Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 16 of 16
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Tebipenem As An Oral Alternative For The Treatment Of Typhoid Caused By Xdr Salmonella Typhi, Elli Mylona, Phat Voong Vinh, Sonia Qureshi, Abhilasha Karkey, Sabina Dongol, Tuyen Ha Thanh, Judd Walson, Lluis Ballell, Elena Fernández Álvaro, Farah Naz Qamar, Stephen Baker
Tebipenem As An Oral Alternative For The Treatment Of Typhoid Caused By Xdr Salmonella Typhi, Elli Mylona, Phat Voong Vinh, Sonia Qureshi, Abhilasha Karkey, Sabina Dongol, Tuyen Ha Thanh, Judd Walson, Lluis Ballell, Elena Fernández Álvaro, Farah Naz Qamar, Stephen Baker
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Antimicrobial therapy is essential for the treatment of enteric fever, the infection caused by Salmonella serovars Typhi and Paratyphi A. However, an increase in resistance to key antimicrobials and the emergence of MDR and XDR in Salmonella Typhi poses a major threat for efficacious outpatient treatments.
Objectives: We recently identified tebipenem, an oral carbapenem licensed for use for respiratory tract infections in Japan, as a potential alternative treatment for MDR/XDR Shigella spp. Here, we aimed to test the in vitro antibacterial efficacy of this drug against MDR and XDR typhoidal Salmonella.
Methods: We determined the in vitro activity of …
Enteric Fever, Buddha Basnyat, Farah Naz Qamar, Priscilla Rupali, Tahmeed Ahmed, Christopher M. Parry
Enteric Fever, Buddha Basnyat, Farah Naz Qamar, Priscilla Rupali, Tahmeed Ahmed, Christopher M. Parry
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
No abstract provided.
Healthcare Utilization Patterns For Acute Febrile Illness In Bangladesh, Nepal, And Pakistan: Results From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project, Jason R. Andrews, Krista Vaidya, Shampa Saha, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Caitlin Hemlock, Ashley Longley, Kristen Aiemjoy, Alexander T. Yu, Isaac I. Bogoch, Farah Naz Qamar
Healthcare Utilization Patterns For Acute Febrile Illness In Bangladesh, Nepal, And Pakistan: Results From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project, Jason R. Andrews, Krista Vaidya, Shampa Saha, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Caitlin Hemlock, Ashley Longley, Kristen Aiemjoy, Alexander T. Yu, Isaac I. Bogoch, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Characterizing healthcare-seeking patterns for acute febrile illness is critical for generating population-based enteric fever incidence estimates from facility-based surveillance data.
Methods: We used a hybrid model in the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) to assess incidence of enteric fever at 6 study hospitals in 3 countries. We recruited individuals presenting to the hospitals and obtained blood cultures to evaluate for enteric fever. For this analysis, we undertook cluster random household surveys in Dhaka, Bangladesh (2 sites); Karachi, Pakistan; Kathmandu, Nepal; and Kavrepalanchok, Nepal between January 2017 and February 2019, to ascertain care-seeking behavior for individuals with …
Typhoid And Paratyphoid Cost Of Illness In Pakistan: Patient And Health Facility Costs From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project Ii, Nelly Mejia, Farah Naz Qamar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Jamal Raza, Denise O. Garrett, Kashmira Date, Taiwo Abimbola, Sarah W. Pallas
Typhoid And Paratyphoid Cost Of Illness In Pakistan: Patient And Health Facility Costs From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project Ii, Nelly Mejia, Farah Naz Qamar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Jamal Raza, Denise O. Garrett, Kashmira Date, Taiwo Abimbola, Sarah W. Pallas
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of illness from enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid) at selected sites in Pakistan.
Methods: We implemented a cost-of-illness study in 4 hospitals as part of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) II in Pakistan. From the patient and caregiver perspective, we collected direct medical, nonmedical, and indirect costs per case of enteric fever incurred since illness onset by phone after enrollment and 6 weeks later. From the health care provider perspective, we collected data on quantities and prices of resources used at 3 of the hospitals, …
Antimicrobial Resistance In Typhoidal Salmonella: Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project, 2016-2019, Farah Naz Qamar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Irum Fatima Dehraj, Sadia Shakoor, Seema Irfan, Aneeta Hotwani, Muhammad J. Hunzai, Rozina Thobani, Najeeb Rahman, Junaid Mehmood, Ashraf M. Memon
Antimicrobial Resistance In Typhoidal Salmonella: Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project, 2016-2019, Farah Naz Qamar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Irum Fatima Dehraj, Sadia Shakoor, Seema Irfan, Aneeta Hotwani, Muhammad J. Hunzai, Rozina Thobani, Najeeb Rahman, Junaid Mehmood, Ashraf M. Memon
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Clinicians have limited therapeutic options for enteric as a result of increasing antimicrobial resistance, and therefore typhoid vaccination is recommended as a preventive measure. As a part of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), we investigated the extent measured the burden of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) among confirmed enteric fever cases in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan.
