Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Trunk Mobility In The Sagittal And Horizontal Planes: Clinical Methods To Quantify Movement In An Elite Male Surfing Population, James Furness, Mike Climstein, Jeremy Sheppard, Allan Abbott, Wayne Hing

Wayne Hing

Background High numbers of acute shoulder and chronic lumbar injuries have been identified in a surfing population. A simple screening tool could be used to determine whether thoracic spine dysfunction is a possible contributor to shoulder or lumbar injuries. Importantly, thoracic mobility in the sagittal and horizontal planes are key requirements in the sport of surfing; however to date the normal values of these movements have not yet been quantified in a surfing population. Objectives To develop a reliable method to quantify thoracic mobility in the sagittal plane; to assess the reliability of a thoracic rotation method, and quantify thoracic …

Do Patients Undergoing Physical Testing Report Pain Intensity Reliability, Stephen White, Peter Mcnair, Mark Laslett, Wayne Hing

Wayne Hing

Objective To determine the reliability of patient reports of pain intensity during the application of physical tests. Methods A single examiner required participants to use the numeric pain rating scale (NPRS) to report the intensity of pain provoked during physical testing of the hip. Standardized versions of 14 physical tests were used on 18 people with hip pain. Tests were repeated at 1 hour and 2-7 days later. Within- and between-session reliability of reports of pain intensity was calculated using intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Lin's concordance correlation coefficients (CCCs). Standard errors of measurement (SEMs) were calculated. Results ICC/CCC values …

Validating The Speed And Agility Motor Screen (Sams) As A Motor Performance-Related Fitness Measure For Children, Nikki Milne, Wayne Hing

Wayne Hing

This study aimed to assess the test-retest reliability and concurrent-validity of the Speed and Agility Motor Screen (SAMS) as a motor-performance-related fitness measure for children and determine if the SAMS could better predict poor motor-proficiency in overweight/obese children compared to the general paediatric population. The final aim was to establish if a SAMS cut-off time could be determined to identify children who may benefit from further investigation of their gross-motor skills.

Child Obesity Service Provision: A Cross-Sectional Survey Of Physiotherapy Practice Trends And Professional Needs, Nikki Milne, Nancy Low Choy, Gary Leong, Roger Hughes, Wayne Hing

Wayne Hing

This study explored current physiotherapy practice trends for management of children who are overweight or obese. The professional needs of physiotherapists working with this population were also assessed, including the perceived need for physiotherapy clinical guidelines for prevention and management of children with obesity. A cross-sectional survey design was used, with questionnaires purposefully distributed through 13 key physiotherapy services throughout Australia. Snowball sampling resulted in completed questionnaires from 64 physiotherapists who provided services to children. Half (n = 33, 52%) of respondents provided services specifically to overweight or obese children. Of those providing services, one-quarter had prior training specific to …

Comparative Effects Of 2 Aqua Exercise Programs On Physical Function, Balance, And Perceived Quality Of Life In Older Adults With Osteoarthritis, Alison Fisken, Deborah Waters, Wayne Hing, Michael Steele, Justin Keogh

Wayne Hing

Background: Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerative joint disease, which affects a large number of older adults. Many older adults with OA are physically inactive, which can contribute to reduced functional capability, quality of life, and an increased risk of falls. Although hydrotherapy is often recommended for older adults with OA, less is known about aqua fitness (AF), a widely available form of aqua-based exercise. Purpose: To compare the effect of an AF program and a seated aqua-based exercise program on a range of functional measures and quality of life among older adults with OA. Methods: Thirty-five older adults with OA …

Diagnostic Accuracy Of Clinical Examination Features For Identifying Large Rotator Cuff Tears In Primary Health Care, Angela Cadogan, Peter Mcnair, Mark Laslett, Wayne Hing, Stephen Taylor

