Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Longitudinal Sport Science Implementation In American Collegiate Men’S Basketball, Jason Stone

Graduate Theses, Dissertations, and Problem Reports

The expanding opportunities to implement sport science frameworks in elite-level basketball environments coincide with the sport’s increasing global prominence. Concomitant to these opportunities is the continual growth of the sport technology market (e.g., wearables, force plates) and computational power (e.g., data management tools, coding capabilities), which yields solutions and challenges for both athletes and practitioners. Due to the rapid influx of new sport technologies in high performance environments, particularly American Collegiate Men’s Basketball, more formal and ecologically valid research on how to effectively utilize data derived from them, particularly over long periods of time (i.e., multiple seasons) is needed. To …

An Investigation Into The Use Of Biomechanical And Performance Data From Vertical Jump Testing To Monitor Competitive Weightlifters, Dylan Suarez

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

This investigation aimed to employ novel analyses to longitudinal jump testing data gathered from competitive weightlifters to identify how certain biomechanical and performance characteristics obtained from the countermovement jump (CMJ) relate to changes in weightlifting performance over time and if they can differentiate higher and lower performers. A linear mixed-effect model was used to assess and compare the ability of countermovement jump height and net-impulse to predict Sinclair weightlifting total. CMJ force-time waveforms were compared in cross-sectional and repeated measures analyses to distinguish the force application patterns of higher-performing weightlifters and if they change over extended periods of training. It …

Attenuated Lower Limb Stretch-Shorten-Cycle Capacity In Acl Injured Vs. Non-Injured Female Alpine Ski Racers: Not Just A Matter Of Between-Limb Asymmetry, Matthew J. Jordan, Nathaniel Morris, Sophia Nimphius, Per Aagaard, Walter Herzog

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

A retrospective analysis of routine countermovement jump (CMJ) testing, a coupled eccentric-concentric (stretch-shorten-cycle: SSC) movement, was performed in female elite alpine skiers with anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction (ACLR) and without ACLR. A total of 567 tests obtained from the daily training environment were analyzed in 41 elite female athletes (non-injured control: n = 30, ACLR: n = 17), including n = 6 athletes with pre-injury data, between 16 and 32 years of age from alpine ski racing (n = 32) and skier cross (n = 9). Bilateral CMJ testing was conducted on a dual force plate system, and the …

Forecasting Neuromuscular Recovery After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury: Athlete Recovery Profiles With Generalized Additive Modeling, Matthew J. Jordan, Nathaniel Morris, Jeremiah Barnert, Drew Lawson, Isabel Aldrich Witt, Walter H Herzog

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

A retrospective analysis of longitudinally collected athlete monitoring data wasconducted to generate a model of neuromuscular recovery after anterior cruciateligament (ACL) injury and reconstruction (ACLR). Neuromuscular testing data in-cluding countermovement jump (CMJ) force‐time asymmetries and knee extensorstrength (maximum voluntary contractionext) asymmetries (between‐limb asymmetryindex—AI) were obtained from athletes with ACLR using semitendinosus (ST) au-tograft (n= 29; AI measurements: n= 494), bone patellar tendon bone autograft(n= 5; AI measurements:n= 88) and noninjured controls (n= 178; AI measurements:n= 3188). Explosive strength measured as the rate of torque development was alsocalculated. CMJ force‐time asymmetries were measured over discrete movementphases (eccentric deceleration phase, concentric phase). …

Simplifying External Load Data In Ncaa Division-I Men's Basketball Competitions: A Principal Component Analysis, Jason D. Stone, Justin J. Merrigan, Jad Ramadan, Robert Shaun Brown, Gerald T. Cheng, William Guy Hornsby, Holden Smith, Scott M. Galster, Joshua A. Hagen

