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Articles 1 - 30 of 125
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Inclusive Sports Environments: Youth Gymnastics Coaches’ Perceptions On Promoting Inclusivity For Autistic Athletes, Alec D. Sheaffer
Inclusive Sports Environments: Youth Gymnastics Coaches’ Perceptions On Promoting Inclusivity For Autistic Athletes, Alec D. Sheaffer
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: Despite the positive physical, psychological, and social benefits of sports, children with disabilities participate in sports at a lower rate than their typically developing peers. Partnerships between occupational therapists and youth sports providers can facilitate inclusive sports environments that enable equitable access to sports for all children.
Purpose: The purpose of the Capstone Project was to explore youth gymnastics coaches’ perceptions on inclusive sports participation following an educational module.
Theoretical Framework. The occupational justice framework (Townsend & Wilcock, 2004) guided the development of the project through the view that equitable participation in preferred occupations is an individual right.
Methods. …
The Effectiveness And Feasibility Of Telehealth Occupational Performance Coaching With Young Adults With Intellectual Disabilities: A Case Study, Mara Sampson
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: College students with intellectual disabilities (ID) experience occupational performance barriers, impeding participation. Limited evidence-based techniques are available to therapists working with this population. Telehealth Occupational Performance Coaching (OPC) has been found to be an effective treatment technique for improving occupational performance and self-determination for populations outside of college students with ID.
Purpose: The purpose of this experimental case study was to test whether participation in a telehealth OPC program for college students with ID increases occupational performance, occupational satisfaction, and self-determination.
Theoretical Framework: Self-Determination Theory and the Canadian Model of Occupational Performance and Engagement (CMOP-E) provide for the theoretical …
Resilience As A State, "A Learned Trait," Among The Brain Injury Population: A Narrative Analysis, Bailey Gifford
Resilience As A State, "A Learned Trait," Among The Brain Injury Population: A Narrative Analysis, Bailey Gifford
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: Traumatic brain injuries (TBI) are acquired injuries resulting from an external trauma to the head (Brain Injury Association of America, 2019). The impact of a TBI is significant with those affected experiencing cognitive decline, decreased mobility, communication barriers, reduced social participation and impairments with engagement in valued occupations.
Purpose: The purpose of this study is to explore the existing literature regarding state resilience for persons who have experienced TBI.
Theoretical Framework: Occupational Adaptation Model promotes occupational performance in meaningful activities through adaptation, which is a continual process based on fluctuating changes in adversity.
Methods: This project design was a …
Professional Behaviors On The Fieldwork Performance Evaluation: Perspectives Of Fieldwork Educators, Jessi S. Clark
Professional Behaviors On The Fieldwork Performance Evaluation: Perspectives Of Fieldwork Educators, Jessi S. Clark
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Occupational therapy (OT) students are assessed on their professional behavior skills during Level II fieldwork (FW) by fieldwork educators (FWEs) as measured by the Fieldwork Performance Evaluation (FWPE). Most of these professional behavior skills are not required components of entry-level OT education, therefore academic preparation may be variable. The purpose of this Capstone project was to study the perspective of FWEs regarding the seven professional behavior items on the FWPE, primarily the relative importance of and academic preparation for these items. Participants included FWEs who completed the FWPE in the last 15 years. They completed an online survey that utilized …
Barriers To Sleep In Us Army Service Members: A Scoping Review, Sally Paul
Barriers To Sleep In Us Army Service Members: A Scoping Review, Sally Paul
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: Insufficient sleep contributes to human health and performance deficits with Active Duty US Army soldiers being at highest risk for poor sleep and subsequent sleep disorders. Research in this area continues to grow and has focused on pathology and intervention, often related to deployment, yet it is vital to understand the barriers to sufficient sleep in healthy soldiers (the majority) in the garrison context, where they will spend most of their time. Purpose: Explore the current state of literature regarding barriers to sufficient sleep in healthy US Army active duty service members in the garrison setting. Theoretical Framework. Biopsychosocial …