Wayne Hing

Objectives: Rotator cuff tears are a common and disabling complaint. The early diagnosis of medium and large size rotator cuff tears can enhance the prognosis of the patient. The aim of this study was to identify clinical features with the strongest ability to accurately predict the presence of a medium, large or multitendon (MLM) rotator cuff tear in a primary care cohort. Methods: Participants were consecutively recruited from primary health care practices (n5203). All participants underwent a standardized history and physical examination, followed by a standardized X-ray series and diagnostic ultrasound scan. Clinical features associated with the presence of a …

International Framework For Examination Of The Cervical Region For Potential Of Cervical Arterial Dysfunction Prior To Orthopaedic Manual Therapy Intervention, Alison Rushton, Darren Rivett, Lisa Carlesso, Timothy Flynn, Wayne Hing, Roger Kerry

Wayne Hing

A consensus clinical reasoning framework for best practice for the examination of the cervical spine region has been developed through an iterative consultative process with experts and manual physical therapy organisations. The framework was approved by the 22 member countries of the International Federation of Orthopaedic Manipulative Physical Therapists (October 2012). The purpose of the framework is to provide guidance to clinicians for the assessment of the cervical region for potential of Cervical Arterial Dysfunction in advance of planned management (inclusive of manual therapy and exercise interventions). The best, most recent scientific evidence is combined with international expert opinion, and …

The Reliability And Validity Of Physiotherapist Visual Rating Of Dynamic Pelvis And Knee Alignment In Young Athletes, C. Whatman, Patricia Hume, Wayne Hing

Wayne Hing

Purpose: To investigate visual rating of pelvis and knee position in young athletes during lower extremity functional tests. Methods: Pelvis and knee alignment, in 23 athletes, was visually rated by 66 physiotherapists. Peak two-dimensional (2D) and three-dimensional (3D) kinematics were also quantified. Ratings were compared to consensus visual ratings of an expert panel. The consensus ratings were also compared to peak kinematics. Reliability was determined using percentage agreement (PA) and the first order agreement coefficient (AC1). Sensitivity, specificity, diagnostic odds ratio (DOR) and differences in kinematics between groups based on the expert visual ratings were calculated to assess rating validity. …

Shoulder Pain In Primary Care Part 2: Predictors Of Clinical Outcome To 12 Months, Mark Laslett, Michael Steele, Wayne Hing, Peter Mcnair, Angela Cadogan

Wayne Hing

Objective: Identify predictor variables and models for clinical outcomes for primary care shoulder pain patients to 12 months follow-up. Design: A non-randomized audit with measures of pain and disability at 3 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months. Patients: Of 208 patients, 161 agreed to participate with 96.9, 98.1, 87.0 and 83.9% follow-up at 3 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months respectively. Treatment consisted of exercise and manual therapy-based physiotherapy and corticosteroid injection under specified selection criteria. Methods: Potentially useful baseline variables were evaluated in univariate logistic regressions with the dependent variables determined by SPADI Questionnaire at 3 weeks, 3, 6 …

Kinematics During Lower Extremity Functional Screening Tests In Young Athletes - Are They Reliable And Valid?, Patricia Hume, Wayne Hing, C. Whatman

Wayne Hing

Objective: To determine if lower extremity functional tests are reliable and valid screening tests of lower extremity dynamic alignment in healthy young athletes. Design: Quantitative experimental testere-test. Methods: Peak three-dimensional pelvis and lower extremity kinematics were quantified in 23 uninjured young athletes (11 1 years) during three lower extremity functional tests (Small Knee Bend [SKB], Single Leg SKB and Drop Jump) and Running. A nine camera motion analysis system captured three trials of all tests. All functional tests were repeated by 10 young athletes eight to ten weeks later. Visual 3D and Labview were used to process all data. Intraclass …

Shoulder Pain Patients In Primary Care Part 1: Clinical Outcomes Over 12 Months Following Standardized Diagnostic Workup, Corticosteroid Injections, And Community Based Care, Mark Laslett, Michael Steele, Wayne Hing, Peter Mcnair, Angela Cadogan

