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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Locus That Encodes The Latency-Associated Transcript Enhances The Frequency Of Encephalitis In Male Balb/C Mice, Clinton J. Jones, Melissa Inman, Weiping Peng, Gail A. Henderson, Alan R. Doster, Guey-Chuen Perng, Anisa Kaenjak Angeletti
The Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Locus That Encodes The Latency-Associated Transcript Enhances The Frequency Of Encephalitis In Male Balb/C Mice, Clinton J. Jones, Melissa Inman, Weiping Peng, Gail A. Henderson, Alan R. Doster, Guey-Chuen Perng, Anisa Kaenjak Angeletti
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the leading cause of virus-induced encephalitis; however, the viral genes that regulate encephalitis have not been well characterized. In this study, we tested whether the LAT (latency-associated transcript) locus regulates the frequency of encephalitis in male or female mice. Male BALB/c mice are more susceptible to HSV-1-induced encephalitis than age-matched female BALB/c mice. Deletion of LAT coding sequences reduced the frequency of encephalitis. A recombinant virus containing the first 1.5 kb of the LAT coding sequence induces levels of encephalitis in male BALB/c mice similar to those induced by wild-type HSV-1.
Enhanced Pathogenicity Of Candida Albicans Pre-Treated With Subinhibitory Concentrations Of Fluconazole In A Mouse Model Of Disseminated Candidiasis, Dhammika H.M.L.P. Navarathna, Jacob M. Hornby, Natasha Hoerrmann, Anne M. Parkhurst, Gerald E. Duhamel, Kenneth Nickerson
Enhanced Pathogenicity Of Candida Albicans Pre-Treated With Subinhibitory Concentrations Of Fluconazole In A Mouse Model Of Disseminated Candidiasis, Dhammika H.M.L.P. Navarathna, Jacob M. Hornby, Natasha Hoerrmann, Anne M. Parkhurst, Gerald E. Duhamel, Kenneth Nickerson
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Objectives: To investigate the relative pathogenicity of Candida albicans treated with subinhibitory concentrations of fluconazole in a mouse model of disseminated candidiasis. Previous studies indicate that these cells secrete 10 times more farnesol than do untreated cells. In our usage, subinhibitory means a concentration which causes a prominent decrease in turbidity but still allows some cell growth. Methods: C. albicans A72 cells were grown overnight in 0–5.0 mM fluconazole, washed, and inoculated in mice by tail vein injection. Groups of 15 or 16 mice were injected with 1.3 • 106cells and mortality was recorded for 7 days post-inoculation. …
A Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Mutant Expressing A Baculovirus Inhibitor Of Apoptosis Gene In Place Of Latency-Associated Transcript Has A Wild-Type Reactivation Phenotype In The Mouse, Ling Jin, Guey-Chuen Perng, Kevin R. Mott, Nelson Osorio, Julie Naito, David J. Brick, Dale Carpenter, Clinton J. Jones, Steven L. Wechsler
A Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Mutant Expressing A Baculovirus Inhibitor Of Apoptosis Gene In Place Of Latency-Associated Transcript Has A Wild-Type Reactivation Phenotype In The Mouse, Ling Jin, Guey-Chuen Perng, Kevin R. Mott, Nelson Osorio, Julie Naito, David J. Brick, Dale Carpenter, Clinton J. Jones, Steven L. Wechsler
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
The latency-associated transcript (LAT) is essential for the wild-type herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) high-reactivation phenotype since LAT- mutants have a low-reactivation phenotype. We previously reported that LAT can decrease apoptosis and proposed that this activity is involved in LAT’s ability to enhance the HSV-1 reactivation phenotype. The first 20% of the primary 8.3-kb LAT transcript is sufficient for enhancing the reactivation phenotype and for decreasing apoptosis, supporting this proposal. For this study, we constructed an HSV-1 LAT- mutant that expresses the baculovirus antiapoptosis gene product cpIAP under control of the LAT promoter and in place of …
United States Patent: D-Alanine Racemase Mutants Of Mycobacteria And Uses Therefore, Raul G. Barletta, Ofelia Barletta-Chacon
United States Patent: D-Alanine Racemase Mutants Of Mycobacteria And Uses Therefore, Raul G. Barletta, Ofelia Barletta-Chacon
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
The present invention is directed to D-alanine racemase mutants of mycobacterial species. The D-alanine racemase gene (alrA) is involved in the systhesis of D-alanine, a basic component of peptidoglycan that forms the backbone of the bacterial cell wall. The present invention is also directed to methods of making live-attenuated vaccines against pathogenic mycobacteria using such alrA mutants and to the vaccines made according to such methods. The present invention is further directed to use of alrA mutants in methods for screening antimycobacterial agents that are synergistic with peptidoglycan inhibitors. Finally, the present invention is directed to methods to identify new …
The Locus Encompassing The Latency-Associated Transcript Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Interferes With And Delays Interferon Expression In Productively Infected Neuroblastoma Cells And Trigeminal Ganglia Of Acutely Infected Mice, Weiping Peng, Gail A. Henderson, Melissa Inman, Lbachir Benmohamed, Guey-Chuen Perng, Steven L. Wechsler, Clinton J. Jones
The Locus Encompassing The Latency-Associated Transcript Of Herpes Simplex Virus Type 1 Interferes With And Delays Interferon Expression In Productively Infected Neuroblastoma Cells And Trigeminal Ganglia Of Acutely Infected Mice, Weiping Peng, Gail A. Henderson, Melissa Inman, Lbachir Benmohamed, Guey-Chuen Perng, Steven L. Wechsler, Clinton J. Jones
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
The herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) latency-associated transcript (LAT) is the only abundant viral transcript expressed in latently infected neurons. LAT inhibits apoptosis, suggesting that it regulates latency by promoting the survival of infected neurons. The LAT locus also contains a newly described gene (AL), which is antisense to LAT and partially overlaps LAT encoding sequences. When human (SK-N-SH) or mouse (neuro-2A) neuroblastoma cells were infected with a virus that does not express LAT or AL gene products (dLAT2903), beta interferon (IFN- β) and IFN- α RNA expression was detected earlier relative to the same cells infected with HSV-1 …
5-Ht1b Receptor-Mediated Presynaptic Inhibition Of Gaba Release In The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Jayne R. Bramley, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard, F. Edward Dudek
5-Ht1b Receptor-Mediated Presynaptic Inhibition Of Gaba Release In The Suprachiasmatic Nucleus, Jayne R. Bramley, Patricia J. Sollars, Gary E. Pickard, F. Edward Dudek
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
The suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) receives a dense serotonergic innervation that modulates photic input to the SCN via serotonin 1B (5-HT1B) presynaptic receptors on retinal glutamatergic terminals. However, the majority of 5-HT1B binding sites in the SCN are located on nonretinal terminals and most axonal terminals in the SCN are GABAergic. We therefore tested the hypothesis that 5-HT1B receptors might also be located on SCN GABAergic terminals by examining the effects of the highly selective 5-HT1B receptor agonist CP-93,129 on SCN miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents (mIPSCs). Whole cell patch-clamp recordings of mIPSCs were obtained from rat …
Factors Associated With The Presence Of Coliforms In The Feed And Water Of Feedlot Cattle, Michael W. Sanderson, Jan M. Sargeant, David G. Renter, Dicky Dee Griffin, Robert A. Smith
Factors Associated With The Presence Of Coliforms In The Feed And Water Of Feedlot Cattle, Michael W. Sanderson, Jan M. Sargeant, David G. Renter, Dicky Dee Griffin, Robert A. Smith
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
The objective of this study was to investigate coliform counts in feedlot cattle water and feed rations and their associations with management, climate, fecal material, and water Escherichia coli O157 using a cross-sectional study design. Coliform counts were performed on feed samples from 671 pens on 70 feedlots and on water samples from 702 pens on 72 feedlots in four U.S. states collected between May and August 2001. Management and climate factors were obtained by survey and observation. Month of sampling (higher in May and June), presence of corn silage in the ration (negative association), temperature of the feed 1 …
Latency-Related Gene Encoded By Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Promotes Virus Growth And Reactivation From Latency In Tonsils Of Infected Calves, Sandra Perez, Melissa Inman, Alan R. Doster, Clinton J. Jones
Latency-Related Gene Encoded By Bovine Herpesvirus 1 Promotes Virus Growth And Reactivation From Latency In Tonsils Of Infected Calves, Sandra Perez, Melissa Inman, Alan R. Doster, Clinton J. Jones
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
Infection of calves with bovine herpesvirus 1 (BHV-1) results in transient immunosuppression that may lead to bacterium-induced pneumonia and, occasionally, death. Although sensory neurons in the trigeminal ganglia (TG) are the primary site of BHV-1 latency, viral genomes are detected in the tonsils of latently infected calves. Dexamethasone (DEX) consistently induces reactivation from latency, and viral gene expression is detected in TG and tonsils. In sensory neurons of latently infected calves, the latency-related (LR) gene is abundantly expressed and is required for reactivation from latency. In the present study, we compared the abilities of wild-type (wt) BHV-1 and a strain …
Serologic Survey Of Select Infectious Diseases In Coyotes And Raccoons In Nebraska, Richard Bischof, Douglas G. Rogers
Serologic Survey Of Select Infectious Diseases In Coyotes And Raccoons In Nebraska, Richard Bischof, Douglas G. Rogers
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
To obtain data about select zoonotic and other infectious diseases in free-ranging predators in five ecoregions in Nebraska, sera were collected from 67 coyotes (Canis latrans) and 63 raccoons (Procyon lotor)) from November 2002 through January 2003. For coyotes, antibodies were detected against canine distemper virus (CDV, 61%), Francisella tularensis) (32%), Rickettsia rickettsi) (13%), and flaviviruses (48%). None of the coyote sera had antibodies to Borrelia burgdorferi, Brucella canis), or six serovars of Leptospira interrogans). Because serologic cross-reactivity exists among flaviviruses, 14 sera from flavivirus-positive coyotes were also tested for St. Louis …
Role Of The Hypervariable Hinge Region Of Phosphoprotein P Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus In Viral Rna Synthesis And Assembly Of Infectious Virus Particles, Subash C. Das, Asit K. Pattnaik
Role Of The Hypervariable Hinge Region Of Phosphoprotein P Of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus In Viral Rna Synthesis And Assembly Of Infectious Virus Particles, Subash C. Das, Asit K. Pattnaik
School of Veterinary and Biomedical Sciences: Faculty Publications
The phosphoprotein (P protein) of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV) is an essential subunit of the viral RNAdependent RNA polymerase and has multiple functions residing in its different domains. In the present study, we examined the role of the hypervariable hinge region of P protein in viral RNA synthesis and recovery of infectious VSV by using transposon-mediated insertion mutagenesis and deletion mutagenesis. We observed that insertions of 19-amino-acid linker sequences at various positions within this region affected replication and transcription functions of the P protein to various degrees. Interestingly, one insertion mutant was completely defective in both transcription and replication. Using …