Methods: From September 2016-September 2019, SEAP recruited study participants of all age groups from its outpatient, inpatient, hospital laboratory, laboratory network, and surgical sites who had a diagnosis of febrile illness that was either suspected or blood culture confirmed for enteric …
Diagnostic Value Of Clinical Features To Distinguish Enteric Fever From Other Febrile Illnesses In Bangladesh, Nepal, And Pakistan, Kristen Aiemjoy, Dipesh Tamrakar, Shampa Saha, Shiva R. Naga, Alexander T. Yu, Ashley Longley, Kashmira Date, Caitlin Hemlock, Farah Naz Qamar, Samir K. Saha
Diagnostic Value Of Clinical Features To Distinguish Enteric Fever From Other Febrile Illnesses In Bangladesh, Nepal, And Pakistan, Kristen Aiemjoy, Dipesh Tamrakar, Shampa Saha, Shiva R. Naga, Alexander T. Yu, Ashley Longley, Kashmira Date, Caitlin Hemlock, Farah Naz Qamar, Samir K. Saha
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Enteric fever, a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A, frequently presents as a nonlocalizing febrile illness that is difficult to distinguish from other infectious causes of fever. Blood culture is not widely available in endemic settings and, even when available, results can take up to 5 days. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of clinical features, including both reported symptoms and clinical signs, of enteric fever among patients participating in the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), a 3-year surveillance study in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan.
Methods: Outpatients presenting with ≥3 consecutive days …
Burden Of Culture Confirmed Enteric Fever Cases In Karachi, Pakistan: Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project (Seap), 2016-2019, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Seema Irfan, Rozina Thobani, Abdul Momin Kazi, Aneeta Hotwani, Ashraf M. Memon, Khalid Iqbal, Saqib Hamid Qazi, Nasir S. Saddal, Najeeb Rehman, Irum Fatima Dehraj, Mohammed J. Hunzai, Junaid Mehmood, Farah Naz Qamar
Burden Of Culture Confirmed Enteric Fever Cases In Karachi, Pakistan: Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project (Seap), 2016-2019, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Seema Irfan, Rozina Thobani, Abdul Momin Kazi, Aneeta Hotwani, Ashraf M. Memon, Khalid Iqbal, Saqib Hamid Qazi, Nasir S. Saddal, Najeeb Rehman, Irum Fatima Dehraj, Mohammed J. Hunzai, Junaid Mehmood, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: The Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) is a multicenter, multicountry study conducted in Pakistan, Nepal, and Bangladesh. The objectives of the study were to characterize disease incidence among patients with enteric fever. We report the burden of enteric fever at selected sites of Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: During September 2016 to September 2019, prospective surveillance was conducted at inpatient, outpatient, surgical departments, and laboratory networks of Aga Khan University Hospital, Kharadar General Hospital, and surgery units of National Institute of Child Health and Jinnah Postgraduate Medical Centre. Socio-demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were obtained from all suspected …
Spatial Heterogeneity Of Enteric Fever In 2 Diverse Communities In Nepal, Dipesh Tamrakar, Krista Vaidya, Alexander T. Yu, Kristen Aiemjo, Shiva Ram Naga, Yanjia Cao, Caryn Bern, Rajeev Shrestha, Biraj M. Karmacharya, Farah Naz Qamar
Spatial Heterogeneity Of Enteric Fever In 2 Diverse Communities In Nepal, Dipesh Tamrakar, Krista Vaidya, Alexander T. Yu, Kristen Aiemjo, Shiva Ram Naga, Yanjia Cao, Caryn Bern, Rajeev Shrestha, Biraj M. Karmacharya, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Typhoid fever is endemic in the urban Kathmandu Valley of Nepal; however, there have been no population-based studies of typhoid outside of this community in the past 3 decades. Whether typhoid immunization should be prioritized in periurban and rural communities has been unclear.
