Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Clinician Identified Barriers To Treatment For Individuals In Appalachia With Opioid Use Disorder Following Release From Prison: A Social Ecological Approach, Amanda M. Bunting, Carrie B. Oser, Michele Staton, Katherine S. Eddens, Hannah K. Knudsen

Sociology Faculty Publications

Background: The non-medical use of opioids has reached epidemic levels nationwide, and rural areas have been particularly affected by increasing rates of overdose mortality as well as increases in the prison population. Individuals with opioid use disorder (OUD) are at increased risk for relapse and overdose upon reentry to the community due to decreased tolerance during incarceration. It is crucial to identify barriers to substance use disorder treatment post-release from prison because treatment can be particularly difficult to access in resource-limited rural Appalachia.

Methods: A social ecological framework was utilized to examine barriers to community-based substance use treatment among individuals …

Uncertainty And Competing Priorities In Shared Clinical Decision-Making, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Dennis J. Baumgardner, MD

In this issue introduction, the editor-in-chief of Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews observes that a connecting thread among the articles published therein is an element of uncertainty among patients and clinicians. Competing priorities for the patient also may be present. Several approaches to overcoming these prevalent conflicts to delivery of better health care have been proposed, the most important of which may be clinicians embracing a will to practice shared decision-making.

Using Mhealth To Increase Treatment Utilization Among Recently Incarcerated Homeless Adults (Link2care): Protocol For A Randomized Controlled Trial, Jennifer M. Reingle Gonzalez, Michael S. Businelle, Darla Kendzor, Michele Staton, Carol S. North, Michael Swartz

Behavioral Science Faculty Publications

Background: There is a significant revolving door of incarceration among homeless adults. Homeless adults who receive professional coordination of individualized care (ie, case management) during the period following their release from jail experience fewer mental health and substance use problems, are more likely to obtain stable housing, and are less likely to be reincarcerated. This is because case managers work to meet the various needs of their clients by helping them to overcome barriers to needed services (eg, food, clothing, housing, job training, substance abuse and mental health treatment, medical care, medication, social support, proof of identification, and legal aid). …

Global Stability For A 2n + 1 Dimensional Hiv/Aids Epidemic Model With Treatments, Olusegun Michael Otunuga

Mathematics Faculty Research

In this work, we derive and analyze a 2n + 1-dimensional deterministic differential equation modeling the transmission and treatment of HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus) disease. The model is extended to a stochastic differential equation by introducing noise in the transmission rate of the disease. A theoretical treatment strategy of regular HIV testing and immediate treatment with Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) is investigated in the presence and absence of noise. By defining R0, n, Rt, n and Rt,n as the deterministic basic reproduction number in the absence of ART treatments, deterministic basic reproduction number in the presence of …

Uncertainty And Competing Priorities In Shared Clinical Decision-Making, Dennis J. Baumgardner

Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews

In this issue introduction, the editor-in-chief of Journal of Patient-Centered Research and Reviews observes that a connecting thread among the articles published therein is an element of uncertainty among patients and clinicians. Competing priorities for the patient also may be present. Several approaches to overcoming these prevalent conflicts to delivery of better health care have been proposed, the most important of which may be clinicians embracing a will to practice shared decision-making.

Inpatient Satisfaction At Different Public Sector Hospitals Of A Metropolitan City In Pakistan: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study, Mehwish Hussain, Rehana Rehman, Zia Ikramuddin, Nava Asad, Ayesha Farooq

Department of Biological & Biomedical Sciences

Objective: To observe inpatient satisfaction at different public sector hospitals of Karachi, Pakistan.
Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out during 2010-2012 in four major public sector hospitals of Karachi. A total of 710 patients completed the study. Responses were gathered in a self-structured questionnaire that comprised of four dimensions of satisfaction with doctor, staff, administration and treatment. Average Score of each dimension was taken and compared using one way analysis of variance.
Result: Satisfaction with doctors, staff and administration of provincial and federal hospitals were comparatively similar (P > 0.05). However, satisfaction with treatment significantly differed in all four …

Table Of A Second Chance, Jean P. Belizaire Mr.

National Youth Advocacy and Resilience Conference

This presentation will help to empower those who work with the drug addicted population to identify, increase, and incorporate better means of services.

Factors Associated With Month 2 Smear Non-Conversion Among Category 1 Tuberculosis Patients In Karachi, Pakistan, Kimberly A. D'Souza, Syed M A. Zaidi, Maria Jaswal, Shahid Butt, Saira Khowaja, Shifa Salman Habib, Amyn A. Malik

Community Health Sciences

Predictors of smear non-conversion at baseline can help identify cases at risk for failure of tuberculosis treatment. Retrospective data for smear-positive Category 1 patients in Karachi, Pakistan, was analyzed. Predictors of sputum conversion were determined using multiple logistic regression with sputum conversion as outcome variable and patient demographics, baseline weight, baseline sputum smear grade, case-finding approach as explanatory variables. Age ≥35 years, baseline sputum grade of 3+ were significantly associated with predicting sputum smear positivity at month 2 of treatment. Monitoring compliance to TB treatment should be considered amongst older patients and those with a high sputum grade at baseline.

Rwanda: Hiv/Aids, Alissa Anderson

Global Public Health

Rwanda is a small country in Africa. Rwanda has had many conflicts within its borders with wars, genocide, and disease. One of Rwanda’s current threats is HIV/AIDS. This disease is spreading through its population, and making it easier for other diseases; such as hepatitis and tuberculosis, to spread as well. Rwanda is a country that is putting into effect many efforts to decrease its HIV/AIDS population by means of education, campaigns, and treatments regarding the disease. In this article, I use peer reviewed and reliable articles to show the past and current issues that Rwanda has to face with the …

Influence Of Depression On Treatment And Survival: A Population-Based Study In Patients With Breast Cancer In Kentucky, Feitong Lei

Theses and Dissertations--Public Health (M.P.H. & Dr.P.H.)

This capstone project describes the results of a consultative experience in biostatistics.

Analysis Of Latent Tuberculosis Infection Treatment Adherence In An Inner-City Clinic, Yvonne Washington-Turay

Walden Dissertations and Doctoral Studies

More than 10 million people in the United States are known to have latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI), and more than 300,000 begin treatment for LTBI annually. However, many fail to adhere to therapy for numerous reasons. The purpose of this project was to evaluate the impact of a new guideline, Targeted Tuberculin Testing and the Treatment of Latent Tuberculosis, at inner-city tuberculosis (TB) control clinic in the United States. The practice-focused question for the project asked if the implementation of the clinical guideline using a shorter regimen improved LTBI treatment adherence. The health beliefs model was the framework used to …

Food Insecurity And Hypertension Prevalence, Awareness, Treatment And Control, Alexandra N. Luttrell

Theses and Dissertations

Objective: To examine the association between food insecurity and the prevalence of pre-hypertension and hypertension among U.S. adults. Additionally, this project will examine the association between food insecurity and the awareness, treatment and control (ATC) of hypertension.

Design: A cross-sectional study using data from the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES) 2011-2012 and 2013-2014 waves was deployed to examine the association between food insecurity and the prevalence and ATC of hypertension. Food security was measured by the cumulative number of affirmative responses to the 10-item U.S. Household Food Security Survey Module (HFSSM) questionnaire which were graded into four categories; …