Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

A Comparative Analysis Of Hiv/Aids In France And The United States: Historical Context And Preventative Actions, Rebecca A. Liebsack

Honors Theses

The HIV/AIDS pandemic is the result of transmission of a zoonotic disease known as simian immunodeficiency virus. The pandemic has had profound social and economic consequences and continues to be present today. France and the United States’ response to the discovery of HIV will be compared and the impact that HIV/AIDS had on their countries and future responses. They had rather similar responses, however, the United States had a slower initial response compared to France. Both had similar takeaways such as aiming at improving prevention and utilizing tactics developed during the start of the pandemic like frequent testing and vaccines.

Vaccine Hesitancy Among Youth Living With Hiv In Detroit, Madeline B. Simone

Medical Student Research Symposium

Vaccine hesitancy among youth with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) was evaluated to determine if the pandemic affected vaccine acceptance. A retrospective chart review was conducted to analyze vaccine rates over a five-year (pre-post COVID) in one university-based clinic. Results indicated a variation in acceptance rates between vaccines, with the MenACWY, MenB, tetanus, and HPV having the highest acceptance rates and COVID-19 and annual flu vaccine having the lowest acceptance rates. Vaccine hesitancy did not correlate with HIV treatment hesitancy nor with aversion to needles. Negative messaging around vaccines from a variety of sources appeared to be the primary factor in …

The Accuracy Of Anal Self- And Companion Exams Among Sexual Minority Men And Transgender Women: A Prospective Analysis, Alan G Nyitray, Timothy L Mcauliffe, Cameron Liebert, Michael D Swartz, Ashish A Deshmukh, Elizabeth Y Chiao, Lou Weaver, Ellen Almirol, Jared Kerman, John A Schneider, J Michael Wilkerson, Lu-Yu Hwang, Derek Smith, Aniruddha Hazra

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Squamous cell carcinoma of the anus (SCCA) annual incidence among sexual minority men with and without HIV is 85/100,000 and 19/100,000 persons, respectively, which is significantly higher than the overall incidence (2/100,000). Incidence may also be higher in transgender women. Since SCCA tumours average ≥30 mm at diagnosis, we assessed the accuracy of individuals to self-detect smaller anal abnormalities.

METHODS: Using convenience sampling, the study enrolled sexual minority men and transgender women, aged 25-81 years, in Chicago, Illinois and Houston, Texas, USA, during 2020-2022. Individuals were taught the anal self-examination and anal companion examination (ASE/ACE). Then, a clinician performed …

Knowledge And Attitudes On Contraception And Reproductive Health In Women With Hiv, Anna Henricks, Samantha Singal, Dana Hughes, Sean Kelly, Jessica L Castilho, Jamison Norwood

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: For reasons not fully explained to date, contraception usage among women with HIV remains low. The aim of our study was to understand attitudes toward and lifetime use of contraception among women with HIV.

METHODS: We administered an anonymous, community-informed, voluntary survey to cisgender, English-speaking women with HIV (≥18 years of age) at a Southern urban HIV clinic. It included multiple choice and Likert-scale questions on reproductive health. Participants reported contraception use, recollection of provider conversations about contraception, and perceived empowerment and knowledge regarding reproductive health. We used chi-square and Fisher exact tests to compare attitudes and prior conversations …

A Conceptual Analysis Of Sbirt Implementation Alongside The Continuum Of Prep Awareness: Domains Of Fit And Feasibility., Lesley M. Harris, Kerr C. Jelani, Blake D. Skidmore, Smita Ghare, Andrea Reyes-Vega, Vania Remenik-Zarauz, Harideep Samanapally, Rana U. Anwar, Rishikesh Rijal, Kendall Bryant, Martin T. Hall, Shirish Barve

Faculty Scholarship

Screening, Brief Intervention, and Referral to Treatment (SBIRT) is a supplementary intervention that can be incorporated into the Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis (PrEP) Care Continuum, complementing initiatives and endeavors focused on Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) prevention in clinical care and community-based work. Referencing the Transtheoretical Model of Change and the PrEP Awareness Continuum, this conceptual analysis highlights how SBIRT amplifies ongoing HIV prevention initiatives and presents a distinct chance to address identified gaps. SBIRT's mechanisms show promise of fit and feasibility through (a) implementing universal Screening (S), (b) administering a Brief Intervention (BI) grounded in motivational interviewing aimed at assisting individuals in …

