Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Plasma Concentrations Of Fenbendazole (Fbz) And Oxfendazole In Alpacas (Lama Pacos) After Single Intravenous And Oral Dosing Of Fbz, Jeffrey Lakritz, Daniel Linden, David E. Anderson, Terri A. Specht

David Edgar Anderson, DVM, MS, DACVS

The objective of this study was to determine plasma pharmacokinetics and bioavailability of fenbendazole (FBZ) and oxfendazole (OFZ) after intravenous (iv) and oral administrations of FBZ (5 mg/kg) to alpacas. Plasma concentrations of FBZ and OFZ after administration of FBZ iv and orally (5 mg/kg) were determined by high-performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet detection. Total clearance (CL) of FBZ was 16.5±4 mL/kg/min (range: 4–31 mL/kg/min), and steady-state volume of distribution (Vdss) was 3.3±1 L/kg (range: 1.7–7.4 L/kg). The terminal phase half-life of FBZ after iv administration was 5.9±3.8 hours (range: 0.8–20 hours). After oral administration, the FBZ terminal phase half-life …

Crypto Prevention, Brian K. Whitlock

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

No abstract provided.

Pregnancy Diagnosis In Cattle, Samantha L. Collins, Brian K. Whitlock

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

No abstract provided.

Efficacy Of Intravenous Administration Of Combined Acid Suppressants In Healthy Dogs, M Tolbert, Adesola Odunayo, R Howell, E Peters, Ann Reed

M Katherine Tolbert DVM, PhD, DACVIM

Background Short-term intravenous co-administration of famotidine and pantoprazole is used by some veterinarians to treat gastrointestinal bleeding in critically ill dogs. However, clinical studies have not evaluated the efficacy of combination acid suppressant treatment in dogs.

Hypothesis/Objectives To compare the effect of intravenous co-administration of famotidine and pantoprazole to monotherapy with pantoprazole on intragastric pH in dogs. We hypothesized that single agent pantoprazole would be more effective than combination with famotidine.

Animals Twelve healthy adult colony dogs.

Methods Randomized, 2-way crossover design. All dogs received placebo (0.9% saline) for 24 hours followed by 1.0 mg/kg IV q12h pantoprazole or combination …

Maintenance Energy Requirements Of Odor Detection, Explosive Detection And Human Detection Working Dogs, Rebecca A. Mullis, Angela L. Witzel, Joshua Price

Angela L Witzel (Lusby) DVM, PhD, DACVN

Despite their important role in security, little is known about the energy requirements of working dogs such as odor, explosive and human detection dogs. Previous researchers have evaluated the energy requirements of individual canine breeds as well as dogs in exercise roles such as sprint racing. This study is the first to evaluate the energy requirements of working dogs trained in odor, explosive and human detection. This retrospective study evaluated twenty adult dogs who maintained consistent body weights over a six month period. During this time, the average energy consumption was [Formula: see text] or two times the calculated resting …

Randomized Phase Iii Trial Of Piroxicam In Combination With Mitoxantrone Or Carboplatin For First-Line Treatment Of Urogenital Tract Transitional Cell Carcinoma In Dogs., Sara D. Allstadt, C O. Rodriquez, B Boostrom, R B. Rebhun, K A. Skorupski

Sara Allstadt, DVM, Diplomate ACVIM (Oncology)

BACKGROUND: Reported response rates of transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) in dogs to piroxicam in combination with either mitoxantrone or carboplatin are similar; however, it is unknown whether either drug might provide superior duration of response. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To determine if the progression-free interval (PFI) of dogs with TCC treated with mitoxantrone and piroxicam was different than that of dogs receiving carboplatin and piroxicam. The hypothesis was that the efficacy of mitoxantrone is no different from carboplatin. ANIMALS: Fifty dogs with TCC without azotemia. METHODS: Prospective open-label phase III randomized study. Either mitoxantrone or carboplatin was administered every 3 weeks concurrently with …

Serum Cortisol Concentrations In Dogs With Pituitary-Dependent Hyperadrenocorticism And Atypical Hyperadrenocorticism, Linda Frank, George A. Henry, Jacqui C. Whittemore, B D. Enders, Dianne I. Mawby, Barton W. Rohrbach