Methods: We performed population-based surveillance for enteric fever in 1 urban catchment (Kathmandu) and 1 periurban and rural catchment (Kavrepalanchok) as part of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP). We recruited individuals presenting to outpatient and emergency departments at 2 study hospitals with suspected enteric fever and performed blood cultures. Additionally, we conducted …
Illness Severity And Outcomes Among Enteric Fever Cases From Bangladesh, Nepal, And Pakistan: Data From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project, 2016-2019, Ashley T. Longley, Caitlin Hemlock, Kashmira Date, Stephen P. Luby, Jason R. Andrews, Samir K. Saha, Isaac I. Bogoch, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Denise O. Garrett, Farah Naz Qamar
Illness Severity And Outcomes Among Enteric Fever Cases From Bangladesh, Nepal, And Pakistan: Data From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project, 2016-2019, Ashley T. Longley, Caitlin Hemlock, Kashmira Date, Stephen P. Luby, Jason R. Andrews, Samir K. Saha, Isaac I. Bogoch, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Denise O. Garrett, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Enteric fever can lead to prolonged hospital stays, clinical complications, and death. The Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), a prospective surveillance study, characterized the burden of enteric fever, including illness severity, in selected settings in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. We assessed disease severity, including hospitalization, clinical complications, and death among SEAP participants.
Methods: We analyzed clinical and laboratory data from blood culture-confirmed enteric fever cases enrolled in SEAP hospitals and associated network laboratories from September 2016 to September 2019. We used hospitalization and duration of hospital stay as proxies for severity. We conducted a follow-up interview …
Antibiotic Use Prior To Hospital Presentation Among Individuals With Suspected Enteric Fever In Nepal, Bangladesh, And Pakistan, Krista Vaidya, Kristen Aiemjoy, Farah Naz Qamar, Samir K. Saha, Dipesh Tamrakar, Shiva R. Naga, Shampa Saha, Caitlin Hemlock, Ashley T. Longley, Kashmira Date
Antibiotic Use Prior To Hospital Presentation Among Individuals With Suspected Enteric Fever In Nepal, Bangladesh, And Pakistan, Krista Vaidya, Kristen Aiemjoy, Farah Naz Qamar, Samir K. Saha, Dipesh Tamrakar, Shiva R. Naga, Shampa Saha, Caitlin Hemlock, Ashley T. Longley, Kashmira Date
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Antibiotic use prior to seeking care at a hospital may reduce the sensitivity of blood culture for enteric fever, with implications for both clinical care and surveillance. The Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) is a prospective study of enteric fever incidence in Nepal, Bangladesh, and Pakistan. Nested within SEAP, we evaluated the accuracy of self-reported antibiotic use and investigated the association between antibiotic use and blood culture positivity.
Methods: Between November 2016 and April 2019, we collected urine samples among a subset of SEAP participants to test for antibiotic use prior to the hospital visit using …
Environmental Surveillance As A Tool For Identifying High-Risk Settings For Typhoid Transmission, Jason R. Andrews, Alexander T. Yu, Senjuti Saha, Jivan Shakya, Kristen Aiemjoy, Lily Horng, Farah Qamar, Denise Garret, Stephen Baker, Samir Saha, Stephen P. Luby
Environmental Surveillance As A Tool For Identifying High-Risk Settings For Typhoid Transmission, Jason R. Andrews, Alexander T. Yu, Senjuti Saha, Jivan Shakya, Kristen Aiemjoy, Lily Horng, Farah Qamar, Denise Garret, Stephen Baker, Samir Saha, Stephen P. Luby
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Enteric fever remains a major cause of morbidity in developing countries with poor sanitation conditions that enable fecal contamination of water distribution systems. Historical evidence has shown that contamination of water systems used for household consumption or agriculture are key transmission routes for Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A. The World Health Organization now recommends that typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCV) be used in settings with high typhoid incidence; consequently, governments face a challenge regarding how to prioritize typhoid against other emerging diseases. A key issue is the lack of typhoid burden data in many low- and middle-income countries where TCV …
A Retrospective Study Of Laboratory-Based Enteric Fever Surveillance, Pakistan, 2012-2014, Farah Naz Qamar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Shazia Sultana, Attaullah Baig, Sadia Shakoor, Farzeen Hirani, Abdul Wassay, Sehrish Khushboo, Junaid Mehmood, Alexander Freeman
A Retrospective Study Of Laboratory-Based Enteric Fever Surveillance, Pakistan, 2012-2014, Farah Naz Qamar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Shazia Sultana, Attaullah Baig, Sadia Shakoor, Farzeen Hirani, Abdul Wassay, Sehrish Khushboo, Junaid Mehmood, Alexander Freeman
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Introduction: The Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) is a multisite surveillance study designed to capture morbidity and mortality burden of enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid) in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. We aim to describe enteric fever disease burden, severity of illness, and antimicrobial resistance trends in Pakistan.
