Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Fentanyl: Abuse Potential And Prevention Strategies Tor Pharmacists, Margaret Rowland, Amanda Hoersten, Sarah Webb, H. Paige Stewart, Lindsey Hallman, Michael Milks

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

The abuse of fentanyl is becoming more prevalent, with patients devising new methods of extraction in order to abuse it. Fentanyl patches were originally intended for the opioid tolerant patients still requiring pain relief, but illicit use and drug diversion of this medication continues to grow at an alarming rate. Several cases of abuse have been documented in which patients were chewing patches for oral absorption, distilling the drug into liquid form for injection, or rectally inserting the patches. To discourage and prevent abuse, a keenly aware pharmacist can provide patients with important counseling points on proper use, disposal and …

Prescription Drug Abuse: A Guide For Pharmacists, Brieann J. Miller, Amanda C. Mcdavid, Nicholas J. Edmonds, Joshua P. Stevens, Cynthia C. Nguyen, Ryan W. Naseman, Michael M. Milks

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Millions of Americans use prescription psychotherapeutc drugs for nonmedical purposes. The most commonly abused prescription drugs are painkillers, followed by sedatives and stimulants. The first step towards ending prescription drug abuse must be taken by the pharmacist. Professional and student organizations, as well the as the newly founded Ohio Rx Abuse Prevention (OhioRAP) Coalition, provide resources to pharmacists and pharmacy students who want to reduce prescription drug abuse. This article discusses these various resources and provides a guide for pharmacists to take an active role in reducing prescription drug abuse and positively impact patient outcomes and their communities.

Is There Less Opioid Abuse In States Where Marijuana Has Been Decriminalized, Either For Medicinal Or Recreational Use? A Clin-Iq, Aaron M. Wendelboe, Richard Mathew, Tana Chongsuwat, Elizabeth Rainwater, Mark A. Wendelboe, Elizabeth Wickersham Md, Ann F. Chou

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Opioid use, abuse, and associated mortality have reached an epidemic level. In some states, cannabis is being used to treat chronic pain. To examine the hypothesis that medical marijuana legislation may reduce adverse opioid-related outcomes if patients substitute cannabis for opioids for pain management, we conducted a clinical inquiry (Clin-IQ). We searched Ovid MEDLINE, Ovid MEDLINE In-Process, and Embase for studies using the search terms marijuana, cannabis, legal, marijuana smoking, medical marijuana, opioid-related disorders, cannabis use, medical cannabis, legal aspect, and opiate addiction. We included population-based articles published from January 1, 2012, through December 5, 2018, that assessed the relationship …

Addressing Postpartum Smoking Relapse Among Low-Income Women: A Randomized Control Trial, Kristine Alaniz, Bruce Christiansen, Tingting Sullivan, Lisette Khalil, Michael C. Fiore

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

Purpose: Smoking during pregnancy can have dire consequences for both the baby and mother. Low-income pregnant women smoke at particularly high rates. Among women who quit during pregnancy, postpartum relapse is high. This randomized control trial tested the effect of adding postpartum assistance to an existing smoking cessation program (First Breath) designed for low-income women.

Methods: Of 185 study participants, 94 women were randomly assigned to the standard First Breath program (control) and 91 to an enhanced program. First Breath consisted of evidence-based smoking cessation counseling provided at every prenatal visit. The enhanced program included all First Breath services plus …

Finding Harmony In Health For Treating Addiction: Support For Women In Recovery Through Music Therapy, Molly Rea

Purdue Journal of Service-Learning and International Engagement

Molly Rea is a senior music therapy student at Purdue University who is minoring in psychology and holds an Associate of Science in Liberal Arts degree from Ivy Tech Community College. She has gained clinical experience over the past three years by bringing music therapy to individual, nursing home, hospital, and group rehabilitation settings. She aspires to open and manage an integrative holistic healthcare clinic to address needs of individuals living in disadvantaged communities where mental health resources are scarce. Her passion lies in mental health awareness and she hopes to address conditions such as depression, anxiety, addiction, and suicide …

Adderall®: Understanding And Preventing Its Abuse Amongst College-Aged Students, Adam Trimble, Cody Hay, Lindsay Mark, Heather Helsel, Tom Kier

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

No abstract provided.

Common Questions And Answers Regarding Oarrs For Pharmacists, Brittany M. Dye, Victoria S. Pennington, Rachel J. Pucel, Lindsay A. Fleegle, Donald L. Sullivan

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

No abstract provided.