Wayne Hing

Objective: Measure changes in pain and disability of primary care shoulder pain patients over a 12-month period. Design: A non-randomized audit with repeated measures of pain and disability at 3 weeks, 3, 6 and 12 months. Patients: Of 208 patients, 161 agreed to participate with 96.9%, 98.1%, 86.3%, 83.9% follow-up at 3 weeks, at 3, 6 & 12 months, respectively. Mean age was 44 years, mean symptom duration 3.6 months. Methods: Patients were treated with protocol driven corticosteroid injection and community based care. Primary outcome measure was the Shoulder Pain and Disability index (SPADI) questionnaire. Based on the SPADI and …

Comparison Of Longitudinal Sciatic Nerve Movement With Different Mobilization Exercises: An In Vivo Study Utilizing Ultrasound Imaging, Richard Ellis, Wayne Hing, Peter Mcnair

Wayne Hing

Study design: Controlled laboratory study using a single-group, within-subjects comparison. Objectives: To determine whether different types of neural mobilization exercises are associated with differing amounts of longitudinal sciatic nerve excursion measured in vivo at the posterior midthigh region. Background: Recent research focusing on the upper limb of healthy subjects has shown that nerve excursion differs significantly between different types of neural mobilization exercises. This has not been examined in the lower limb. It is important to initially examine the influence of neural mobilization on peripheral nerve excursion in healthy people to identify peripheral nerve excursion impairments under conditions in which …

Comparison Of A Novel Direct Measure Of Rapid Pain Intensity Change To Traditional Serial 100 Mm Vas Measurement Of Pain Intensity, Mark Laslett, Peter Mcnair, Angela Cadogan, Wayne Hing

Wayne Hing

Objectives: Key diagnostic decisions often turn on measurement of change in pain intensity after diagnostic anesthetic blocks. This study aimed to introduce a new direct measure pain intensity change and compare it with percent change as calculated from the traditional preprocedure and postprocedure pain visual analog scales. Methods: Shoulder pain patients enrolled in a diagnostic accuracy study comparing clinical variables with image-guided local anesthetic injections were assessed with both the traditional preprocedure and postprocedure visual analog scales and the new direct method. Percent change in pain intensity was calculated with both instruments and were compared using statistical methods. The percentage …

Comparison Of Longitudinal Sciatic Nerve Movement With Different Mobilization Exercises: An In Vivo Study Utilizing Ultrasound Imaging, Richard Ellis, Wayne Hing, Peter Mcnair

Wayne Hing

Study Design: Controlled laboratory study using a single-group, within-subjects comparison. Objectives: To determine whether different types of neural mobilization exercises are associated with differing amounts of longitudinal sciatic nerve excursion measured in vivo at the posterior midthigh region.

Background: Recent research focusing on the upper limb of healthy subjects has shown that nerve excursion differs significantly between different types of neural mobilization exercises. This has not been examined in the lower limb. It is important to initially examine the influence of neural mobilization on peripheral nerve excursion in healthy people to identify peripheral nerve excursion impairments under conditions in which …

Physiotherapist Agreement When Visually Rating Movement Quality During Lower Extremity Functional Screening Tests, Chris Whatman, Wayne Hing, Patricia Hume

Wayne Hing

Objectives: To investigate physiotherapist agreement in rating movement quality during lower extremity functional tests using two visual rating methods and physiotherapists with differing clinical experience.

Design: Clinical measurement.

Participants: Six healthy individuals were rated by 44 physiotherapists. These raters were in three groups (inexperienced, novice, experienced).

Main measures: Video recordings of all six individuals performing four lower extremity functional tests were visually rated (dichotomous or ordinal scale) using two rating methods (overall or segment) on two occasions separated by 3e4 weeks. Intra and inter-rater agreement for physiotherapists was determined using overall percentage agreement (OPA) and the first order agreement coefficient …

The Effectiveness Of Post-Operative Rehabiliation Following Partial Meniscectomy Of The Knee, Duncan Reid, Jana Rydwanski, Wayne Hing, Steve White

Wayne Hing

Background: Injuries to the menisci of the knee are a common cause of impairment and functional disability. The prevalence of meniscal injury ranges from 19 to 56% depending on the population studied. Arthroscopic surgery to the meniscus may be required if conservative care has failed. There is still controversy as to the need for routine post-operative rehabilitation to improve function and reduce impairments.