Exploring The Willingness Toward Hiv Immediate Test And Treat Among Msm In Nairobi And Its Environs: A Cross-Sectional Study., Kingori Ndungu, Peter Gichanga, Marleen Temmerman

Centre of Excellence in Women and Child Health

Background: In the test and treat initiative, high-risk populations are screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection and start early treatment if diagnosed positive. This study explores factors associated with willingness to initiate testing and immediate treatment among men who have sex with men (MSM) in Nairobi and its environs. The study was informed by a conceptual framework combining the AIDS Risk Reduction Model (ARRM) and the Modified Social Ecological Model.

Methods: This cross-sectional exploratory study targeted MSM (aged 18–60 years) reporting active engagement in anal or oral sex with men in Nairobi and its surrounding areas. Purposive sampling was …

Assessment Of Deficits In Specific Cognitive Domains In Older Adults Living With Hiv., Andrea Reyes-Vega, Harideep Samanapally, Rishikesh Rijal, Stephen P. Furmanek, Christopher B. Shields, Brandon C. Dennis, Smita Ghare, Shirish Barve

Faculty Scholarship

A significant proportion of people living with HIV (PLWH) have cognitive impairment. Moreover, approximately 70% of PLWH in the United States will be ≥50 years old by 2030, raising concerns of a higher incidence of dementia as they age. Accordingly, there is a clinical need to monitor their cognitive status. The aim of this study was to delineate specific cognition areas impacted in OALWH with a clinical diagnosis of neurocognitive impairment. We used a comprehensive set of tests (paper and NIH Toolbox Cognition Battery), to assess different cognitive domains in a total of 25 OALWH ≥ 50 years. 64% were …

Impact Of Post-Incarceration Care Engagement Interventions On Hiv Transmission Among Young Black Men Who Have Sex With Men And Their Sexual Partners: An Agent-Based Network Modeling Study, Anna L Hotton, Francis Lee, Daniel Sheeler, Jonathan Ozik, Nicholson Collier, Mert Edali, Babak Mahdavi Ardestani, Russell Brewer, Katrina M Schrode, Kayo Fujimoto, Nina T Harawa, John A Schneider, Aditya S Khanna

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Understanding the impact of incarceration on HIV transmission among Black men who have sex with men is important given their disproportionate representation among people experiencing incarceration and the potential impact of incarceration on social and sexual networks, employment, housing, and medical care. We developed an agent-based network model (ABNM) of 10,000 agents representing young Black men who have sex with men in the city of Chicago to examine the impact of varying degrees of post-incarceration care disruption and care engagement interventions following release from jail on HIV incidence.

METHODS: Exponential random graph models were used to model network formation …

Chronic Illness Education 2023: Empowerment Through Connection: Peer-To-Peer Support For At Risk And Hiv Positive Youth, Christian Freitag, Daniel Gealer, Ryan Katz, Abigail Limary, Anne Patterson, Katelyn Toloff, Zachary Vaishampayan

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2023: Five Easy Ways To Stick To Your Perinatal Hiv Treatment Plan, Simran Brar, Gabrielle Cowen, Anastasia Goldbaum, Austin Kim, Cole Sabinash, Kassim Salami, Zachary Vaishampayan

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2023: A Comprehensive Survey To Follow-Up With Young Individuals Recently Diagnosed With Hiv, Brock Bradley, Pranally Desai, Nathan Li, Eve Sherbin, Jeremy Taigman, Zachary Vaishampayan

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2023: Hiv Treatment Accessibility & Access To Clinics (Ages 18+) In Detroit, Brennan Burrows, Gabriella Cascio, Tiffany Chu, Samantha Odeesho, Sumeet Saini, Nickolas Vinokurov, Zachary Vaishampayan

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2023: Increasing Mental Health Resource Availability For Hiv Positive Youth, Abrielle Fretz, Peter Nolan, Daphne Pate, Cassandra Pecarski, Trisha Ray, Anusha Vavilikolanu, Zachary Vaishampayan