Exploring The Perceived Meaning Of Community-Based Lifestyle Wellness Programs, Interprofessional Collaboration, And The Relationship To Occupational Therapy: A Phenomenological Approach, Christina Buchignani
Exploring The Perceived Meaning Of Community-Based Lifestyle Wellness Programs, Interprofessional Collaboration, And The Relationship To Occupational Therapy: A Phenomenological Approach, Christina Buchignani
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Community-based health care providers use interprofessional collaborative strategies to support the lifestyle wellness needs of older adult clients at risk for chronic disease. A phenomenological approach was taken to explore a sample of community-based health care professionals’ shared meanings of lifestyle wellness programming, interprofessional collaboration, and the Lifestyle Redesign® program and to determine the perceived relationship to occupational therapy, if any. The qualitative descriptive thematic analysis within the Framework of Occupational Justice context revealed positive perceptions of lifestyle wellness programming and interprofessional collaboration but limited awareness of Lifestyle Redesign® and occupational therapy’s distinct role in community-based preventive wellness. Occupational therapy …
Administrators’ Perceptions Of Alternative Service Delivery Models And The School-Based Occupational Therapists’ Role, Kimberly Saccucci
Administrators’ Perceptions Of Alternative Service Delivery Models And The School-Based Occupational Therapists’ Role, Kimberly Saccucci
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
School-based occupational therapists (SBOTs) provide a range of services with collaborative consultation amongst interdisciplinary team members being one of their responsibilities. One perspective that has not been thoroughly examined within previous research is the administrators’ perceptions of the OTs’ roles and responsibilities within the school setting, which may impact how therapists can implement alternative service delivery models. This study aimed to determine administrators’ perceptions of the workload model for SBOTs, to explore their understanding of the SBOTs’ role and responsibilities, and to understand their perceptions regarding collaborative consultation.
An anonymous electronic survey was distributed to public school administrators within Rhode …
Occupational Therapy Practitioners’ Perceptions Of Their Confidence And Skills When Providing Community And Social Interventions After A Guided Educational Experience, Jenny Williams
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: As the population is aging, occupational therapy practitioners (OTPs) are well placed to address the community and social needs of older adults to promote healthy aging. However, OTPs seem to be lacking the resources and guidance to implement community and social interventions routinely.
Purpose: This quantitative non-experimental, pre-, and post-survey design aims to determine the impact of a guided education intervention on how OTPs perceive their skills and confidence when providing community and social interventions.
Theoretical Framework: The Model of Health Promotion (Wilcocks, 2006) and Lifestyle Redesign® (Clark et al., 1997) program were used as the guiding theory and …
Occupational Therapy Certified Hand Therapists' Perceptions Of Remaining Rooted In Occupation In The Hand Clinic: A Phenomenological Study, Andrea E. Berke-Mclaughlin
Occupational Therapy Certified Hand Therapists' Perceptions Of Remaining Rooted In Occupation In The Hand Clinic: A Phenomenological Study, Andrea E. Berke-Mclaughlin
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: Occupational Therapy Certified Hand Therapists (OT CHTs) working in the outpatient hand clinic tend to use the dominant biomechanical approach in the rehabilitation of their upper extremity (UE) clients. Due to the existence of a multitude of barriers and challenges for implementing an occupation-based approach, OT CHTs may not treat their UE clients holistically, placing less focus on treating the occupational performance deficits caused by the UE impairment. Purpose: The purpose of this Capstone is to explore the essence of OT CHTs’ current lived experiences in the use of occupation-based approach in the outpatient hand therapy clinic. Theoretical Framework. …
Perceptions Of Occupational Therapy Practitioners In Recognizing And Addressing Older Adult Food Insecurity, Mitzie Marion C. Mickelson
Perceptions Of Occupational Therapy Practitioners In Recognizing And Addressing Older Adult Food Insecurity, Mitzie Marion C. Mickelson
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: According to productive aging initiatives from the American Occupational Therapy Association, occupational therapy practitioners play an integral role in advancing and promoting wellness and independence of adults in later life. Evidence has indicated that numerous occupational therapy interventions can enhance the quality of life and functional ability levels of older adults and may be modified to target the needs of older adults who experience the threat of hunger.
Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative descriptive study is to explore how occupational therapy practitioners view their role in enhancing older adults’ healthy eating behaviors and reducing the risk of food …
The Impact Of Brief Mindfulness Training On Occupational Therapy (Ot) Students' Perceived Level Of Stress, Emily K. Masters
The Impact Of Brief Mindfulness Training On Occupational Therapy (Ot) Students' Perceived Level Of Stress, Emily K. Masters
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: Mental health issues and burnout are becoming more common among students in healthcare programs (Dyrbye et al., 2014). As demands placed on healthcare professions continue to increase, there has been an increased interest in researching the practice of mindfulness to promote self-care (Irving et al., 2009). Mindfulness has been defined as “the awareness that emerges through paying attention on purpose, in the present moment, and nonjudgmentally to the unfolding of experience moment by moment” (Kabat-Zinn, 2003, p. 145). Mindfulness has been shown to decrease stress and anxiety among pre-healthcare college students (Burgstahler & Stenson, 2020). Little research has investigated …
How Do Informal Caregivers Of A Person With Dementia Experience Stress And Which Supports Help Mitigate The Effect Of These Stressors?, Kwandra Andrews Brinson
How Do Informal Caregivers Of A Person With Dementia Experience Stress And Which Supports Help Mitigate The Effect Of These Stressors?, Kwandra Andrews Brinson
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: Alzheimer's disease or related dementias (ADRD) are one of the most rapidly growing epidemics that the world is facing. Caring for a person with ADRD is challenging and often causes informal caregivers stress, loneliness, and social isolation.
Purpose: The aim of this qualitative instrumental case study was to obtain a better understanding of how informal caregivers of persons with ADRD experience stress and which supports helped mitigate the effect of these stressors in their role as a caregiver.
Theoretical Framework: The Model of Human Occupation focuses on therapy helping persons to engage in occupational behaviors that maintain, restore, reorganize, …
Biofeedback And Anxiety Reduction: An Occupational Therapy Intervention For Persons With Long Covid, Colette Freda
Biofeedback And Anxiety Reduction: An Occupational Therapy Intervention For Persons With Long Covid, Colette Freda
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: People who acquire Covid 19 may have symptoms lasting over three months, called Long Covid. It is estimated that one in five people in the United States has Long Covid. Unpleasant symptoms of Long Covid are many including anxiety. People with Long Covid have a difficult time engaging in everyday activities and have a poor quality of life. Occupational therapy practitioners using heart rate variability (HRV) biofeedback may help decrease anxiety in the Long Covid population. There is limited research on occupational therapy and HRV biofeedback.
Purpose: The problem the study addressed was to investigate the use of HRV …
Perceptions Of Occupational Therapists Working In Established Pace Programs, Jessica L. Daugherty-Peters
Perceptions Of Occupational Therapists Working In Established Pace Programs, Jessica L. Daugherty-Peters
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: The Program of All Inclusive Care for the Elderly (PACE) provides medical and social services to older adults who meet nursing home level of care but wish to remain in their own homes. Although PACE has been in existence for decades, this program is new to the state of Kentucky.
Purpose: The problem this Capstone project will address is the need for further research related to occupational therapy’s roles and experiences in PACE programs. This capstone will explore the perceptions of occupational therapists and occupational therapy assistants working in established PACE programs.
Methods: This study followed a Qualitative Descriptive …
Enhancing Support Staff Self-Efficacy In Supporting Neurodiverse Students’ Classroom Engagement, Jennifer Molina
Enhancing Support Staff Self-Efficacy In Supporting Neurodiverse Students’ Classroom Engagement, Jennifer Molina
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Executive Summary
Background: Neurodiverse students often face many challenges within their classroom environment due to a mismatch of the environmental demands and the student’s unique processing. This mismatch is often not understood by school support staff which can lead to adverse student outcomes in academic achievement and graduation rates. Support staff are often undertrained and unsupported in meeting the complex needs of neurodiverse students and OTs are often underutilized in this deficit.