Prescription Drug Abuse: What Are We Doing About It?, Heather Helsel, Thomas Otroba, Juliana Zschoche, Brandon Haas

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

No abstract provided.

Genetic Predispositions To Opioid Addiction, Legislative Action And Implications To Pharmacy Practice, Adam N. Trimble, David N. Jones, Courtney L. Salvino, Michael M. Milks, David Kisor

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Prescription pain-relievers can be powerfully effective agents in the treatment of moderate to severe pain; however, these drugs are also strongly associated with drug abuse and addiction. In the brain, opioid analgesics bind to various receptors in the mesocorticolimbic dopaminergic pathways, which play a multifaceted interaction of role in reward. Several specific single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) have been identified as potential genetic factors that increase an individual's risk for addiction; however, confounding studies and lack of large trials prohibit definitive conclusions from being drawn. As a result of genetic testing, federal and state laws have been enacted to protect individuals …

New Federal Ban On Bath Salts: Attempts To Contain A Growing Epidemic, Courtney L. Salvino, Adam N. Trimble, David N. Jones, Margaret Rowland, Michael M. Milks

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

No abstract provided.

Latest Trends In The Heroin Epidemic And The Responsibility Of The Pharmacist In Controlling Heroin Abuse, Alexandra Herman, Cassandra Hacker, Emily Wells, Sabrina Hamman, Manoranjan D'Souza

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Over the last few years, there has been an exponential increase in morbidity and mortality associated with heroin abuse. The current rise in heroin abuse and overdose is attributed to widespread use and abuse of prescription opioids, which can produce significant euphoric effects in humans. In fact, reports suggest that heroin abusers initially become addicted to prescription opioids but subsequently switch to heroin because it is cheaper and more easily available than prescription opioids. Over the years, the purity of heroin available for illicit use has been on the decline. Smugglers and heroin vendors have started mixing heroin with other …

Neonatal Abstinence Syndrome From Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor Use During Pregnancy, Elizabeth Kramer, Maria Patnella, Rachel Bulko, Allie Harrison, Hannah Lamb, Manoranjan D'Souza

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Neonatal abstinence syndrome (NAS) is a concern for infants born to mothers receiving treatment with a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) throughout the pregnancy. The risk of NAS associated with SSRI use during pregnancy varies with the specific SSRI that is used by the patient during pregnancy. Common symptoms of NAS include premature delivery, gastrointestinal disturbances, irritability, low birth weight, short length and lack of response to various stimuli. Neonates that present with these symptoms can be scored using either the Finnegan or Lipsitz scoring tools. Neonates experiencing NAS can be calmed or treated using nonpharmacologic methods such as swaddling, …

Drugs Of Abuse: A Review Of Tramadol Abuse, Brittany Crowe, Tiffany Kneuss, Benjamin Finley, Kelsey Fink, Manoranjan S. D'Souza

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

Prescription drug abuse is the fastest growing drug problem in America. Among the different prescription drugs being abused, analgesics are the most commonly abused group of drugs. In the last few years, there is increasing evidence of abuse of tramadol, which is an atypical, centrally acting opioid analgesic. The increasing abuse of tramadol has prompted regulatory authorities to strengthen the product labeling of tramadol with respect to its abuse potential. Furthermore, several states have added tramadol to their controlled substances list. In this article, we will review the pharmacology of tramadol and some of the preclinical and clinical studies that …

A Comparison Of Appalachian And Non-Appalachian Kentucky Dui Offenders, Megan F. Dickson, Megan Kissel, J. Matthew Webster

Journal of Appalachian Health

Background: Driving under the influence has been an overlooked consequence of the opioid epidemic. Although recent reports have highlighted the increased prevalence of DUI in rural communities and the extensive mental health problems and criminal and drug use histories among rural Appalachian DUI offenders, it is unclear how Appalachian DUI populations compare to DUI offenders in other regions.

Purpose: To help fill this void in the literature, the current study uses a statewide sample to examine how Appalachian DUI offenders differ from non-Appalachian DUI offenders in a predominantly rural state.

