Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Effectiveness Of Spinal Manipulation In The Treatment Of Non-Musculoskeletal Disorders: A Systematic Review, Aynsley Muller Spt, Elizabeth Murphy Spt, Sarah Brownstein Spt, Robert Boyles Pt, Dsc

Physical Therapy Research Symposium

Purpose: Perform a systematic review to determine if spinal manipulation (SM) is an effective treatment for non-musculoskeletal disorders.

Subjects: Four studies from peer-reviewed journals that met inclusion/exclusion criteria were reviewed.

Materials & Methods: Pubmed, PEDro, Chiropractic Literature, CINAHL, Cochrane were searched between March and April 2014. In order to assess methodological quality, three raters applied the PEDro scale to included studies.

Results: The initial search yielded 2,324 articles covering 45 non-musculoskeletal conditions. Four randomized control trials (RCTs), met inclusion criteria. The conditions covered included: inner ear infection, infantile colic, asthma, and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Pedro scores ranged from 6-8, …

Salutogenesis: Implications For Maintaining A Psychologically Informed Physical Therapy Practice, Maximillian Gorchels Spt, Thomas Molyneux-Elliot Spt, Christina Phillips Spt, Danny Mcmillian Pt

Physical Therapy Research Symposium

Pathogenesis, the study of disease origins and causes, looks retrospectively at how to eliminate illnesses once they occur and has been the prevalent approach in Western medicine. Salutogenesis, by comparison, is the study of health origins and causes and looks prospectively at how to create health. There are many psychosocial instruments used to measure the personal factors that influence salutogenesis. However, the salutogenic model has rarely been studied in physical therapy settings, even though physical therapy educators and researchers are currently describing the importance of a psychologically informed practice.

Twenty-five psychological constructs within the salutogenic model were evaluated for this …

Neuromuscular Electrical Stimulation (Nmes) On The Tibialis Anterior Muscle And The Effects On Strength And Gait Mechanics On Stroke Patients: A Systematic Review., Katherine Chan Spt, Rachel Milhem Spt, Casey Hampton Spt

Physical Therapy Research Symposium

Purpose: To establish the effects of neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) on the tibialis anterior muscle (TA) on chronic stroke patients in order to improve gait mechanics.

Subjects: 6

Materials & Methods: A systematic search of Pubmed, PEDro, CINAHL, and Cochrane Library was conducted to identify all pertinent randomized control trials (RCTs). RCTs that met the inclusion criteria were then assessed using the 11-point PEDro scale. Studies were assessed by two raters, and articles that scored 6 or above were accepted for review.

Results: The initial search yielded 34 articles: 21 were pulled for data extraction, six met selected inclusion and …

Effect Of Early Mobilization Programs In The Intensive Care Unit (Icu). A Review Of Systematic Reviews, Rondamarie Smith, Stephanie Pelham, Nicholas Higa, Ann M. Wilson

Physical Therapy Research Symposium

Title: Effect of Early Mobilization Programs in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU). A Review of Systematic Reviews

Authors: Nicholas C. Higa, SPT1; Stephanie J. Pelham, SPT1; Rondamarie B. Smith, SPT1; Ann Wilson, PT, M.Ed., GCS.1

Affiliation(s): 1. Physical Therapy Program, University of Puget Sound;

Purpose: To determine the effect of early mobilization on reducing the side effects associated with prolonged bed rest of patients in the ICU.

Materials & Methods: CINAHL, The Cochrane Library, PEDro and PubMed were searched between April 2015 to August 2015 to identify systematic reviews published from 2000 to 2015 with the keywords “ambulation,” “critical care,” …

Clinical Pain Scale Compendium, Tiffany M. Crow, Nicholas J. Pilch, James P. Aiken

Physical Therapy Research Symposium

Title: Clinical Pain Scale Compendium

Authors: James Aiken, SPT1, Tiffany Crow, SPT1, Nicholas Pilch, SPT1

Affiliation(s): 1. Physical Therapy Program, University of Puget Sound

Theory:

Pain is one of the pivotal aspects of a healthcare examination. Clinicians cannot measure pain objectively, and thus, we can only obtain a subjective report of the patient’s experience. However, the human experience of pain can be measured beyond merely its intensity. The purpose of this compendium is to present a range of pain aspects; the who, what, where, when, and how much of pain measurement. This is accomplished with the following domains: affective, beliefs, …

The Immediate Effects Of Kinesio Taping Versus Thoracic Manipulation In Subjects With Mechanical Neck Pain: A Pilot Study, Ashley Rojan, Brynn Blickenstaff, Jenae Perman, Bob Boyles

Physical Therapy Research Symposium

Title: The Immediate Effects of Kinesio Taping Versus Thoracic Manipulation in Subjects with Mechanical Neck Pain: A Pilot Study.

Authors: Brynn A. Blickenstaff, SPT¹; Jenae L. Perman, SPT¹; Ashley N. Rojan, ATC, AT/L, SPT¹; Dr. Robert E. Boyles, PT, DSc, OCS, FAAOMPT¹.

Affiliation(s): 1. Physical Therapy Program, University of Puget Sound.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to compare the short-term effects of thoracic spine thrust manipulation and exercise (TSM-EX), cervical spine Kinesio Taping and exercise (KT-EX), and exercise only in subjects with mechanical neck pain (MNP).

Subjects: Eleven participants who …

Ability To Maintain A 0.22 M/Sec Gait Speed As Directed By An Auditory Metronome In Adults, Brady Christoph, Stacey Mccutchan, Samantha Mcdaniel

Physical Therapy Research Symposium

Purpose: To determine if healthy adults can maintain a slow gait speed after a seven-day training period of metronome guidance.

Subjects: Twenty students age 18-45 years.

Materials/Methods: The cadence of each participant was determined while walking on a treadmill at 0.22m/sec and individual metronomes were set accordingly. Participants walked along a pre-determined path and Gait­Rite mat (measuring cadence and velocity) with and without metronome guidance. This was repeated after a seven-day training period that consisted of walking with the metronome 10 minutes/day over five of the seven days.

Results: No significant visit effect for cadence (P=0.41) or velocity (P=0.47). Both …

Arm Positioning And Walking Styles Of Children During First 5 Months Of Independent Walking, Bernadette Schrempf, Julia Looper Phd, Pt, Lauren Poole, Alison Gunselman, Katrina Brett

Physical Therapy Research Symposium

Title: ARM POSITIONING AND WALKING STYLE OF CHILDREN DURING FIRST 5 MONTHS OF

INDEPENDENT WALKING

Authors: Poole, Lauren; Brett, Katrina; Gunselman, Alison; Schrempf, Bernadette; Looper, Julia

Affiliation: Physical Therapy, University of Puget Sound, Tacoma, WA, United States.

Purpose: Arm position during initial independent walking (IW) affects upper trunk biomechanics with gait. Arm positioning plays a role in forward propulsion and in maintaining upright position. Previous research has not established time lines or percentages of time spent in each arm position as IW progresses in typically developing infants. This study describes arm positioning across the initial 5 months of IW in …

Content Analysis Of Qualitative Research 2011-2014 On Clients Affected By Autism Spectrum Disorder: Implications For Occupational Therapy Practice, Kathryn Gedrimas

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

Objectives Using a content analysis, this study explored relevant qualitative research conducted on individuals with autism and their families and determined its contribution to occupational therapy intervention and evidence based practice. In addition, this study will seek to update and enrich data collected by Tomlin, Swinth, and Luthman (2011).

Method Sixty-two articles, of 70 gathered, published between 2011 and 2014 in a variety of scientific disciplines were collected and reviewed using a content analysis methodology to extract and summarize themes relevant to occupational therapy practice. Articles included either the perspective of the individual with autism or of their family members. …

Ergonomic Modification To Pipetting To Reduce Discomfort And Muscle Strain, Megan Unyi, Kelsey Asato

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

Objective: This study examined the effects of two ergonomic arm supports on bilateral muscle activity of the upper trapezius during pipette work on laboratory workers and university faculty and students as well as participants’ perception of productivity and discomfort.