Purpose: The purpose of this capstone project was to measure the knowledge and self-efficacy gained by an evidence-based training module for school support staff that promoted increased classroom …
Community-Dwelling Older Adults’ Perceived Self-Efficacy And Readiness For Discharge After Receiving Occupational Therapy Services At A Skilled Nursing Facility (Snf)., Shih-Ni N. Lai
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Abstract
Background: Older adults who plan to go home from a SNF after having injuries have increased concerns about their transition and feel they have limited knowledge and information on community resources. There is research on the critical roles of occupational therapy in preparing community-dwelling older adults to transition home from SNF. However, limited research on community-dwelling older adults' perception of their self-efficacy and discharge preparedness after receiving occupational therapy services at SNF.
Purpose: This project examines the perceptions of community-dwelling older adults’ preparedness and self-efficacy after receiving occupational therapy services in a SNF to increase their quality of life …
A One-Day In Person Workshop To Assess Novice Occupational Therapists’ Perceived Level Of Preparedness In Supervising Level Ii Fieldwork Students., Inken Prochilo
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Occupational therapy fieldwork education is an in-depth experience required by the American Council of Occupational Therapy Education (ACOTE) to demonstrate entry-level skills as a practitioner. Level II Fieldwork allows the student to apply knowledge gained in the classroom, in a clinical setting under the guidance and mentorship of a qualified therapist, also referred to as a fieldwork educator (FWE). Fieldwork shortages have long been documented and continue to present challenges for academic fieldwork coordinators (AFWC) across the countryThe purpose of this Capstone was to evaluate the impact of an in-person workshop focused on the skills required for the fieldwork supervisory …
Client Perceptions On The Value Of Pre-Surgical Education Regarding The Recovery Process After Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty, Alice J. Mullholand
Client Perceptions On The Value Of Pre-Surgical Education Regarding The Recovery Process After Carpometacarpal Arthroplasty, Alice J. Mullholand
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Executive Summary
Background: The delivery of client education is an intervention that has a substantial influence on healthcare outcomes. However, the significance of preoperative education for outpatient hand treatments remains inadequately supported by research. Occupational therapists possess the necessary skills and knowledge to effectively address the issue of health literacy and make valuable contributions toward the promotion of health equity. The existing research fails to provide adequate evidence to support the claim that preoperative education is important for outpatient hand procedures. It is important to promote the adoption of best practices and enhance clients' health literacy regarding hand surgery to …
Program Evaluation Of A Community-Based Model For Driver Off-Road Assessment In Post-Acute Abi, Eugenia R. Herbst
Program Evaluation Of A Community-Based Model For Driver Off-Road Assessment In Post-Acute Abi, Eugenia R. Herbst
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: Social conditions from the pandemic forced changes to outpatient rehabilitation programs, necessitating pre-driving assessment be administered via telehealth, an alternative model of OT service-delivery. As a result, Shepherd Pathways adapted the clinical pre-driving program for telehealth service delivery. Program outcomes had not been formally assessed.
Purpose:
The purpose of this Capstone project was to conduct a formal program evaluation to collect, analyze, and use data to evaluate effectiveness and efficiency of a clinical return to drive program delivered via telehealth (CDC, n.d.; The university of Kansas toolbox, n.d.). The program evaluation examined the OT process and scope of services …
A Pretest-Posttest Survey Study Of Parent Perceptions Of The Effectiveness Of Occupational Performance Coaching On Caregiver-Child Play Occupations, Hailee B. Lewis House
A Pretest-Posttest Survey Study Of Parent Perceptions Of The Effectiveness Of Occupational Performance Coaching On Caregiver-Child Play Occupations, Hailee B. Lewis House
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: When the COVID-19 pandemic and telehealth was utilized, it was apparent that most client families did not have occupation-based play objects in the home due to having to drive 30 minutes to the closest store, difficulty affording toys, or did not know age-appropriate toys for their child.