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

The primary purpose was to simplify external load data obtained during Division-I (DI) basketball competitions via principal component analysis (PCA). A secondary purpose was to determine if the PCA results were sensitive to load demands of different positional groups (POS). Data comprised 229 observations obtained from 10 men's basketball athletes participating in NCAA DI competitions. Each athlete donned an inertial measurement unit that was affixed to the same location on their shorts prior to competition. The PCA revealed two factors that possessed eigenvalues >1.0 and explained 81.42% of the total variance. The first factor comprised total decelerations (totDEC, 0.94), average …

The Agreement Between A Portable Contact-Mat And Force-Plates During Bilateral Vertical Jumps, Stuart N. Guppy, Yosuke Kotani, Jason Lake, Christopher Latella, Jodie Cochrane Wilkie, Kristina Kendall, G. Gregory Haff

Research outputs 2022 to 2026

Force plates are commonly used when assessing vertical jumping performance but are not always affordable or practical tools for all testing situations. Twenty-four participants volunteered to take part in a study investigating the agreement between bilateral force plates and a new commercially available contact mat that records jump height, flight-time (FT), and FT of individual limbs during both countermovement (CMJ) and squat (SJ) jumps. Each participant performed six jumps of each type while standing on a contact mat placed upon a pair of in-ground force plates. When compared to the force plate via ordinary least products regression, the contact mat …

Comparing Different Scaling Methods For Monitoring Weightlifting Performance, Jake Slaton

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Physiological performance has been commonly scaled for body size using various methods to scale anthropometrics, but a paucity of data exists on scaling muscle size. The aim of this thesis was to elucidate the optimal method to scale height (HT), body mass (BM), lean body mass (LBM), and muscle cross-sectional area (CSA) when scaling weightlifting performance for body size. 26 weightlifters (13 male, 13 female) participated in this study. The measurements collected were the snatch (SN), clean and jerk (CJ), isometric peak force (IPF), and countermovement jump height (CMJH). HT, LBM, BM, and vastus lateralis CSA were scaled using the …

Functional Performance Testing In Ice Hockey: The Role Of The Single Leg, Medial Countermovement Jump, Anthony S. Donskov

Electronic Thesis and Dissertation Repository

Due to the physical nature of the game, injuries are common in ice hockey. Injury rates have been difficult to interpret due to the inconsistencies in the definitions of injury and athlete exposure. Consensus statements on injury definitions have been developed for sports such as soccer and rugby but have not been established in ice hockey. Furthermore, many different off-ice tests are performed, but a hockey-specific performance test has not been promoted. Accordingly, the objective for this thesis was to investigate injury rates, injury definition, athlete exposure and injury type in men’s ice hockey, and providing information on a practical …

Alterations In Adiponectin, Leptin, Resistin, Testosterone, And Cortisol Across Eleven Weeks Of Training Among Division One Collegiate Throwers: A Preliminary Study, W. Guy Hornsby, G. Gregory Haff, Dylan G. Suarez, Michael W. Ramsey, N. Travis Triplett, Justin P. Hardee, Margaret E. Stone, Michael H. Stone

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

© 2020 by the authors. Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/). Cytokine and hormone concentrations can be linked to the manipulation of training variables and to subsequent alterations in performance. Subjects: Nine D-1 collegiate throwers and 4 control subjects participated in this preliminary and exploratory report. Methods: Hormone (testosterone (T) and cortisol (C)) and adipokine (adiponectin, leptin, and resistin) measurements were taken at weeks 1, 7, and 11 for the throwers and weeks 1 and 11 for the control group. …

A 4-Year Profile Of Game Demands In Elite Women's Division I College Basketball, Lynda B. Ransdell, Teena Murray, Yong Gao, Paul Jones, Dierdra Bycura

Kinesiology Faculty Publications and Presentations

Workload for a Division I women’s collegiate basketball team (0.817 win percentage) was examined by: (a) season, (b) player position, and (c) game outcome (wins vs. losses). Female athletes (n = 6, mean 19.7 ± 1.5 years, at beginning of study) wore Catapult S5 units during 91.8% of games over a 4-year period. Average PlayerLoad, PlayerLoad per minute (PL·min^-1), high inertial movement analysis (high-IMA), and jumps were quantified using Catapult Openfield software (version 1.14.1+). Data were checked for normality and log- or square-root-transformed when they were non-normal. A series of linear mixed model analyses were conducted to …