Method: A repeated measures design was conducted at each individual’s workplace. Participants (N = 7) did an 8 minute predetermined pipette task using a static ergonomic arm support, a zero gravity dynamic arm support, and no arm support, sequenced at random. Electromyography (EMG) readings of bilateral upper trapezius, as well as perceptions of discomfort and productivity were collected for each trial …

A Manual For Occupational Therapy Student-Run Wellness Program Targeting Persons With Chronic Stroke, Jennifer Hoeniges, Julie Fry

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

It is not uncommon for stroke survivors to encounter a number of mental and physical barriers that impede on their ability to engage in everyday occupations. In order for these individuals to successfully live a meaningful lifestyle, it is necessary that they be educated on how to use their resources and re-integrate themselves back into the community. Participation in group interventions aimed at increasing self-management skills has been effective for persons with other chronic diseases and show potential to increase overall wellness and participation for those living with chronic stroke. A manual was created to educate occupational therapy students on …

Non-Verbal Resource Kit For Center Asays In Morocco, Heidi Vladyka, Christina Reyer

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a common neurological disorder caused by injury during brain development. The impairments commonly associated with CP include motor and sensory deficits that can significantly impact all areas of occupation, especially ADL. In countries such as Morocco where the number of healthcare facilities is limited and languages vary, the burden on families to access appropriate care and education can be challenging. Center Asays in Morocco serves children with CP and requested a DVD for caregivers to provide education on proper positioning for both the child and caregiver during ADL. This project created a DVD that includes instruction …

The Use Of Everyday Technology In Occupational Therapy Practice For Clients With Acquired Brain Injury, Julia Ladner, Allison Davis

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

The purpose of this descriptive study was to investigate how occupational therapists use everyday technology (ET) in their evaluation and treatment of adults with acquired brain injury (ABI). Questions included (1) the type of client therapists believed most likely to benefit from using technology, (2) current patterns of technology use with clients, including type of technology and frequency of use (3) the extent to which therapists think ET was effective, and (4) the supports for and barriers against using ET in practice. A survey was completed by 40 occupational therapists who were members of the Physical Disabilities, Technology, or Home …

Creating A Dvd And Resource Kit: Effective Adl Techniques For Children With Cerebral Palsy And Their Caregivers For A Clinic In Morocco, Africa, Blair Burmark, Carly Valentine

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

Cerebral Palsy (CP) is a common neurological disorder caused by injury during brain development. The impairments commonly associated with CP include motor and sensory deficits that can significantly impact all areas of occupation, especially activities of daily living (ADL). In countries such as Morocco where the number of healthcare facilities is limited and languages vary, the burden on families to access appropriate care and education can be challenging. Center Asays in Morocco serves children with CP and requested a non-language based DVD for caregivers to provide education on proper positioning for both the child and caregiver during ADL. This project …

Tbi-Apps.Com: Teaching Caregivers How To Use Mobile Applications As Compensatory Cognitive Aids For Traumatic Brain Injury, Ana Wright, Megan Caine, Raymond Reed

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

Long-term cognitive deficits resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI) can profoundly impact a person’s role competence and ability to perform daily activities (AOTA, 2014a). Mobile technologies, including smartphones and tablets, have shown potential as effective compensatory aids for memory and executive functioning in individuals with TBI (Waite, 2012). A website was created to provide caregivers tools to independently select, program, and use Apple iOS devices with TBI survivors. The website featured five tutorials for iOS applications, one tutorial for an iOS accessibility feature, and tips for teaching application use to individuals with TBI. It also included general information on the …

Reliability Of A United States Version Of The Nottingham Sensory Assessment, Amy Kaestner, Rebecca Miller

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

Many stroke survivors experience somatosensory deficits and there is currently no “gold standard” reliable standardized assessment commonly used by clinicians in the United States. In the present study, the authors modified the Nottingham Sensory Assessment (NSA) into a U.S. version to provide therapists with a standardized multimodal sensory assessment for use with clients post-stroke. Six licensed rehabilitation practitioners and one occupational therapy student administered the United States-NSA (US-NSA) on 17 older adults with chronic stroke (i.e., at least six months post-stroke) to evaluate its inter-rater reliability. The authors used an intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) to analyze the inter-rater reliability of …