Methods: Assessment records were examined for 11,640 Kentucky DUI offenders …

Prescription Drug Manufacturer Attempts To Prevent Abuse Of Controlled Substances, Amanda R. Hoersten, Nathaniel Hedrick, Lacey Shumate, H. Paige Stewart, Caitlin Swann, Michael Milks

Pharmacy and Wellness Review

In the United States, prescription drug abuse is on the rise. This trend has impacted the makers of OxyContin®, as well as the manufacturers of other controlled substances,to reevaluate how they formulate their products, resulting in medications, that are more difficult to abuse. These abuse-deterrent formulations utilize physical, chemical and aversion barriers, specific delivery systems, and prodrug technology to prevent abuse. Additionally, some manufacturers have implemented the use of risk-management campaigns and education programs, to reduce the misuse of their products. Working together with prescription drug manufacturers, pharmacists play an important role in preventing abuse and educating patients on the …

Visualization Of Global Opioid Use Disorder Rates Based On Harm Reduction Availability, Soyol Enkh-Amgalan

The Journal of Purdue Undergraduate Research

No abstract provided.

Prescription Medication Misuse Among American Indians In The Midwestern Us, Charley S. Lewis, Jordyn Gunville, Ryan Goeckner, Brian Chase, Lauren Clark, Jianghua He, Won S. Choi, Christine M. Daley

Journal of Health Disparities Research and Practice

Background: Prescription medications, particularly opioids, are often abused rather than used as intended by the prescribing physician. This is well-documented, though little data are available on American Indians. Misuse of other prescription medications is far less documented, but does occur and can have wide-spread effects.

Methods: We used a cross-sectional survey of American Indians in the Midwestern US (N=361) to begin to understand misuse of prescription medications, not necessarily to get high, but for any reason. Participants were recruited for this touchscreen computer-based survey at powwows, health fairs, and other community events through a convenience sample. We asked questions …

Prosecuting Poverty, Criminalizing Care, Wendy A. Bach

William & Mary Law Review

In 2013, state legislators sitting at the heart of America’s opiate epidemic created the crime of fetal assault. Although they offered a fairly standard series of criminologic rationales to justify the legislation, they also posited that the creation of this crime was a precondition to secure treatment (or care) resources for women addicted to opiates. This extraordinary supposition—that criminalizing conduct creates a road to care—is an outgrowth of three interlinked socio-legal trends: the building of the carceral state, the criminalization of poverty, and the rapid growth, since the late 1980s, of a new generation of problem-solving courts. Framed in this …

Comprehensive Trauma-Informed Care For The Whole Community: The Whole Child Initiative Model, Gregory J. Benner Ph.D.

Educational Considerations

The Whole Child Initiative (WCI) is a decade-long blueprint for sustainable and comprehensive community-wide change. To be successful, community-wide sustainable change must embrace a common vision, language, and common experiences to bridge the contrasting community structures, environments, and scopes of work. The Whole Child Initiative uses data, shared goals, and aligned supports ensure that every youth is safe, supported, engaged, healthy, and challenged in the community-at-large. We make the case that a population health or public health approach is needed to sustainable change in communities and the WCI model is described. Among other important outcomes, researchers have found social and …

Diet And Addiction: Interview With A Former Food, Pornography, And Alcohol Addict, Tro Kalayjian, Brian Lenzkes

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

Drs. Tro Kalayjian (Tapan, New York) and Brian Lenzkes (Santee, California) talk to Matt about his struggles with food, pornography, and alcohol addiction, and how changing his diet contributed to his recovery from his addictions. This report is excerpted from the audio podcast LowCarbMD, Episode 13 (https://itunes.apple.com/us/podcast/low-carb-md-podcast/ ), January 30, 2019). This podcast has filled us with immense hope for those struggling with addiction.

Betrayed Partners And Men With Poisoned Souls: Interview With A Former Sex Buyer In Germany, Ingeborg Kraus

Dignity: A Journal of Analysis of Exploitation and Violence

No abstract provided.

Prevalence Of Alcohol Use: A National Survey Of Deaf Adults In The United States, Poorna Kushalnagar, Traciann Hoglind, Abbi N. Simons, Debra Guthmann

JADARA

Objective: Alcohol is one of the most commonly used substances in the United States. Alcohol consumption has been linked to several sociodemographic and social characteristics in the general population. Research is needed to understand the prevalence of and characteristics related to alcohol use in Deaf adults. Our study purpose was to determine nation-wide prevalence of alcohol use and investigate characteristics related to alcohol consumption in Deaf adults in the United States.

Methods: Secondary data were drawn from the Health Information National Trends in American Sign Language (HINTS-ASL). Self-reported data from 1272 Deaf adults (56% female) were used to …