Phase- Specific Changes In Rate Of Force Development And Muscle Morphology Throughout A Block Periodized Training Cycle In Weightlifters, Dylan G. Suarez, Satoshi Mizuguchi, William Guy Hornsby, Aaron J. Cunanan, Donald J. Marsh, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this study was to investigate the kinetic and morphological adaptations that occur during distinct phases of a block periodized training cycle in weightlifters. Athlete monitoring data from nine experienced collegiate weightlifters was used. Isometric mid-thigh pull (IMTP) and ultrasonography (US) results were compared to examine the effects of three specific phases of a training cycle leading up to a competition. During the high volume strength-endurance phase (SE) small depressions in rate of force development (RFD) but statistically significant (p ≤ 0.05) increases in vastus lateralis cross-sectional area (CSA), and body mass (BM) were observed. The lower volume …

Cell Free Dna As A Marker Of Training Status In Weightlifters, Jeremy A. Gentles, William G. Hornsby, Christine L. Coniglio, Andy R. Dotterweich, Jon A. Miller, Charles A. Stuart, Michael H. Stone

Jeremy A. Gentles

The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the changes in cf-DNA as it relates to fluctuations in resistance training workloads and intensities. The relationship between cell free DNA (cf-DNA), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), testosterone (T), cortisol (C), testosterone-cortisol ratio (T:C), body mass and body composition were also examined. Eight weightlifters (5 males and 3 females, age = 25 ± 3.5 yr, body mass = 88.3 ± 22.7 kg, height = 173.8 ±8.4 cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Venous blood samples, body mass and body composition were taken six times, each corresponding to the end of …

Maximum Strength, Rate Of Force Development, Jump Height, And Peak Power Alterations In Weightlifters Across Five Months Of Training, W. Guy Hornsby, Jeremy A. Gentles, Christopher J. Macdonald, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone

Michael H. Stone

The purpose of this monitoring study was to investigate how alterations in training affect changes in force-related characteristics and weightlifting performance. Subjects: Seven competitive weightlifters participated in the study. Methods: The weightlifters performed a block style periodized plan across 20 weeks. Force plate data from the isometric mid-thigh pull and static jumps with 0 kg, 11 kg, and 20 kg were collected near the end of each training block (weeks 1, 6, 10, 13, 17, and 20). Weightlifting performance was measured at weeks 0, 7, 11, and 20. Results: Very strong correlations were noted between weightlifting performances and isometric rate …

Cell Free Dna As A Marker Of Training Status In Weightlifters, Jeremy A. Gentles, William G. Hornsby, Christine L. Coniglio, Andy R. Dotterweich, Jon A. Miller, Charles A. Stuart, Michael H. Stone

Andy R. Dotterweich

The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the changes in cf-DNA as it relates to fluctuations in resistance training workloads and intensities. The relationship between cell free DNA (cf-DNA), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), testosterone (T), cortisol (C), testosterone-cortisol ratio (T:C), body mass and body composition were also examined. Eight weightlifters (5 males and 3 females, age = 25 ± 3.5 yr, body mass = 88.3 ± 22.7 kg, height = 173.8 ±8.4 cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Venous blood samples, body mass and body composition were taken six times, each corresponding to the end of …

The Validity Of The Push Band 2.0 During Vertical Jump Performance, Jason P. Lake, Simon Augustus, Kieran Austin, Peter Mundy, John J. Mcmahon, Paul Comfort, Guy G. Haff

Research outputs 2014 to 2021

The Push Band has the potential to provide a cheap and practical method of measuring velocity and power during countermovement vertical jumping (CMJ). However, very little is known about whether it conforms to laboratory-based gold standards. The aim of this study was to assess the agreement between peak and mean velocity and power obtained from the belt-worn Push Band, and derived from three-dimensional motion capture, and vertical force from an in-ground force platform. Twenty-two volunteers performed 3 CMJ on a force platform, while a belt-worn Push Band and a motion capture system (a marker affixed to the Push Band) simultaneously …