Alternative Seating For Improved Learning In The Classroom, Christie Mosley, Alexia Kritsonis

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

Sensory approaches that are accessible and appropriate for incorporation into the classroom may be a valuable means of providing a learning environment better suited to meet the needs of today’s diverse student body. Up to an estimated 20% of general education students have sensory challenges, leading to over- or under-stimulation, which can result in difficulties with learning and behavior. Evidence-based guidance on implementing alternative seating in the classroom would benefit teachers, who are increasingly held accountable for students’ success. Sensory approaches such as alternative seating have been shown to increase attention and promote self-regulation, leading to improved classroom behavior and …

The Experience Of Participating In A Mentor Training Course And Its Effects On Mentoring People With Traumatic Brain Injuries, Katherine Montgomery

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

Community-based mentoring programs for people with traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) have been found to have several benefits, including decreasing social isolation, improving behavioral control, and increasing quality of life. There is limited literature, however, regarding the experiences of the mentors who participate in these programs. This qualitative study was completed to examine the lived experience of three mentors of people with TBIs following a training program to enhance mentoring skills. Four key themes emerged that included: Readiness to Learn, Density and Complexity of Content, You Got Something Out of It, and Time of Day. This information may help occupational therapists …

Dynamic Seating: Effects On Primary School Student Classroom Behavior, Jordan Kain, Alana Russell, Shauna Irish

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

OBJECTIVE: This study analyzed data obtained from two studies on the effects of dynamic seating on classroom behaviors (Ivory, 2011; Kuhn & Lewis, 2013).

METHOD: Through the Sensory Processing Measure (SPM) and student self-report, the effects of traditional desks, Zuma ® chairs, Disc ‘O’ Sit © cushions, standing desks, FootFidget ® with typical desks, and FootFidget ® with standing desks on 2nd and 4th grade student classroom behavior were analyzed.

RESULTS: A repeated measures analysis of variance test revealed significant differences on student work neatness when using traditional desks, Disc ‘O’ Sit © cushions, Zuma ® chairs, and standing desks. …

Parenting After Traumatic Brain Injury: A Web-Based Support For Caregivers, Arien N. Mcomber, Kristin W. Moore

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

Aggression is common in traumatic brain injury (TBI) survivors (Rao et al., 2009) and can increase caregiver burden (Gan et al., 2006). For TBI survivors who are parents, aggression may also negatively impact parenting skills (Charles, et al., 2007). Resources that support survivors as parents are few (Kieffer-Kristensen, Teasdale, & Bilenberg, 2011), as are supports for their caregivers (Turner et al., 2010). We created a website to educate caregivers about TBI, stressmanagement techniques that help TBI survivors manage aggression, and family activities that facilitate positive interactions with children. When piloted to four people, feedback demonstrated that all goals were met …

Predictive Factors Of Successful Outcomes For Occupational Therapy Students, Juliet Macarthur, Julie Randall

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the extent to which pre-admission factors and program grades predict FWII performance and first time pass status on the NBCOT exam for occupational therapy students at the University of Puget Sound. Method: The sample included 242 students from cohorts 2002 to 2011. Multiple regression was used to predict FWII performance. Logistical regression predicted first time (P1) or second time pass (P2) on the NBCOT. One-sample t-test mean comparisons were calculated between students who passed or failed FWII, and between P1 and P2 students. Results: Prediction of FWII scores was not statistically …

A Manual To Support The Development Of Romantic Relationships And Sexuality For Adolescents And Young Adults With Traumatic Brain Injury, Libby Herriot, Lauren Rollins

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

Traumatic brain injuries (TBIs) affect an estimated 1.4 million individuals in the United States annually (Braden et al., 2010), most often affecting those between the ages of 15-19 years (Kerr, Harmon, Marshall, Proescholdbell, & Waller, 2014). Individuals with TBI experience impaired judgment, impulsivity, and a decrease in emotional regulation, which may result in verbal and nonverbal behaviors that negatively impact the development of sexuality and the formation of romantic relationships (Kay & Lezak, 1990). Additionally, people who sustain TBIs as children or adolescents are also faced with challenges of typically developing teens (e.g., impulsivity and undeveloped executive functioning skills), further …