Methods: In this retrospective, cross-sectional study, laboratory records of hospitalized patients who received a blood culture in any of 3 Aga Khan University hospitals in Karachi and Hyderabad, Pakistan, from 2012 to 2014 were reviewed. A case was defined as having a positive blood culture for Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi) …
Integrating Facility-Based Surveillance With Healthcare Utilization Surveys To Estimate Enteric Fever Incidence: Methods And Challenges, Jason R. Andrews, Caitlin Barkume, Alexander T. Yu, Samir K. Saha, Farah Qamar, Denise Garrett, Stephen P. Luby
Integrating Facility-Based Surveillance With Healthcare Utilization Surveys To Estimate Enteric Fever Incidence: Methods And Challenges, Jason R. Andrews, Caitlin Barkume, Alexander T. Yu, Samir K. Saha, Farah Qamar, Denise Garrett, Stephen P. Luby
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Cohort studies and facility-based sentinel surveillance are common approaches to characterizing infectious disease burden, but present trade-offs; cohort studies are resource-intensive and may alter disease natural history, while sentinel surveillance underestimates incidence in the population. Hybrid surveillance, whereby facility-based surveillance is paired with a community-based healthcare utilization assessment, represents an alternative approach to generating population-based disease incidence estimates with moderate resource investments. Here, we discuss this method in the context of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) study. We describe how data are collected and utilized to adjust enteric fever incidence for blood culture sensitivity, facility-based enrollment, …
Phase I Of The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project (Seap): An Overview And Lessons Learned, Caitlin Barkume, Kashmira Date, Samir K. Saha, Farah Qamar, Dipika Sur, Jason R. Andrews, Stephen P. Luby, M Imran Khan, Alex Freeman, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Denise Garret
Phase I Of The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project (Seap): An Overview And Lessons Learned, Caitlin Barkume, Kashmira Date, Samir K. Saha, Farah Qamar, Dipika Sur, Jason R. Andrews, Stephen P. Luby, M Imran Khan, Alex Freeman, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Denise Garret
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Objective: The objective of Phase I of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), a multiphase surveillance study characterizing the burden of disease in South Asia, was to inform data collection for prospective surveillance and to capture clinical aspects of disease.
Methods: Through a retrospective record review conducted at hospitals in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, we examined laboratory and clinical records to assess the culture positivity rate for Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi, age and sex distribution, and antimicrobial susceptability in each country.
Results: Of all blood cultures performed in Bangladesh, India, Nepal, and Pakistan, 1.5%, 0.43%, …
A Comparison Of Fluoroquinolones Versus Other Antibiotics For Treating Enteric Fever: Meta-Analysis, Durrane Thaver, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Julia Critchley, Asma Azmatullah, Syed Ali Madni, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
A Comparison Of Fluoroquinolones Versus Other Antibiotics For Treating Enteric Fever: Meta-Analysis, Durrane Thaver, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Julia Critchley, Asma Azmatullah, Syed Ali Madni, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Objectives: To review evidence supporting use of fluoroquinolones as first line agents over other antibiotics for treating typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever).
Design: Meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. Data sources: Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group specialised register, CENTRAL (issue 4, 2007), Medline (1966-2007), Embase (1974-2007), LILACS (1982-2007), selected conferences, reference lists, and ongoing trial register (November 2007).
Review methods: Trials comparing fluoroquinolones with chloramphenicol, cephalosporins, or azithromycin in culture-proven enteric fever were included. Two reviewers extracted data and assessed methodological quality. Odds ratios with 95% confidence intervals were estimated. Trials recruiting over 60% children were analysed separately from trials on …
Fluoroquinolones For Treating Typhoid And Paratyphoid Fever (Enteric Fever), Durrane Thaver, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Julia A. Critchley, Asma Azmatullah, Syed Ali Madni, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Fluoroquinolones For Treating Typhoid And Paratyphoid Fever (Enteric Fever), Durrane Thaver, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Julia A. Critchley, Asma Azmatullah, Syed Ali Madni, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Fluoroquinolones are recommended as first-line therapy for typhoid and paratyphoid fever (enteric fever), but how they compare with other antibiotics and different fluoroquinolones is unclear.
Objectives: To evaluate fluoroquinolone antibiotics for treating enteric fever in children and adults compared with other antibiotics, different fluoroquinolones, and different durations of fluoroquinolone treatment.
Search strategy: In November 2007, we searched the Cochrane Infectious Diseases Group Specialized Register, CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library 2007, Issue 4), MEDLINE, EMBASE, LILACS, mRCT, conference proceedings, and reference lists.
Selection criteria: Randomized controlled trials of fluoroquinolones in people with blood or bone marrow culture-confirmed enteric fever.
Data collection …