Linda Frank MS, DVM, DACVD

BACKGROUND: Atypical hyperadrenocorticism (AHAC) is considered when dogs have clinical signs of hypercortisolemia with normal hyperadrenocorticism screening tests. HYPOTHESIS/OBJECTIVES: To compare cortisol concentrations and adrenal gland size among dogs with pituitary-dependent hyperadrenocorticism (PDH), atypical hyperadrenocorticism (AHAC), and healthy controls. ANIMALS: Ten healthy dogs, 7 dogs with PDH, and 8 dogs with AHAC. METHOD: Dogs were prospectively enrolled between November 2011 and January 2013. Dogs were diagnosed with PDH or AHAC based on clinical signs and positive screening test results (PDH) or abnormal extended adrenal hormone panel results (AHAC). Transverse adrenal gland measurements were obtained by abdominal ultrasound. Hourly mean cortisol …

Kisspeptin Receptor Agonist (Ftm080) Increased Plasma Concentrations Of Luteinizing Hormone In Anestrous Ewes, Brian K. Whitlock, Joseph A. Daniel, Lisa L. Amelse, Valeria M. Tanco, Kelly A. Chameroy, F Neal Shrick

Valeria M Tanco

Kisspeptin receptor (KISS1R) agonists with increased half-life and similar efficacy to kisspeptin in vitro may provide beneficial applications in breeding management of many species. However, many of these agonists have not been tested in vivo. These studies were designed to test and compare the effects of a KISS1R agonist (FTM080) and kisspeptin on luteinizing hormone (LH) in vivo. In experiment 1 (pilot study), sheep were treated with FTM080 (500 pmol/kg BW) or sterile water (VEH) intravenosuly. Blood was collected every 15 min before (1 hr) and after (1 hr) treatment. In experiment 2, sheep were treated with KP-10 (human Metastin …

Evaluation Of The Effect Of Orally Administered Acid Suppressants On Intragastric Ph In Cats, S Parkinson, M Katherine Tolbert, K Messenger, A. Odunayo, M. Brand, G. Davidson, E. Peters, A. Reed, M. G. Papich

M Katherine Tolbert DVM, PhD, DACVIM

Background Acid suppressant drugs are a mainstay of treatment for cats with gastrointestinal erosion and ulceration. However, clinical studies have not been performed to compare the efficacy of commonly PO administered acid suppressants in cats.

Hypothesis/Objectives To compare the effect of PO administered famotidine, fractionated omeprazole tablet (fOT), and omeprazole reformulated paste (ORP) on intragastric pH in cats. We hypothesized that both omeprazole formulations would be superior to famotidine and placebo.

Animals Six healthy adult DSH colony cats.

Methods Utilizing a randomized, 4-way crossover design, cats received 0.88–1.26 mg/kg PO q12h fOT, ORP, famotidine, and placebo (lactose capsules). Intragastric pH …

Animal Models And Therapeutic Molecular Targets Of Cancer: Utility And Limitations., Maria Cekanova Ms, Rndr, Phd, Kusum Rathore

Maria Cekanova MS, RNDr, PhD

Cancer is the term used to describe over 100 diseases that share several common hallmarks. Despite prevention, early detection, and novel therapies, cancer is still the second leading cause of death in the USA. Successful bench-to-bedside translation of basic scientific findings about cancer into therapeutic interventions for patients depends on the selection of appropriate animal experimental models. Cancer research uses animal and human cancer cell lines in vitro to study biochemical pathways in these cancer cells. In this review, we summarize the important animal models of cancer with focus on their advantages and limitations. Mouse cancer models are well known, …

Collagen-Calcium Alginate Film Dressing With Therapeutic Ultrasound To Treat Open Wound In Rats, Khaled M. A Hussin, Asma Saleh Elmabrok

Asma Saleh Elmabrok

Abstract: About 24 healthy female Sprague-Dawley rats weighing between 300-350 g were used in this study over a 20 day period. They were allocated randomly into 4 groups of 6 animals each. After the creation of 2x2 em open wound, group 1 was control treated with Gentamycin ointment. Groups 2-4 were treated with Therapeutic ultrasound massage, collagen-calcium alginate film and collagen-calcium alginate film with therapeutic ultrasound. On application, the collagen-calcium alginate film with therapeutic ultrasound was well accepted by the animals without any adverse reaction. Mean percentage of wound contraction were significantly better in group 4 (p<0.05). Faster epithelialization was also seen in the collagen-calcium alginate film with therapeutic ultrasound treated group as compared to the other groups. Collagen is a biocompatible protein that does not interfere with the body's normal immunologic response and can be used in non-healing chronic wounds which require a trigger to stimulate the normal healing process. In extensive wounds when there is lack of autologous tissue, biomaterials like collagen-calcium alginate may be beneficial and can be used.