Purpose: The study explored home program education strategies, and the relationships between store access, socioeconomic status, and parental education levels on having age-appropriate play-based occupational items in the home.
Theoretical Framework. Occupational Performance Coaching (OPC) is a coaching intervention that helps parents to recognize and implement changes for more successful occupational performance …
Asynchronous Online Telehealth Training: Occupational Therapist’S Perceptions Of Knowledge And Confidence, Breanna L. Campbell
Asynchronous Online Telehealth Training: Occupational Therapist’S Perceptions Of Knowledge And Confidence, Breanna L. Campbell
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Telehealth was not a typical practice in occupational therapy prior to the pandemic (Allen-McHugh & Schleg, 2022; Douglass et al., 2023; Wittmeier et al., 2022). Understanding OT clinician knowledge and confidence in the delivery mode has progressed as a result (Allen-McHugh & Schleg, 2022; Douglass et al., 2023; Soba et al., 2022; Wittmeier et al., 2022). The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of an asynchronous online training module in increasing self-reported knowledge and confidence in occupational therapy clinicians utilizing telehealth with the pediatric population. A pre-experimental pre-posttest quantitative design was used to measure therapist’s perceived knowledge …
Skilled Nuring Facilities Therapists' Experiences With Acquiring Wheelchairs For Their Clients, Vincent Campbell
Skilled Nuring Facilities Therapists' Experiences With Acquiring Wheelchairs For Their Clients, Vincent Campbell
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
The United States (U.S.) population is aging resulting in an increase in Skilled Nursing Home (SNF) residents. A larger proportion of SNF residents rely on wheelchairs for mobility. Currently there are no studies that determine the processes, which therapists utilize to correctly fit their clients for wheelchairs. Poor fitting wheelchairs can have a negative impact on the residents’ ability to participate in occupational activities. Residents may also suffer physical or psychological consequences from an ill-fitting wheelchair. Therapists in SNFs often have no established criteria in providing wheelchairs for their clients. There can be institutional barriers to providing appropriate wheelchairs for …
Don’T Forget The Importance Of Leisure Occupations For The Community Dwelling Elder, Susan Witt
Don’T Forget The Importance Of Leisure Occupations For The Community Dwelling Elder, Susan Witt
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Leisure exploration is important to the community dwelling elder (CDE) as research indicates that social and leisure activities correlate with well-being in this population (Adams et al., 2011). This research project aimed to gain insight on the CDE’s perspective on leisure as they age in place and the role occupational therapists play in leisure promotion for this population. This mixed method study included quantitative data from the Activity Card Sort (ACS) assessment which provided data on how leisure and activities of daily living have changed with aging. Qualitative data was gained through semi-structured interview and explored the perspectives of the …
The Perception Of Stroke On Iadl, Paula O. Buari
The Perception Of Stroke On Iadl, Paula O. Buari
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: Residents in a skilled nursing home receiving rehabilitative services following a stroke may value instrumental activity of daily living (IADL) tasks more than ADL tasks. This research investigates the impact of IADL tasks on quality of life (QoL). Purpose: The research questions were: How do individuals post-stroke and receiving occupational therapy services in a skilled nursing facility perceive their participation, or lack of participation, in IADL, and how does this impact their perceived QoL? Theoretical Framework. The theoretical framework that guided this project was the Model of Human Occupation. Methods. A phenomenological research-based qualitative approach designed to understand …
Occupational Therapy Practitioners’ Perceptions Of Workplace Stressors In One Nursing Home Post Pandemic, Owen T. Tabelisma
Occupational Therapy Practitioners’ Perceptions Of Workplace Stressors In One Nursing Home Post Pandemic, Owen T. Tabelisma
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Executive Summary
Background:
Multiple stress-related issues brought on by the pandemic affected healthcare staff, including occupational therapists. Nursing home settings were particularly impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic. It is important to understand how occupational therapy practitioners in nursing home settings managed stress during the pandemic and how they perceived stress after it passed.
