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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Has Novelty In Healthcare Gone A Little Stale?, Ray Moynihan
Has Novelty In Healthcare Gone A Little Stale?, Ray Moynihan
Ray Moynihan
Extract: Although drugs are essential, the roar of their marketing distorts decision making in favour of the newest and most expensive pills at the expense of older ones or of non-drug approaches. New diagnostic technologies offer undreamt of opportunities to detect ever earlier signs of illness, but they have also brought the increasingly recognised risk of overdiagnosis. Much has been written about how promotion can drive inappropriate use of valuable technologies, but does our deep love affair with novelty deserve more scrutiny?
The Dos And Don’Ts Of Collaborating With Industry, Ray Moynihan
The Dos And Don’Ts Of Collaborating With Industry, Ray Moynihan
Ray Moynihan
Extract: If you haven’t read the recent guidance on doctor-industry relationships, it’s certainly worth a look. Endorsed by leading professional groups, it argues that promising collaboration with industry “may be missed or even rejected” because of “misconceptions” arising from historical practices or rogue individuals. To set the record straight, the guidance emphasises the value of seeing sales representatives, the benefits of industry sponsored education, and the critical importance of health professionals serving on companies’ advisory boards.
Identification Of A Novel Protein, Lyric, Localized To Tight Junctions Of Polarized Epithelial Cells, Deborah Britt, Dong-Fang Yang, Dong-Qin Yang
Identification Of A Novel Protein, Lyric, Localized To Tight Junctions Of Polarized Epithelial Cells, Deborah Britt, Dong-Fang Yang, Dong-Qin Yang
Deborah E Britt
Tight junctions (TJ) are multiprotein complexes that function to regulate paracellular transport of molecules through epithelial and endothelial cell layers. Many new tight junction-associated proteins have been identified in the past few years, and their functional roles and interactions have just begun to be elucidated. In this paper, we describe a novel protein LYsine-RIch CEACAM1 co-isolated (LYRIC) that is widely expressed and highly conserved between species. LYRIC has no conserved domains that would indicate function and does not appear to be a member of a larger protein family. Data from analysis of rat and human tissue sections and cell lines …
Claudin Expression In Gastric Adenocarcinomas, Deborah Britt, Murray Resnick, Mariuxi Gavilanez
Claudin Expression In Gastric Adenocarcinomas, Deborah Britt, Murray Resnick, Mariuxi Gavilanez
Deborah E Britt
The claudins comprise a multigene family of integral membrane proteins, which play a major role in tight junction formation. Aberrations in the expression of certain claudins have been described in a number of malignancies. Our aims were to determine the expression pattern of claudins 1, 3, and 4 as well as ZO-1 in a large series of US patients with gastric cancer and to correlate expression with clinicopathologic and prognostic variables. Tissue microarrays were created from paraffinized samples from 146 patients with distal gastric adenocarcinomas (61 intestinal and 85 diffuse or mixed subtypes). In addition, cores of normal mucosa and …
Two Variable Regions In Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule1 N-Terminal Domains Located In Or Next To Monoclonal Antibody And Adhesion Epitopes Show Evidence Of Recombination In Rat But Not In Human, Deborah Britt, Meghan Comegys, Sue-Hwa Lin
Two Variable Regions In Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule1 N-Terminal Domains Located In Or Next To Monoclonal Antibody And Adhesion Epitopes Show Evidence Of Recombination In Rat But Not In Human, Deborah Britt, Meghan Comegys, Sue-Hwa Lin
Deborah E Britt
In this paper, we have characterized the structure, evolutionary origin, and function of rat and human carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule1 (CEACAM1) multifunctional Ig-like cell adhesion proteins that are expressed by many epithelial tissues. Restriction enzyme digestion reverse transcriptase-PCR analysis identified three cDNAs encoding novel CEACAM1 N-domains. Comparative sequence analysis showed that human and rat CEACAM1 N-domains segregated into two groups differing in similarity to rat CEACAM1alpha-4L and human CEACAM1. Sequence variability analysis indicated that both human and rat Ndomains possessed two variable regions, and one contained a major adhesive epitope. Recombination analysis showed that the group of rat but …
Molecular Cloning Of The Rat Ta1/Lat-1/Cd98 Light Chain Gene Promoter1, Deborah Britt, Sri Diah, James Padbury