Mycobacterium Ulcerans Fails To Infect Through Skin Abrasions In A Guinea Pig Infection Model: Implications For Transmission, H R. Williamson, L Mosi, Robert L. Donnell, M Aqqad, R W. Merritt, P L. Small

Robert L Donnell DVM, Ph.D., DACVP College of Veterinary Medicine

Transmission of M. ulcerans, the etiological agent of Buruli ulcer, from the environment to humans remains an enigma despite decades of research. Major transmission hypotheses propose 1) that M. ulcerans is acquired through an insect bite or 2) that bacteria enter an existing wound through exposure to a contaminated environment. In studies reported here, a guinea pig infection model was developed to determine whether Buruli ulcer could be produced through passive inoculation of M. ulcerans onto a superficial abrasion. The choice of an abrasion model was based on the fact that most bacterial pathogens infecting the skin are able to …

Major Anthropogenic Causes For And Outcomes Of Wild Animal Presentation To A Wildlife Clinic In East Tennessee, Usa 2000-2001, Ashley N. Schenk, Marcy J. Souza

Marcy J Souza

To determine the reasons for presentation and outcome of wildlife cases in East Tennessee, a retrospective analysis was performed using 14,303 records from cases presented to the wildlife clinic of the University of Tennessee Veterinary Teaching Hospital between 2000 and 2011. The cases were first categorized into amphibian/non-avian reptile, mammal, or avian and then classified into groups based on the primary admitting/presenting sign. There are a variety of reasons animals were presented to the clinic, and some were directly or indirectly anthropogenic in origin, including cat related, dog related, hit by automobile, and other human encounters leading to trauma; of …

Reo, Hamid Masood

Hamid Masood

No abstract provided.

Reoviridae, Hamid Masood

Hamid Masood

reovirus, any of a group of ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses constituting the family Reoviridae, a small group of animal and plant viruses. The virions of reoviruses (the name is a shortening of respiratory enteric orphan viruses) lack an outer envelope, appear spheroidal, measure about 70 nanometres (nm; 1 nm = 10-9 metre) across, have two icosahedral capsids, and contain a core of segmented, double-stranded RNA. Characteristic features of structure, preferred hosts, and chemistry are the basis for dividing reoviruses into several genera, of which Orthoreovirus, Orbivirus, Rotavirus, and Phytoreovirus are among the best known. Although orthoviruses have been found in …

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (Mri) Spinal Cord And Canal Measurements In Normal Dogs, Silke Hecht, M M. Huerta, Robert B. Reed

Silke Hecht

The goal of this study was to establish Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) reference ranges for spinal measurements in normal dogs. Forty dogs (1–10 kg, 11–20 kg, 21–30 kg, > 30 kg; 10 dogs per category) underwent spinal MRI. Measurements were performed on sagittal T2-W images at the level of the 4th thoracic vertebra (T4), the 9th thoracic vertebra (T9) and the 3rd lumbar vertebra (L3). Spinal canal diameter (mm) ranged from 6.07 ± 0.63 (1–10 kg) to 8.27 ± 1.15 (> 30 kg) at the level of T4; 6.55 ± 0.61 (1–10 kg) to 9.04 ± 1.26 (> 30 kg) at …

C.A.R.E.S. (Canine Arthritis, Rehabilitation, Exercise, And Sports Medicine) Newsletter, Darryl L. Millis

Darryl L. Millis

No abstract provided.

