Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Public Health Systems And Services Research: Bridging The Practice-Research Gap., F. Douglas Scutchfield, Cynthia D. Lamberth

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

Public health practitioners understand the principles of evidence-based practice

and the science that should drive their efforts to improve the community’s

health through the implementation of science-driven public health programs.

However, the translation of research to practice still has numerous barriers.

This commentary provides suggestions to strengthen the link between research

and practice.

Recent Trends In Exposure To Secondhand Smoke In The United States Population, Chieh-I Chen, Tanya Burton, Christine L. Baker, Vera Mastey, David Mannino

Preventive Medicine and Environmental Health Faculty Publications

BACKGROUND: Previous research using the National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) data documented a significant downward trend in secondhand smoke (SHS) exposure between 1988 and 2002. The objective of this study was to assess whether the downward trend in exposure continued from 2001 through 2006.

METHODS: We analyzed data from the 2001-2006 NHANES to estimate exposure of nonsmokers to SHS. Geometric means of serum cotinine levels for all nonsmokers were computed.

RESULTS: Overall serum cotinine levels (95% Confidence Intervals) in 2001-2002, 2003-2004, and 2005-2006 were 0.06 ng/mL (0.05-0.07), 0.07 ng/mL (0.06-0.09), and 0.05 ng/mL (0.05-0.06), respectively. Subgroup analysis by …

Comparison Of Ge Centricity Electronic Medical Record Database And National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey Findings On The Prevalence Of Major Conditions In The United States., Albert G. Crawford, Christine Cote, Joseph Couto, Mehmet Daskiran, Candace Gunnarsson, Kara Haas, Sara Haas, Somesh C Nigam, Rob Schuette, Joseph Yaskin

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

The study objective was to facilitate investigations by assessing the external validity and generalizability of the Centricity Electronic Medical Record (EMR) database and analytical results to the US population using the National Ambulatory Medical Care Survey (NAMCS) data and results as an appropriate validation resource. Demographic and diagnostic data from the NAMCS were compared to similar data from the Centricity EMR database, and the impact of the different methods of data collection was analyzed. Compared to NAMCS survey data on visits, Centricity EMR data shows higher proportions of visits by younger patients and by females. Other comparisons suggest more acute …

Prevalence Of Obesity, Type Ii Diabetes Mellitus, Hyperlipidemia, And Hypertension In The United States: Findings From The Ge Centricity Electronic Medical Record Database., Albert G Crawford, Christine Cote, Joseph Couto, Mehmet Daskiran, Candace Gunnarsson, Kara Haas, Sara Haas, Somesh C Nigam, Rob Schuette

College of Population Health Faculty Papers

This study analyzed GE Centricity Electronic Medical Record (EMR) data to examine the effects of body mass index (BMI) and obesity, key risk factor components of metabolic syndrome, on the prevalence of 3 chronic diseases: type II diabetes mellitus, hyperlipidemia, and hypertension. These chronic diseases occur with high prevalence and impose high disease burdens. The rationale for using Centricity EMR data is 2-fold. First, EMRs may be a good source of BMI/obesity data, which are often underreported in surveys and administrative databases. Second, EMRs provide an ideal means to track variables over time and, thus, allow longitudinal analyses of relationships …

Breast Cancer Care In Canada And The United States: Ecological Comparisons Of Extremely Impoverished And Affluent Urban Neighborhoods, Kevin M. Gorey

Social Work Publications

This study examined the differential effect of extreme impoverishment on breast cancer care in urban Canada and the United States. Ontario and California registry-based samples diagnosed between 1998 and 2000 were followed until 2006. Extremely poor and affluent neighborhoods were compared. Poverty was associated with non-localized disease, surgical and radiation therapy (RT) waits, non-receipt of breast conserving surgery, RT and hormonal therapy, and shorter survival in California, but not in Ontario. Extremely poor Ontario women were consistently advantaged on care indices over their California counterparts. More inclusive health insurance coverage in Canada seems the most plausible explanation for such Canadian …

Governing The Infections Bacteria Commons: Preventing Antibiotic Resistance, Christopher R. M. Pilch

Global Honors Theses

In recent decades, concerns have arisen over the misuse of antibiotics and the resultant increase in ever-more resilient strains of pathogenic bacteria. The author examines this issue through the lens of common pool resource theory, which frames a case study comparison between the United States and the Netherlands and their respective antibiotic distribution practices. The results of the case study offer insights into how the United States can better manage its antibiotic and public health policies.