Purpose:
The purpose of this qualitative study was to evaluate occupational therapy practitioners ’perceptions of workplace stressors in one nursing home during the pandemic and to understand how these stressors may have changed post-pandemic.
Theoretical Framework:
The Occupational Adaptation (OA) model was the theoretical framework that served …
Experiences Of Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury And Return To Work: A Scoping Review, Soofia Naqvi
Experiences Of Individuals With Spinal Cord Injury And Return To Work: A Scoping Review, Soofia Naqvi
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: Participation in productive work after a traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI) can often be a challenging experience. This experience is unique to each individual and is often impacted by personal and environmental factors as well as government policies. Previous studies have aimed to identify the factors associated with promoting successful return to work after SCI, but often the perceptions of those who experience SCI are excluded from these studies. This study aims to gain insights regarding the experiences of persons with SCI and participation in productive employment. Purpose: To analyze existing literature about the perceptions of persons with (SCI) …
The Use Of Compression To Treat Phlebolymphedema Symptomology: A Systematic Review, Naomi Moran
The Use Of Compression To Treat Phlebolymphedema Symptomology: A Systematic Review, Naomi Moran
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: There is a lack of clinical practice guidelines regarding treating phlebolymphedema symptomology. To facilitate client centered evidence-based practice, occupational therapists (OTs) who are Certified Lymphedema Therapists (CLTs) need disease specific evidence for treating phlebolymphedema. Finding available evidence regarding the use of complete decongestion therapy (CDT) for this population will support evidence-based practice. For this capstone compression usage is the one component of CDT that will be researched.
Purpose: A systematic review of evidence related to use of static compression for treatment of lower leg phlebolymphedema that is within the scope of a CLT who is not wound care certified. …
Occupational Therapists’ Clinical Reasoning In Aat With Dogs In Pediatric Therapy, Catherine C. Goodman
Occupational Therapists’ Clinical Reasoning In Aat With Dogs In Pediatric Therapy, Catherine C. Goodman
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Purpose: The purpose of the study was to understand the clinical reasoning used by occupational therapists to select animal assisted therapy with a dog to be included in a treatment plan for their pediatric occupational therapy clients
Theoretical Framework. The Ecology of Human Performance model supports the study purpose and emphasizes the effect of a person’s context and environment on their ability to function and perform tasks.
Methods. The descriptive qualitative study used interviews of seven occupational therapy practitioners who have included dogs in therapy sessions with children. Interactive coding and theme development was employed with member checking applied to …
Understanding The Experiences Of Occupational Therapists Assessing And Treating Functional Cognition Following Stroke, Emma R. Gregg
Understanding The Experiences Of Occupational Therapists Assessing And Treating Functional Cognition Following Stroke, Emma R. Gregg
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background. Stroke is one of the leading causes of long-term disability in the United States, with many stroke survivors experiencing cognitive impairment. Despite the prevalence and impact of cognitive impairment amongst the post stroke population, the evidence for functional cognition assessment and intervention in occupational therapy practice is not well described, and there is currently no evidence available exploring the perceptions of occupational therapists regarding functional cognition for stroke survivors.
Purpose. The purpose of this study is to explore the perceptions of occupational therapists assessing and treating functional cognition in individuals following stroke.
Methods. This qualitative descriptive study included occupational …
The Effects Of Education With Healthcare Providers On Low Vision Assistive Devices And Their Ability To Improve Self-Care Skills, Lora L. Jester-Rains
The Effects Of Education With Healthcare Providers On Low Vision Assistive Devices And Their Ability To Improve Self-Care Skills, Lora L. Jester-Rains
Occupational Therapy Doctorate Capstone Projects
Background: Results of a study by Casten et al., (2005) confirmed low rates of use of devices and services for low vision by the older adult. Older adults with low vision are receptive to using low vision resources but are often unaware of them (Lighthouse International, 2021). Casten et al. (2005) further suggested that the lack of services or use of devices may be due to a lack of awareness of health care professionals. Low vision assistive devices (LVAD), whether high or low tech, or mainstream, can help maximize a client’s vision so that they can perform everyday tasks …