Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Vitamin A Supplementation For Preventing Morbidity And Mortality In Children From 6 Months To 5 Years Of Age, Aamer Imdad, Kurt Herzer, Evan Mayo-Wilson, Mohammad Yawar Yakoob, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background: Vitamin A deficiency (VAD) is a major public health problem in low and middle income countries affecting 190 million children under 5. VAD can lead to many adverse health consequences, including death.
Objectives: To evaluate the effect of vitamin A supplementation (VAS) for preventing morbidity and mortality in children aged 6 months to 5 years.
Search strategy: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL 2010 Issue 2), MEDLINE (1950 to April Week 2 2010), EMBASE (1980 to 2010 Week 16), Global Health (1973 to March 2010), Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences (LILACS), metaRegister of Controlled …

Zinc Supplementation For The Prevention Of Pneumonia In Children Aged 2 Months To 59 Months, Zohra S. Lassi, Batool A. Haider, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta

Woman and Child Health

Background:Pneumonia is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality in children younger than five years of age. Most deaths occur during infancy and in low-income countries. Daily regimens of zinc have been reported to prevent acute lower respiratory tract infection and reduce child mortality.
Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of zinc supplementation in the prevention of pneumonia in children aged two to 59 months.
Search Methods: We searched the Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL) (The Cochrane Library 2010, Issue 2), which contains the Acute Respiratory Infections Group's Specialised Register, MEDLINE (1966 to January Week 2, 2010), EMBASE …

Biliary Stones: An Atypical Cause Of Abdominal Pain In Paediatric Age Group, Amber Mehmood, M. Arif Mateen Khan

Department of Emergency Medicine

OBJECTIVE: To identify Paediatric patients with biliary stone disease presenting to a tertiary care hospital in order to determine the etiology, presentation and management.

METHODS: Retrospective study of all cases of ultrasonographically proven biliary stones under the age of 15 years from January 1988 to December 2008. Data included their risk factors, complications, management and outcome.

RESULTS: Total 32 patients were identified with biliary stones, treated in the hospital. Mean age at presentation was 8.25 +/- 3.33 years. Sixteen patients underwent cholecystectomy.

CONCLUSION: Paediatric cholelithiasis is an atypical and under-diagnosed cause of abdominal pain in childhood. True prevalence of the …

Single Lung Ventilation In A Young Child For Repair Of Coarctation Of Aorta, Mohammad Hamid, Mansoor Ahmed Khan, Muneer Amanullah

Department of Anaesthesia

Single lung ventilation in small children is extremely challenging. In this case, a paediatric bronchial blocker was successfully inserted in a 19-month-old child to provide single lung ventilation using a modified insertion technique. It provided excellent working conditions during thoracotomy and our method of insertion may help in reducing the cost.

Acute Necrotizing Encephalopathy Of Childhood: A Fatal Complication Of Swine Flu, Muhammad Rehan Khan, Prem Kumar Maheshwari, Syed Asad Ali, Anwarul Haque

Department of Paediatrics and Child Health

Acute necrotizing encephalopathy of childhood (ANEC) is a rare condition characterized by the presence of multifocal symmetrical brain lesions involving mainly thalami, brainstem, cerebellum and white matter. ANEC is a serious and life threatening complication of simple viral infections. We present a case of a young child who developed this condition with classical clinical and radiological findings consistent with ANEC, secondary to swine flu (H1N1). He needed ventilatory support and had profound motor and intellectual deficit on discharge. We report this case with aim of raising awareness about this fatal complication of swine flu which has become a global health …

Short Term Clinical Outcome Of Children With Rotavirus Infection At Kenyatta National Hospital, Nairobi, Bonface Osano, Rose Kamenwa, D. Wamalwa, J. K. Wang'ombe

Paediatrics and Child Health, East Africa

Background: Rotavirus infection is the single most common cause of acute gastroenteritis in children under five years of age. Rotavirus gastroenteritis has a high morbidity and mortality in children in Kenya.

Objectives: To determine the short term clinical outcome for children admitted to Kenyatta National Hospital with rotavirus gastroenteritis and the correlates of poor outcome.

Design: Short longitudinal survey. Setting: Kenyatta National Hospital from February to May 2008.

Subjects: Five hundred children were screened using a rapid antigen detection kit and ELISA. Results: Of the 191 children who tested positive for rotavirus in stool; 172 children were recruited into the …