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2023: Increasing Prevention And Knowledge Of Hiv Among At-Risk Youth In The Metro Detroit Area, Carly Abrahams, Nicholas Apostolakis, Angelica Cabatu, Era Cobani, Curtis Mack, Michal Ruprecht, Zachary Vaishampayan

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Who Is At Risk For New Hepatitis B Infections Among People With Hiv?, John M Sladic, Barbara S Taylor, Mae Thamer, Karen J Vigil, Onkar Kshirsagar, Anna Taranova, Andrew Mccracken, Carmen G Sanchez, Mamta K Jain

Journal Articles

Hepatitis B virus (HBV) increases morbidity and mortality among people with HIV (PWH). We retrospectively analyzed HBV incidence among 5785 PWH. Fourteen had newly positive hepatitis B s antigen (mean 5.2 person-years of follow-up, 46.4/100 000 infections/year). These data show gaps in HBV vaccination and in the preventative efficacy of HBV-specific antiretroviral therapy.

Strategies For Improving Mental Health And Wellbeing Used By Adults Ageing With Hiv From The Kenyan Coast: A Qualitative Exploration, Peter Mwangala, Ryan G. Wagner, Charles R. Newton, Amina Abubakar

Institute for Human Development

Background: Physical and mental health problems are common among older adults living with HIV (OALWH). Adaptive coping strategies play a vital role in improving these adults' mental health and well-being despite the deleterious effects of HIV and ageing. However, in sub-Saharan Africa, limited evidence exists on the commonly utilized coping strategies in this population. We explore the coping strategies used by Kenyan OALWH to improve their mental health and wellbeing.

Methods: Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted between October and December 2019 with 56 participants: 34 OALWH (53% female), 11 healthcare providers (63% female) and 11 primary caregivers (73% female) in …

Navigating Life With Hiv As An Older Adult On The Kenyan Coast: Perceived Health Challenges Seen Through The Biopsychosocial Model, Patrick Mwangala, Ryan G. Wagner, Charles Newton, Amina Abubakar

Institute for Human Development

Objectives: This study explores the perceptions of adults living with HIV aged ≥50 years (recognized as older adults living with HIV—OALWH), primary caregivers and healthcare providers on the health challenges of ageing with HIV at Kilifi, a low literacy setting on the coast of Kenya.

Methods: We utilized the biopsychosocial model to explore views from 34 OALWH and 22 stakeholders on the physical, mental, and psychosocial health challenges of ageing with HIV in Kilifi in 2019. Data were drawn from semi-structured in-depth interviews, which were audio-recorded and transcribed. A framework approach was used to synthesize the data.

Results: Symptoms of …

Are Human Papillomavirus Knowledge And Vaccine Uptake Associated With Hiv Status And Social Determinants Of Health In Young Sexual Minority Men?, Trisha L Amboree, Alan G Nyitray, John Schneider, Nick Gargurevich, Jacky Kuo, Elizabeth Y Chiao, Lu-Yu Hwang, Kayo Fujimoto

Journal Articles

This brief report examines the relationship, if any, between human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) status, and individual-level and socio-sexual partner-level factors of social determinants of health (SDOH) that are associated with human papillomavirus (HPV) knowledge and vaccine uptake in young sexual minority men (YSMM). We used data from 126 YSMM recruited by network-based sampling during 2015-2016 in Houston, Texas. Descriptive statistics and regression analyses were conducted to test the association between HIV status, SDOH, and HPV knowledge and vaccine uptake. Those living with HIV had lower odds of knowledge of HPV-associated anal cancer (OR: 0.43, 95% CI: 0.18-0.97) and knowledge of …

Area Deprivation Index And Segregation On The Risk Of Hiv: A Us Veteran Case-Control Study, Abiodun O Oluyomi, Angela L Mazul, Yongquan Dong, Donna L White, Christine M Hartman, Peter Richardson, Wenyaw Chan, Jose M Garcia, Jennifer R Kramer, Elizabeth Chiao

Journal Articles

BACKGROUND: Preventing HIV infection remains a critically important tool in the continuing fight against HIV/AIDS. The primary aim is to evaluate the effect and interactions between a composite area-level social determinants of health measure and an area-level measure of residential segregation on the risk of HIV/AIDS in U.S. Veterans.

