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Articles 1 - 15 of 15
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Beyond The Bmi: Expanding Quantitative Methods To Study Health For All Bodies, Kieran Chase, Daniel Oron
Beyond The Bmi: Expanding Quantitative Methods To Study Health For All Bodies, Kieran Chase, Daniel Oron
OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference
The public health field is beginning to reckon with its role in perpetuating and reinforcing systemic anti-fatness. Emerging evidence for the devastating health impacts of stigma call into question decades of research and policy that labels the size of people’s bodies as diseased. However, even as we acknowledge the harmful effects of stigma, the field is materially and institutionally invested in a health paradigm that centers weight loss and size-related proxies for health, such as the BMI. Public health scholars interested in questions related to nutrition, chronic disease, and exercise must begin to expand their research focus to imagine non-stigmatizing …
Serotonin And Migraine, Sophia A. Kogan
Serotonin And Migraine, Sophia A. Kogan
OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference
Migraine, experienced by more than 1 billion people, is the second leading cause of disability worldwide. It is a physiologically complex disorder with nervous, vascular, and inflammatory components, and is associated with genetic factors and environmental influences. Migraine triggers are poorly understood, and sufferers have little control in preventing migraines from occurring. The aim of this review is to bridge the physiological migraine processes with lifestyle behaviors that can be modified by individuals, focusing on serotonin.
Migraines can be initiated when an external event triggers the release of vasodilators such as calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP), leading to cranial vasodilation, headache, …
(Un)Weighted Assumptions: Anti-Fatness & Health, Kieran Chase, Nell Carpenter, Madysen Schreiber
(Un)Weighted Assumptions: Anti-Fatness & Health, Kieran Chase, Nell Carpenter, Madysen Schreiber
OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference
This lecture/discussion session aims to expand and add nuance to public health students’, professors’, and practitioners’ understanding of the interplay between body size and health. We will begin by naming and challenging common assumptions about the relationship between bodyweight and health outcomes. We will then argue for the consideration of weight-related stigma as a Fundamental Cause of Disease as defined by Phelan and Link, and for institutionally embedded anti-fat bias at the policy level (e.g., insurance policy, medical equipment) as a cause of population health inequity as defined in Whitehead’s Health Equity Framework. We offer these frameworks in contrast to, …
Does Sph Curricula Promote ‘Health Equity’, Reproduce Injustice, Or Both?, Jesse Yarnold
Does Sph Curricula Promote ‘Health Equity’, Reproduce Injustice, Or Both?, Jesse Yarnold
OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference
Does SPH Curricula Promote ‘Health Equity’, Reproduce Injustice, or both?
The social justice movements of recent years (preceded by [generations of] insurmountable suffering) have facilitated a collective recognition of the systemic effects of racism and epistemic violence. Despite the ambitious and well-intentioned vision of “health equity” as defined by epidemiologic scholarship - progress is slow and injustices prevail.
Students, scholars, and researchers of ‘Public Health’ are uniquely positioned to imagine and create innovative ways of understanding and addressing the harmful inequities and injustices perpetuated by white settler colonialism. I argue that Academic institutions delivering Public Health education are uniquely positioned …
The Prevalence Of Osteoporosis And Low Femoral Neck Bone Density Among Never-Smoking U.S. Adults With Exposure To Secondhand Smoke: A Cross-Sectional Study Using The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (Nhanes), Felicia Zhou, Mikaela Haglund
The Prevalence Of Osteoporosis And Low Femoral Neck Bone Density Among Never-Smoking U.S. Adults With Exposure To Secondhand Smoke: A Cross-Sectional Study Using The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey (Nhanes), Felicia Zhou, Mikaela Haglund
OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference
Objective
Epidemiologic studies have observed an association between exposure to secondhand smoke (SHS) and low bone mineral density (BMD) among current and past smokers. However, there is a knowledge gap in elucidating this association among never-smoking adults. The objective of this study is to examine the association between SHS exposure, measured by serum cotinine levels, and BMD for never-smoking U.S. adults.