Objectives: The purpose of this paper was to systematically review the literature that evaluated the effectiveness of post-operative exercise programmes to improve function and reduce impairments following partial meniscectomy of the knee.

Methods: A computerized electronic search …

Effect Of Tissue Mechanical Properties On Cuff-Based Blood Pressure Measurements, H. Lan, A. M. Al-Jumaily, A. Lowe, W. Hing

Wayne Hing

This paper presents a 3D finite element upper arm model, validated by experiments as well as clinical data, used to study the error introduced in blood pressure measurements due to variability of arm tissue mechanical properties. The model consists of three separate cylindrical parts: soft tissue, bone and brachial artery. The artery volume changes under the cuff are used to represent the cuff pressure oscillations for analyzing blood pressure measurements. These oscillation trends are identical to observed clinical data. Also an upper arm simulator is designed and built for model validation. The model shows that the variation of soft tissue …

The Effects Of Spinal Posture And Pelvic Fixation On Trunk Rotation Range Of Motion, Trevor Montgomery, Mark Boocock, Wayne Hing

Wayne Hing

Background: Axial rotation of the trunk is important to many vocational tasks and activities of daily living, and may be associated with back injuries. The influence of spinal postures on trunk rotation appears conflicting. This study investigated the influence of forward trunk inclination, spinal posture and pelvic fixation on maximum trunk rotation.

Methods: Twenty male participants were assessed using an optoelectronic motion-analysis system to track trunk movement during maximal trunk rotations in different spinal positions within the sagittal plane. A repeated-measures multivariate analysis of variance investigated the effects of forward trunk inclination, spinal posture and pelvic fixation on trunk and …

Interexaminer Reliability Of Orthopaedic Special Tests Used In The Assessment Of Shoulder Pain, Angela Cadogan, Mark Laslett, Wayne Hing, Peter Mcnair, Maynard Williams

Wayne Hing

Orthopaedic special tests (OST) are commonly used in the assessment of the painful shoulder to assist to rule-in or rule-out specific pathology. A small number of tests with high levels of diagnostic accuracy have been identified but interexaminer reliability data is variable or lacking. The aim of this study was to determine the interexaminer reliability of a group of OST with demonstrated diagnostic accuracy at primary care level. Forty consecutive subjects with shoulder pain were recruited. Six tests were performed by two examiners (physiotherapists) on the same day. Tests included the active compression test, Hawkins–Kennedy test, drop-arm test, crank test, …

Reliability Of A New Hand-Held Dynamometer In Measuring Shoulder Range Of Motion And Strength, Angela Cadogan, Mark Laslett, Wayne Hing, Peter Mcnair, Maynard Williams

Wayne Hing

Acceptable reliability is a prerequisite for inclusion of physical examination tests in clinical examinations of the painful shoulder. The aim of this study was to establish the intraexaminer and interexaminer reliability of measures of shoulder range of motion (ROM) and muscle force using a new hand-held dynamometer with the ability to standardize overpressure force during passive ROM tests. Forty consecutive subjects with shoulder pain were recruited, and tests were performed by two physiotherapists. Tests included active ROM elevation, passive ROM glenohumeral abduction and external rotation and resisted abduction and external rotation. All tests demonstrated high levels of intraexaminer reliability (ICC …

Kinematics During Lower Extremity Functional Screening Tests - Are They Reliable And Related To Jogging?, Chris Whatman, Wayne Hing, Patria Hume

Wayne Hing

Purpose: To investigate the within-day and between-day reliability of 3D lower extremity kinematics during five lower extremity functional screening tests and to assess the association between these kinematics and those recorded during jogging.