Molecular Cloning Of The Rat Ta1/Lat-1/Cd98 Light Chain Gene Promoter1, Deborah Britt, Sri Diah, James Padbury
Deborah E Britt
The rat LAT-1 (L-amino acid transporter-1) gene is a CD98 light chain highly expressed in cancer and development. As an initial study of the molecular basis underlying regulation of its expression, we cloned 2 kb of the LAT-1 5' flanking region. Inverse RACE and primer extension methods were used to define the transcription initiation site at 80 bp upstream from the translational start site. Functional studies carried out in normal hepatic cells using constructs containing progressive 5'deletion from region -1958 to -185 showed 3-5-fold beta-galactosidase activities over control. The presence of an activator site(s) between -52 and -185 was indicated …
Aids, Social Work, And The "Duty To Protect", Frederic Reamer
Aids, Social Work, And The "Duty To Protect", Frederic Reamer
Frederic G Reamer
This article discusses social workers' obligation in cases where clients with aquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) pose a threat to a third party. Emphasis is on cases where a client diagnosed with AIDS withholds that information from a sexual partner. Legal and ethical issues concerning the limits of confidentiality and the social worker's "duty to protect" third parties are reviewed. Relevant case law and emerging ethical standards in various professions are summarized. The author reviews legal precedents concerning disclosure of confidential information without a client's permission and discusses their relevance to AIDS cases. Implications and guidelines for social workers are …
Introduction, Oonagh Corrigan, John Mcmillan, Charles Weijer
Introduction, Oonagh Corrigan, John Mcmillan, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
This introductory chapter begins with a brief explanation of the impetus behind the book as well as its objectives. It then discusses the history of consent and the challenges for informed consent. An overview of the subsequent chapters is presented.
The Limits Of Consent: A Socio-Ethical Approach To Human Subject Research In Medicine, Oonagh Corrigan, John Mcmillan, Kathleen Liddell, Martin Richards, Charles Weijer
The Limits Of Consent: A Socio-Ethical Approach To Human Subject Research In Medicine, Oonagh Corrigan, John Mcmillan, Kathleen Liddell, Martin Richards, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
Since its inception as an international requirement to protect patients and healthy volunteers taking part in medical research, informed consent has become the primary consideration in research ethics. Despite the ubiquity of consent, however, scholars have begun to question its adequacy for contemporary biomedical research. This book explores this issue, reviewing the application of consent to genetic research, clinical trials, and research involving vulnerable populations. For example, in genetic research, information obtained from an autonomous research participant may have significant bearing on the interests of family members who have not consented to the study. This casts doubt on the adequacy …
Trust And Exploitation In Clinical Research, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer
Trust And Exploitation In Clinical Research, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
This chapter attempts to derive, define, and specify norms governing the relationship between physician-researcher and patient-subject, and to explore their interconnection. It argues that rooting the relationship between physician-researcher and patient-subject in a normative theory of trust is promising. It enables the derivation, definition, and specification of norms governing the relationship and appreciation of their interconnection.
Revisiting Equipoise: A Response To Gifford, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer
Revisiting Equipoise: A Response To Gifford, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
The authors respond to objections Fred Gifford has raised against their paper "Rehabilitating Equipoise." They situate this exchange in the wider context of recent debate over equipoise, highlighting substantial points of agreement between themselves and Gifford. The authors offer a brief restatement of "Rehabilitating Equipoise" in which they amplify some of its core arguments. They then assess Gifford's objections. Finding each to be unfounded, they argue that there is no justification for "pulling the plug" on clinical equipoise.
Evaluating Benefits And Harms In Clinical Research, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer
Evaluating Benefits And Harms In Clinical Research, Paul Miller, Charles Weijer
Charles Weijer
No abstract provided.