Transmission Of Ranavirus Between Ectothermic Vertebrate Hosts, R Brenes, Matt J. Gray, T B. Waltzek, Rebecca P. Wilkes, Debra L. Miller

Debra L Miller

Transmission is an essential process that contributes to the survival of pathogens. Ranaviruses are known to infect different classes of lower vertebrates including amphibians, fishes and reptiles. Differences in the likelihood of infection among ectothermic vertebrate hosts could explain the successful yearlong persistence of ranaviruses in aquatic environments. The goal of this study was to determine if transmission of a Frog Virus 3 (FV3)-like ranavirus was possible among three species from different ectothermic vertebrate classes: Cope's gray treefrog (Hyla chrysoscelis) larvae, mosquito fish (Gambusia affinis), and red-eared slider (Trachemys scripta elegans). We housed individuals previously exposed to the FV3-like ranavirus …

Seasonal Trends In Nesting Leatherback Turtle (Dermochelys Coriacea) Serum Proteins Further Verify Capital Breeding Hypothesis, Justin R. Perrault, J Wyneken, A Page-Karjian, A Merrill, Debra L. Miller

Debra L Miller

Serum protein concentrations provide insight into the nutritional and immune status of organisms. It has been suggested that some marine turtles are capital breeders that fast during the nesting season. In this study, we documented serum proteins in neo-phyte and remigrant nesting leatherback sea turtles (Dermochelys coriacea). This allowed us to establish trends across the nesting season to determine whether these physiological parameters indicate if leatherbacks forage or fast while on nesting grounds. Using the biuret method and agarose gel electrophoresis, total serum protein (median=5.0g/dl) and protein fractions were quantified and include pre-albumin (median=0.0g/dl), albumin (median=1.81g/dl),α1-globulin (median=0.90g/dl),α2-globulin(median]=0.74g/dl), total α-globulin (median=1.64g/dl), …

Evaluation Of A Semiquantitative Snap Test For Measurement Of Bile Acids In Dogs, Rachel L. Seibert, Karen M. Tobias, Ann Reed, Karl R. Snyder

Ann Reed

Background. Serum bile acids (SBA) are used as a routine screening tool of liver function in dogs. Serum samples are usually shipped to a referral laboratory for quantitative analysis with an enzymatic chemistry analyzer. The canine SNAP Bile Acids Test (SNAP-BAT) provides an immediate, semi-quantitative measurement of bile acid concentrations in-house. With the SNAP-BAT, bile acids concentrations of 5–30 µmol/L are quantified, and results outside of that range are classified as <5 or >30 µmol/L. Agreement of the SNAP-BAT with the enzymatic method has not been extensively investigated.

Objectives. The purposes of this prospective clinical study were to assess the precision of …

Transient Silencing Of A Type Iv P-Type Atpase Results In Decreased Glut4 Translo-Cation And Altered Signaling Of Mapk And Pi3k Pathways, Sarah Hurst, Nolan Hoffman, Jeffrey Elmendorf, Madhu S. Dhar

Madhu S Dhar

SBN: 978-14775549-6-8

Evaluation Of A Semiquantitative Snap Test For Measurement Of Bile Acids In Dogs, Rachel L. Seibert, Karen M. Tobias, Ann Reed, Karl R. Snyder

Karen M. Tobias DVM, DACVS, College of Veterinary Medicine

Background. Serum bile acids (SBA) are used as a routine screening tool of liver function in dogs. Serum samples are usually shipped to a referral laboratory for quantitative analysis with an enzymatic chemistry analyzer. The canine SNAP Bile Acids Test (SNAP-BAT) provides an immediate, semi-quantitative measurement of bile acid concentrations in-house. With the SNAP-BAT, bile acids concentrations of 5–30 µmol/L are quantified, and results outside of that range are classified as <5 or >30 µmol/L. Agreement of the SNAP-BAT with the enzymatic method has not been extensively investigated. Objectives. The purposes of this prospective clinical study were to assess the precision of …

Providing An Information Prescription Veterinary Medical Clinics: A Pilot Study, Lori Kogan, Regina Schoenfeld-Tacher, Ann R. Viera, Lauren Gould, Peter Hellyer

Ann R Viera MLIS

No abstract provided.