Methods: Peak three-dimensional lower extremity kinematics were quantified in 25 uninjured participants during five lower extremity functional tests and jogging. A nine camera motion analysis system (Qualysis Medical AB, Sweden) was used to capture three trials of all tests. All functional tests were repeated by 10 participants one to two days later. Visual 3D (C-Motion Inc, USA) and Labview were used to process all data. Intraclass correlation …

Mobilisation With Movement: The Art And The Science, Bill Vincenzino, Wayne Hing, Darren Rivett, Toby Hall

Wayne Hing

An authoritative text and accompanying DVD presenting the growing evidence base for Mobilisation with Movement techniques.

Developed over the past 26 years, Mobilisation with Movement (MWM) remains a relatively new form of manual therapy. It is, however, becoming one of the most popular approaches for the management of musculoskeletal disorders.

Mobilisation with Movement: The art and the science introduces the concept of Mobilisation with Movement, describes basic Mobilisation with Movement techniques and outlines its principles of application.

The book summarises the emergent evidence base underpinning Mobilisation with Movement techniques, including randomised controlled trials, and shows how far the technique has …

Variation And Reliability Of Ultrasonographic Quantification Of The Architecture Of The Medial Gastrocnemius Muscle In Young Children, Kirsten Legerlotz, Heather Smith, Wayne Hing

Wayne Hing

The aim of this study was to evaluate the suitability of ultrasonography for the quantification of gastrocnemius muscle architecture in healthy young children. The variation and reliability of measurement of muscle thickness, pennation angle and fibre length of the medial gastrocnemius were determined, using stationary and portable ultrasound machines, in 13 boys and eight girls aged 4–10. Ultrasound images were obtained from each leg, in duplicate, with the ankle at 90°, then at maximal plantar flexion, with the two machines within the same session. The same set of 16 scans was repeated in four children 4–6 weeks later. The mean …

Spinal Manipulation For Dysmenorrhoea (Review), Michelle Proctor, Wayne Hing, Trina Johnson, Patricia Murphy, Julie Brown

Wayne Hing

Background: Dysmenorrhoea (occurrence of painful menstrual cramps of uterine origin) is a common gynaecological condition. The character of pain from musculoskeletal dysfunction can be very similar to gynaecological pain by presenting cyclicly and being altered by hormonal changes associated with menstruation. Medical treatment for dysmenorrhoea usually comprises anti-inflammatory drugs, oral contraceptives, or surgical intervention. Spinal manipulation is a non-medical intervention. It has been suggested that manipulation of the vertebrae may increase spinal mobility thus improving pelvic blood supply and facilitating pain relief.

Objectives: To determine the safety and efficacy of spinal manipulative interventions for the treatment of dysmenorrhoea when compared …

The Use Of Contrast Therapy Recovery Within The New Zealand Elite Sports Setting, Wayne Hing

Wayne Hing

Background: Contrast therapy is a recovery modality that is widely used by many athletes despite the lack of scientific evidence for its use.

Aim: The purpose of this paper is to firstly survey and analyse the current utilisation of contrast therapy within the elite sports of New Zealand (NZ) and secondly, to compare the findings with current scientific research.

Method: A questionnaire was developed to survey elite NZ sports teams on their use of contrast therapy. The majority of respondents (79%) utilised contrast therapy as a recovery modality.

Results: The results indicated that contrast therapy is used immediately post exercise, …

Biomechanical Basis Of Oscillometric Blood Pressure Measuring Technique, H. Lan, A. Al-Jumaily, W. Hing, A. Lowe

Wayne Hing

Non-invasive blood pressure (BP) measurement has been used clinically for over a century to diagnose hypertension. Compared with the auscultatory technique, the oscillometric technique requires less professional training and is widely used in automatic BP measurement devices. Currently, most of these devices measure and record amplitude of cuff pressure oscillation, and then calculate diastolic and systolic pressure using characteristic ratios and designed algorithms. A finite element (FE) model is developed to study the biomechanical basis of this technique. The model identifies that errors were caused by mechanical factors of the soft tissue and the shape of the arm. By personalizing …