Preliminary Scale Of Reference Values For Evaluating Reactive Strength Index-Modified In Male And Female Ncaa Division I Athletes, Christopher J. Sole, Timothy J. Suchomel, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this analysis was to construct a preliminary scale of reference values for reactive strength index-modified (RSImod). Countermovement jump data from 151 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) Division I collegiate athletes (male n = 76; female n = 75) were analyzed. Using percentiles, scales for both male and female samples were constructed. For further analysis, athletes were separated into four performance groups based on RSImod and comparisons of jump height (JH), and time to takeoff (TTT) were performed. RSImod values ranged from 0.208 to 0.704 and 0.135 to 0.553 in males and females, respectively. Males had greater RSImod …

Fascicle Arrangement In College-Aged Athletes, Jacob Goodin

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

Purpose: To compare muscle architecture variables between sport and sex in competitive athletes, and to compare muscle architecture with performance variables in strong versus weak athletes, and good versus poor jumpers. Methods: The vastus lateralis (VL) and lateral gastrocnemius (LG) muscles of 139 collegiate athletes were collected using ultrasonography to determine muscle thickness (MT), pennation angle (PA), fascicle length (FL), and relative fascicle length (FL_rel). Absolute and relative peak power, absolute and relative isometric peak force, and jump height were measured in a subset of baseball and soccer athletes. A 5x2 factorial analysis of variance (ANOVA) was used …

Fascicle Arrangement In College-Aged Athletes, Jacob Goodin

Jacob Goodin

Resistance Training Volume Load With And Without Exercise Displacement, William Guy Hornsby, Jeremy A. Gentles, Paul Comfort, Timothy J. Suchomel

Faculty & Staff Scholarship

Monitoring the resistance training volume load (VL) (sets × reps × load) is essential to managing resistance training and the recovery–adaptation process. Subjects: Eight trained weightlifters, seven of which were at national level, participated in the study. Methods: VL was measured both with (VLwD) and without (VL) the inclusion of barbell displacement, across twenty weeks of training, in order to allow for comparisons to be made of these VL calculating methods. This consisted of recording the load, repetition count, and barbell displacement for every set executed. Comparisons were made between VL and VLwD for individual blocks of training, select training …

Maximum Strength, Rate Of Force Development, Jump Height, And Peak Power Alterations In Weightlifters Across Five Months Of Training, W. Guy Hornsby, Jeremy A. Gentles, Christopher J. Macdonald, Satoshi Mizuguchi, Michael W. Ramsey, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this monitoring study was to investigate how alterations in training affect changes in force-related characteristics and weightlifting performance. Subjects: Seven competitive weightlifters participated in the study. Methods: The weightlifters performed a block style periodized plan across 20 weeks. Force plate data from the isometric mid-thigh pull and static jumps with 0 kg, 11 kg, and 20 kg were collected near the end of each training block (weeks 1, 6, 10, 13, 17, and 20). Weightlifting performance was measured at weeks 0, 7, 11, and 20. Results: Very strong correlations were noted between weightlifting performances and isometric rate …

An Examination Of The Workloads And The Effectiveness Of An Athlete Monitoring Program In Ncaa Division I Men's Soccer, Matthew L. Sams

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purposes of this dissertation were to examine common athlete training and monitoring practices in men’s collegiate soccer and to report the programming strategies and monitoring outcomes for an NCAA Division I men’s collegiate soccer team whose coaching and sport science staff collaborated on a daily basis. The following are the major findings of the dissertation:

Study 1 – Coaches from all divisions of play responded to a custom survey. A majority of coaches developed an in-season training plan that varied both daily and weekly volume and intensity. One-third of the coaches performed no athlete monitoring, and a number of …