Kisspeptin Receptor Agonist (Ftm080) Increased Plasma Concentrations Of Luteinizing Hormone In Anestrous Ewes, Brian K. Whitlock, Kelly A. Chameroy, Rebecca R. Payton, Shinya Oishi, Nobutaka Fujii, Joseph A. Daniel

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

Kisspeptin (KP) and the KP receptor (Kiss1r) are integral to central regulation of the gonadotropic-axis. The demonstration that intravenous infusion of KP can stimulate gonadotropin secretion and ovulation in seasonally anestrous female sheep offers a means of manipulating the reproductive axis. However, KP may be of limited clinical use because of the short circulating half-life. Kiss1r agonists with increased half-life and similar efficacy to KP in vitro potentially may provide beneficial applications in breeding management of many species. However, many of these agonists have not been tested in vivo. This study was designed to test and compare the effects of …

Comparison Of Presumptive Echocardiographic And Definitive Diagnoses Of Cardiac Tumors In Dogs (Doi: 10.1111/Jvim.12134. [Epub Ahead Of Print]), V Rajagopalan, Sophy Jesty, Linden Craig, Rebecca Gompf

Sophy Jesty

No abstract provided.

Effect Of Meloxicam On Gain And Inflammatory Response Of Calves Castrated By Banding Post-Weaning, Brian K. Whitlock, Peter D. Krawczel, Jeff A. Carroll, Nicole C. Burdick Sanchez, Jeff W. Dailey, Joseph A. Daniel, Johann F. Coetzee

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

Castration may detrimentally affect the health and performance of weaned calves, and painful procedures are increasingly becoming a public concern. The objective of this study was to determine the effects of castration (by banding) with or without administration of meloxicam, a non-steroid anti-inflammatory, on performance and inflammatory response in weaned beef calves. Forty-eight (weaned) beef calves [10.0±0.2 mo old; 304±6 kg BW] were blocked by age, BW, wither height, scrotal circumference, and source, then randomly assigned to 1 of 3 treatments (n=16 calves per treatment: 1) intact bulls (BULL), 2) castration by banding (BAN), or 3) castration by banding with …

Effect Of Meloxicam On Gain And Behavior Of Calves Castrated By Banding Pre-Weaning, Joseph A. Daniel, Peter D. Krawczel, Brian K. Whitlock

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

The objective was to determine if oral meloxicam (M; a non-steroid anti-inflammatory) administered at castration of pre-weaning calves affected ADG or behavior. Prior to castration (14 d), Angus bulls were assigned to bull (BULL; n = 7; age 106 ± 6 d; BW = 174.2 ±7.7 kg; scrotal circumference 17.7 ± 0.4 cm), castrated (BAN; n = 12; age = 105 ± 5 d; BW = 144.5 ± 7.6 kg; scrotal circumference = 16 ± 0.4 cm) or castrated with meloxicam (BAN+M; n = 13; age = 121 ± 6 d; BW = 145.8 ± 6 kg; scrotal circumference = …

Meloxicam Mediates Short-Term Behavioral Changes Of Castrated Calves, Peter D. Krawczel, Jeff A. Carroll, Nicole C. Burdick Sanchez, Jeff W. Dailey, Joseph A. Daniel, Johann F. Coetzee, Brian K. Whitlock

Brian K Whitlock, PhD, DVM, DACT

Castration may detrimentally affect the health and performance of weaned calves and painful procedures are increasingly a public concern. Therefore, practical pain mitigation is critical. The objective was to determine the effects of castration (by banding) with or without administration of NSAID, meloxicam, on the behavior of weaned beef calves. Forty-eight (56 d post-weaning) beef calves [10.0 ± 0.2 (mean ± SE) mo old; 304 ± 6 kg BW] were blocked by multiple factors then randomly assigned to 3 treatments (n = 16 calves per treatment: 1) intact bulls (BULL), 2) castration by banding (BAN), or 3) castration by banding …

Comparison Of Presumptive Echocardiographic And Definitive Diagnoses Of Cardiac Tumors In Dogs (Doi: 10.1111/Jvim.12134, V Rajagopalan, Sophy Jesty, Linden Craig, Rebecca Gompf

Linden E. Craig DVM, Ph.D., DACVP, College of Veterinary Medicine

doi: 10.1111/jvim.12134

Comparison Of Presumptive Echocardiographic And Definitive Diagnoses Of Cardiac Tumors In Dogs (Doi: 10.1111/Jvim.12134. [Epub Ahead Of Print]), V Rajagopalan, Sophy Jesty, Linden Craig, Rebecca Gompf

Rebecca Elaine Gompf DVM

doi: 10.1111/jvim.1213