Methods
This cross-sectional analysis included 3,224 never-smoking U.S. adults aged 50 years and older from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey cycles 2007-2008, 2009-2010, and 2013-2014. Serum cotinine, a biomarker for tobacco exposure, was the exposure variable while …
History Of Hypertension And Urinary Incontinence Among Adults Aged 40 And Older: A Cross-Sectional Study From The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, Puthyda Keath, Karla Cordova Nicolas
History Of Hypertension And Urinary Incontinence Among Adults Aged 40 And Older: A Cross-Sectional Study From The National Health And Nutrition Examination Survey, Puthyda Keath, Karla Cordova Nicolas
OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference
Introduction: Urinary incontinence (UI) impacts over 200 million individuals world-wide, though little is known about the causes of this condition. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine prevalence of UI and the association between a history of hypertension and UI in older adults. A secondary aim was to determine if sex modified the association between history of hypertension and UI.
Methods: This study utilized data from the U.S. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2016 cycles. We included 9,717 U.S adults (≥40 years) with complete information on history of hypertension, UI and other independent variables. Participants with …
Changes In Blood Mineral Concentrations And Adhd Symptoms After 8 Weeks Of Micronutrient Supplementation, Elizabeth S. White
Changes In Blood Mineral Concentrations And Adhd Symptoms After 8 Weeks Of Micronutrient Supplementation, Elizabeth S. White
OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference
Previous studies have discovered associations between nutritional status of children with ADHD and severity of ADHD symptoms. Data from the Micronutrients in ADHD Youth (MADDY) study was analyzed to assess the effectiveness of micronutrient supplementation for ADHD symptoms in children. The MADDY study is a randomized double-blinded three-center clinical trial. Data on the following seven minerals were assessed based on blood measurements from OHSU and OSU: lithium, selenium, copper, zinc, iron, manganese, and magnesium. All of these minerals were contained in the supplement given to subjects who received the active treatment and absent from the placebo supplement given to the …
Lifetime Smoking History And Prevalence Of Osteoporosis And Low Bone Density In U.S. Adults, Nhanes 2005-2010, Molly Joyce
Lifetime Smoking History And Prevalence Of Osteoporosis And Low Bone Density In U.S. Adults, Nhanes 2005-2010, Molly Joyce
OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference
Background
Osteoporosis and low bone density are common among older adults; women are more likely to have osteoporosis and low bone density than men. The prevalence of osteoporosis and low bone density varies with race/ethnicity, with the greatest prevalence being among non-Hispanic, Asian women. Prior studies identified a negative association between smoking and changes in bone mineral density; however, the association between smoking and osteoporosis or low bone density has not been investigated according to race/ethnicity.
Materials and methods
This study utilized National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data from 2005-2010. In this study 4,226 U.S. adults aged 50 years …
Reporting Adherence To Resistance Training In Cancer Survivors And Their Partners: A Comparison Between Prescribed And Received Training Dose, Oliver Lumbad, Kerri Winters-Stone
Reporting Adherence To Resistance Training In Cancer Survivors And Their Partners: A Comparison Between Prescribed And Received Training Dose, Oliver Lumbad, Kerri Winters-Stone
McNair Symposium
Resistance training is increasingly recognized as a behavioral strategy that can negate the adverse effects of cancer treatment. The exercise prescriptions were derived from trial method reports which may not reflect the actual dose of exercise in relation to study outcomes. It is possible, therefore, that the dose of exercise necessary to evoke a particular benefit may differ from published recommendations. Purpose: To report exercise adherence and dose in a resistance training program for cancer survivors and their partners. Furthermore, we aim to assess tolerability, compliance, and strength outcomes by comparing received training volume. Methods: Preliminary data from 25 participants …
Exploring How Gentrification-Related Effects Impact The Health Of Older Black Adults, Ann Wachana, Holly Hinson
Exploring How Gentrification-Related Effects Impact The Health Of Older Black Adults, Ann Wachana, Holly Hinson
McNair Symposium
Black adults living in gentrifying neighborhoods experience cultural incongruence with new, often younger, high SES and White residents. In addition, older Black adults are losing deep ties to their neighborhood. This is a major loss to their social network and their sense of belonging within their own neighborhoods. Disruption of long-standing social ties can cause changes in mental health and raises concerns about gentrification’s potentially disruptive impact on cognitive health and the brain aging process. In order to learn more about the experience of older Black adults within a rapidly changing city, focus group discussions from the Sharing History through …