An Activities-Based Home Program Manual For Student Occupational Therapists In A Campus-Based Teaching Clinic, Casey Brumbach, Kathryn Louthain

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

Home programs are one component of occupational therapy service delivery that improves outcomes for clients and furthers the gains made in therapy. Home programs are individually designed activities and exercises that are intended to be incorporated into the client’s daily routine. Adherence to home programs, however, can be challenging and adherence rates range from 40-70%. Occupational therapy focuses on the use of meaningful, functional activities that have inherent therapeutic power. Home programs utilizing functional activity have been shown to increase effectiveness and follow-through for clients. Despite this evidence, very few activitybased home program resources exist for occupational therapists. Thus, a …

Listening To The Client: Experiences Of Occupational Therapy Services Shared By An Anishinaabe Tribal Member, Lauren Brown, Tessa Currie

School of Occupational Therapy Master's Theses (2010-2015)

The indigenous American consumer perspective is lacking within occupational therapy research. By better understanding the experiences of individuals who identify as indigenous and who have received occupational therapy, practitioners can work to create a more effective therapeutic relationship, more relevant goals, and more effective treatment. A phenomenological approach to qualitative analysis was used to explore the perspective of one indigenous woman and her experience with occupational therapy. Themes that emerged include: 1) know the individual’s background and the tribal and regional history, 2) treat the whole including family and community, and 3) use a functional, practical and individualized approach relevant …

The Impact Of Electrical Stimulation And Exercise On Independent Static Standing Balance, Denise A. Gyselinck Spt, Jennifer R. Briant Spt, Elizabeth L. Goldstein Spt

Physical Therapy Research Symposium

Purpose: Maintaining balance requires a complex integration of input from multiple sensory systems. Studies have shown positive effects of using transcutaneous electrical stimulation (TENS) and neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) to enhance somatosensory feedback and muscular strength associated with balance. The purpose of this study is to examine the effects of electrical stimulation on independent standing balance during single leg stance (SLS) using either NMES with exercise, TENS with exercise, or exercise alone.

Subjects: Fourteen subjects were recruited through a convenience sample on the University of Puget Sound campus.

Methods: Randomized control trial. Subjects participated in this study …

Determining Leg Dominance Using The Unipedal Stance Test (Upst), Sheree Reed, Nia Jennings, Jordan Nakamura, Ann Wilson

Physical Therapy Research Symposium

Purpose: To determine whether the kicking leg or stance leg as determined by the Ball Kicking test results in a longer unipedal stance time as determined by the UPST.

Subjects: Forty-two healthy subjects (13 male, 29 female, mean age 26) with no history of lower limb pathology or balance impairments.

Materials and Methods: Subjects completed the Ball Kicking test and three trials of the UPST in a single session.

Results: UPST times were compared between the best trials of the stance and kicking legs with a significant difference found. Fifty percent of participants (21/42) maintained longer single limb stance times …

The Effectiveness Of Desensitization Therapy For Individuals With Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review, Lauryn M. Helmers, Kira L. Donnelly, Olivia M. Verberne, Roger J. Allen

Physical Therapy Research Symposium

Authors: Kira L, Donnelly, SPT; Lauryn M. Helmers, SPT; Olivia M. Verberne, SPT; Roger J. Allen, PT, PhD

Title: The Effectiveness of Desensitization Therapy for Individuals with Complex Regional Pain Syndrome: A Systematic Review

Purpose: Systematically review evidence supporting the use of desensitization therapy to treat Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS).

Subjects: This systematic review evaluated 10 studies from peer-reviewed journals fitting research criteria.

Materials/Methods: Databases were searched between Mar and Aug of 2014 with the following search terms: complex regional pain syndrome, CRPS, allodynia, desensitization, neuropathic pain, physical therapy, tactile desensitization, pressure desensitization, hydrotherapy, physiotherapy, capsaicin and somatosensory.

Results: …