Cell Free Dna As A Marker Of Training Status In Weightlifters, Jeremy A. Gentles, William G. Hornsby, Christine L. Coniglio, Andy R. Dotterweich, Jon A. Miller, Charles A. Stuart, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

The purpose of this investigation was to elucidate the changes in cf-DNA as it relates to fluctuations in resistance training workloads and intensities. The relationship between cell free DNA (cf-DNA), C-reactive protein (CRP), creatine kinase (CK), testosterone (T), cortisol (C), testosterone-cortisol ratio (T:C), body mass and body composition were also examined. Eight weightlifters (5 males and 3 females, age = 25 ± 3.5 yr, body mass = 88.3 ± 22.7 kg, height = 173.8 ±8.4 cm) volunteered to participate in this study. Venous blood samples, body mass and body composition were taken six times, each corresponding to the end of …

Injuries In Collegiate Women’S Volleyball: A Four-Year Retrospective Analysis, Christopher J. Sole, Ashley A. Kavanaugh, Michael H. Stone

ETSU Faculty Works

A four-year retrospective analysis of injury data was conducted on a collegiate (NCAA Division I) women’s volleyball team. Twenty athletes (Year 1: age = 19.4 ± 0.9 y, height = 175.2 ± 5.1 cm, body mass = 70.5 ± 10.2 kg; Year 2: age = 20.1 ± 1.0 y, height = 175.7 ± 4.7 cm, body mass = 69.5 ± 10.1 kg; Year 3: age = 20.1 ± 1.4 y, height = 173.8 ± 6.3 cm, body mass = 69.9 ± 10.8 kg; Year 4: age = 19.5 ± 1.4 y, height = 174.4 ± 8.6 cm, body mass = …

An Investigation Of The Relationship Between A Static Jump Protocol And Squat Strength: A Potential Protocol For Collegiate Strength And Explosive Athlete Monitoring, Cody Haun

Electronic Theses and Dissertations

The purpose of this study was to examine the relationship between estimated absolute and relative squat strength and a static jump protocol with potential to provide desirable training adaptation data to practitioners in the field of collegiate strength and conditioning. Forty-one young (20.80 ± 2.44 years), healthy volunteers reported estimated back squat 1RM’s based on the most recent training block and completed a static jump protocol. Males (n=19, est. 1RM 141.29 ± 32.02kg) and female (n=22, est. 1RM 71.56 ± 19.64kg) jump data revealed large to very large correlations between squat strength, mean jump heights of jumps and other calculated …

Sources Of Variability In Iso-Inertial Jump Assessments, Kristie-Lee Taylor, John Cronin, Nicholas Gill, Dale Chapman, Jeremy Sheppard

Nicholas J Gill

Purpose: This investigation aimed to quantify the typical variation for kinetic and kinematic variables measured during loaded jump squats. Methods: Thirteen professional athletes performed six maximal effort countermovement jumps on fouroccasions. Testing occurred over 2 d, twice per day (8 AM and 2 PM) separated by 7 d, with the same procedures replicated on each occasion. Jump height, peak power (PP), relative peak power (RPP), mean power (MP), peak velocity (PV), peak force (PF), mean force (MF), and peak rate of force development (RFD) measurements were obtained from a linear optical encoder attached to a 40 kg barbell. Results: A …

Sources Of Variability In Iso-Inertial Jump Assessments, Kristie-Lee Taylor, John Cronin, Nicholas Gill, Dale Chapman, Jeremy Sheppard

Research outputs pre 2011

Purpose: This investigation aimed to quantify the typical variation for kinetic and kinematic variables measured during loaded jump squats. Methods: Thirteen professional athletes performed six maximal effort countermovement jumps on fouroccasions. Testing occurred over 2 d, twice per day (8 AM and 2 PM) separated by 7 d, with the same procedures replicated on each occasion. Jump height, peak power (PP), relative peak power (RPP), mean power (MP), peak velocity (PV), peak force (PF), mean force (MF), and peak rate of force development (RFD) measurements were obtained from a linear optical encoder attached to a 40 kg barbell. Results: A …