The Role Of Neighborhood And Social Determinants Of Health: Investigating Health-Related Social Needs Among The Portland Metropolitan Area In Oregon, Roselie Agulto, Bruce Goldberg
The Role Of Neighborhood And Social Determinants Of Health: Investigating Health-Related Social Needs Among The Portland Metropolitan Area In Oregon, Roselie Agulto, Bruce Goldberg
McNair Symposium
Intersecting factors of social determinants of health have a significant impact on both individual and community well-being, however, a growing body of research highlights disproportionate disparities among neighborhood locations. Accessible resources, clinics, programs, and other community infrastructure are some characteristics that promote a healthy local economy. Locations lacking these aspects are where concentrated areas of poverty are inclined to exist, which often, correlate to higher rates of basic needs and adverse health outcomes. As part of the Accountable Health Communities (AHC) project—a 5-year research study to bridge the gap between clinical and social providers to lower hospitalization and total cost …
Efficacy Of Curcumin In Asthma: A Systematic Review And Meta Analysis, Tabitha Grow, Adam Sadowski
Efficacy Of Curcumin In Asthma: A Systematic Review And Meta Analysis, Tabitha Grow, Adam Sadowski
McNair Symposium
Over 23 million people are affected by asthma in the United States and 262 million individuals globally. Asthma, if poorly controlled, is associated with significant morbidity as well as increased risk for mortality. Asthma involves several complex inflammatory pathways and processes including an increase in immune cell activation. Curcumin, the active constituent found in turmeric, has been studied in numerous in-vivo and in-vitro studies to generate anti-inflammatory effects in pulmonary diseases and, more recently, an increase in clinical data has become available. Since the most recent review assessing the role of curcumin in pulmonary disorders, additional clinical trials have been …
Defining Stress Among Oregon Corrections Professionals, Jessica T. Ballin
Defining Stress Among Oregon Corrections Professionals, Jessica T. Ballin
OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference
Corrections professionals experience some of the highest levels of chronic stress compared to other occupations. This leads to poor mental and physical health, increased mortality, negative job performance, and increased economic costs, such as work-related injuries, sick leave, worker’s compensation claims and disability. Improving health and safety among this occupation requires identifying the factors contributing to stress and the associated economic impact. We assessed corrections professionals (n=296) working at six different Oregon Department of Corrections facilities near the Portland-area of varying security levels. Participants completed a cross-sectional survey, including demographics, work history and validated stress and occupational constructs. The outcome …
National Death Rates From Firearms Due To Legal Intervention For Native Americans, Hanrui Huang
National Death Rates From Firearms Due To Legal Intervention For Native Americans, Hanrui Huang
OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference
According to the CDC, deaths from legal intervention are defined as deaths caused by injuries inflicted by law enforcement officers. Although some studies have examined high rates of fatal legal intervention shootings among African Americans, rates for Native Americans have not been adequately examined, despite similar racial biases and stereotypes. This study aims to examine national data and examine the association of fatal legal intervention shootings and Native communities.
The available data provided on legal intervention (CDC) was studied to understand death rates for different races. The data was then analyzed to examine changes over time between 2008 and 2018. …
Study Of Physical Literacy And Physical Fitness In School Children, Natalie T. Pexton
Study Of Physical Literacy And Physical Fitness In School Children, Natalie T. Pexton
OHSU-PSU School of Public Health Annual Conference
Background: Currently there is no standard physical education (P.E.) assessment for tracking students’ progress across the state. As a result, there is little data on the physical literacy and physical fitness of school children which are essential to lifelong physical activity.
Physical Literacy is the confidence, knowledge, and ability to execute fundamental movement skills like hopping, throwing, and kicking.
Cardiorespiratory fitness is a measure of the stamina and capacity to perform aerobic exercise.
Objective: To test the “PlayFun” physical literacy and “Pacer” cardiorespiratory fitness tests with Portland Public School students.
Methods:
Setting: Two Portland Public School district elementary …