time to begin to redesign our processes and systems so that when confronted again we can cope and navigate better. Everyone needs to be a partner in these redesigns and each of the health, social, educational, and other systems must be integrated because it is their interconnections that coproduce and give meaning to our lives.

No Double Trouble: How To Reopen The Economy., Larry Hirschhorn, Phd

School of Continuing and Professional Studies Coronavirus Papers

This policy introduces a measure of choice, consonant with our culture. Those younger than 65 can make their own personal tradeoffs between heath and livelihood, while older people, knowing that the virus will be spreading more quickly through the population will be even more cautious, thus preventing their early deaths. We return decisions to people while ensuring that the sum total of decisions does not overwhelm our hospitals. One felicitous result of this policy is that the virus will spread more quickly through the healthier population. This means that when the elderly re-engage in social life they will encounter fewer …

Disruptive Effects Of The Coronavirus – Errors Of Commission And Of Omission?, John Pourdehnad, Larry M. Starr, Venard Scott Koerwer, Harry Mccloskey

School of Continuing and Professional Studies Coronavirus Papers

It is increasingly evident that the coronavirus disease, COVID-19, is more than a health problem; it is and will continue to adversely affect work and workplaces, education, families and social engagements, political and environmental dimensions, and financial indicators. Apart from its health ramifications, the crisis is revealing serious challenges in the global supply chain. Those difficulties are, at least in part, consequences of unwise, short-sighted business decisions made over the course of decades to outsource and downsize.

Our Wicked Problem, John Pourdehnad, Larry M. Starr, Venard Scott Koerwer, Harry Mccloskey

School of Continuing and Professional Studies Coronavirus Papers

The Coronavirus is more than a health problem. It is a “wicked” problem disrupting work, education, travel, politics, financial indicators, and more. This label came about in 1973 to help describe a special class of situations that are volatile, uncertain and ambiguous, often difficult to recognize, and difficult or impossible to solve because of incomplete, contradictory, and changing requirements. There is no clear problem definition due to interdependencies so the problem cannot be fully understood until after the solution comes about.

Pandemic Lockdown Must Fail: Save Lives Without Crippling The Economy, Larry Hirschhorn, Phd

School of Continuing and Professional Studies Coronavirus Papers

In the following working paper, I want to make a plea for what I am calling a “reverse quarantine”—quarantining people who are over 65 (who number 52 million), before they get sick. We need to complement this policy with federally funded and locally organized efforts to support seniors in place, drawing on the wellsprings of American pragmatism, the capacity to respond in emergencies, American volunteerism, and neighbor-to-neighbor assistance. We can’t turn quarantine into imprisonment. We must work as hard as we can to create a psychological sense of community at a moment when, paradoxically, social distancing is driving us apart. …

Our Invisible Enemy, Larry M. Starr, Darshi Mody

School of Continuing and Professional Studies Coronavirus Papers

The novel coronavirus is invisible to the eye because it is microscopic measuring 80-160 nanometers in size; a nanometer is one billionth of a meter.

While we cannot see it in the air or on a surface, millions of us have seen the virus in full color when we discuss it on the local and national TV news, in articles and stories online, and in print media. This is because the virus is routinely pictured and used to attract us to the information being presented. The paradox is that millions of people can now recognize this invisible enemy.

Repeatedly presenting …

"I Don't Like Wearing A Mask", Priyanka Bhatt, Devesh Dajee, Neha Jha, Ruhi Shah

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

Why Am I Wearing A Mask If I Don't Feel Sick?, Lily-Anna James, Diana Koval, Samuel Latzsch, Chelsea Nowakowski

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

Spread Holiday Cheer, Not Covid-19, Sameh Gomaa, Sana Khalid, Michelle St. Omer Roy

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

Mask Use: Pros & Cons, Megan Carty, Megan Donlick, Yuri Matsubara, Janine Tobia

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

Protect Others & Mask Up, Nkeiruka Ashiedu, Rachel Gee, Alexis Henderson, Melissa Klein

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

It's Your Responsibility, Simon Chen, Devanshi Dash, Jaime Nassur

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

Is Your Mask Uncomfortable?, Jake Mulroy, W. Alan Pentecost, Chelcie Puetz, Kelsey Rowe

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

Have A Conversation: Wear A Mask, Melanie Chalfin, Isabella Hampton, Wendy Kong, Sravani Meka

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.

Guide To Mask Wearing 101, Laiquannah Hason, Jeremiah Kinsey, Kevin O'Connor

Foundations of Public Health - Infographics

No abstract provided.