METHODS: Using the individual-level patient data from the U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs, we constructed a case-control study of veterans living with HIV/AIDS (VLWH) and age-, sex assigned at birth- and index date-matched controls. We geocoded patient's residential address to ascertain their neighborhood and linked their information to two measures of …

A Systematic Review To Study The Global Patterns And Policies Of Hiv Harm Reduction Programs And Their Impact Among People Who Inject Drugs, Noura Shaltout, Rania Soliman, Lamia Refaey, Rim Ghazal, Mirna Atteya, Nahla Elmedany

Papers, Posters, and Presentations

Aim: This study aims to provide an updated estimate of HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID) globally, as well as investigate different policies and methods for applying harm reduction. This article focuses on the two major and the most frequently used harm reduction techniques, Syringe-Service Programs (SSPs) and Opioid Agonist Therapy (OAT). Methods: A comprehensive systematic review was undertaken across multiple international databases during the period of (August-December 2021). For studies conducted before 2005, we used data from a previous published systematic review. Thirty-six studies were included, including studies that had performed HIV testing and had a confirmed …

Freedom As Prevention: Mechanisms Of Autonomy Support For Promoting Hiv Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis Use And Condom Use Among Black Msm In 3 Us Cities-Hptn 073, Laron E Nelson, Donte T Boyd, Geetha Beauchamp, Lynda Emel, Leo Wilton, Darren Whitfield, S Raquel Ramos, Wale Ajiboye, Mandy J Hill, Donaldson F Conserve, Portia Thomas, Lisa Hightow-Weidman, Steve Shoptaw, Manya Magnus, Kenneth H Mayer, Estelle Piwowar-Manning, Sheldon D Fields, Darrell P Wheeler, Hptn 073 Study Team

Journal Articles

Healthcare providers who use controlling or coercive strategies may compel short-term enactment of HIV and sexually transmitted infection prevention behaviors but may inadvertently undermine their client's motivation to maintain those behaviors in the absence of external pressure. Autonomous motivation refers to the self-emanating and self-determined drive for engaging in health behaviors. It is associated with long-term maintenance of health behaviors. We used structural equation modeling to investigate whether autonomy support was associated with increased odds of therapeutic serum levels of pre-exposure prophylaxis, through a pathway that satisfies basic psychological needs for autonomous self-regulation and competence regarding pre-exposure prophylaxis use. We …

Measuring Phases Of Employment Decision-Making And The Need For Vocational Services As A Social Determinant Of The Health Of Employed People Living With Hiv, Kb Boomer, Liza M. Conyers, Yili Wang, Yung-Chen Jen Chiu

Publications and Research

(1) Background: Secure employment has been recognized as a social determinant of health for people living with HIV (PLHIV), but limited research has been conducted to understand the employment needs and vocational decision-making process of those who are employed. The purpose of this study is to examine the applicability of the client-focused considering-work model to assess the employment outcomes and employment decision-making phases of a sample of employed PLHIV. (2) Methods: This study analyzed data of 244 employed PLHIV who completed National Working Positive Coalition’s Employment Needs Survey which included a 20-item Considering Work Scale- Employed version (CWS-Employed) and a …

Prevalence Of Hiv And Associated Risk Factors Among Street-Connected Children In Mwanza City, Said Nyumayo, Eveline Konje, Benson Kidenya, Anthony Kapesa, Marko Hingi, Nyagwegwe Wango, Joshua Ngimbwa, Violeth Alphonce, Namanya Basinda

Institute for Educational Development, East Africa

While on the street, HIV infection among street-connected children is a challenging issue due to the nature of transmission, distribution, and prevention. Lack of proper care and protection, insufficient knowledge of the danger of acquiring HIV, and insufficient or absence of health facilities serving street-connected children have left this vulnerable group engaging in high-risk behaviors exposing them to acquiring HIV. This cross-sectional study aimed at estimating the prevalence of HIV infection and its associated risk factors among street-connected children aged between 10 to17 years in Mwanza City. The study was granted ethical clearance all permissions and restrictions to work with …

Hiv Viral Load Suppression Before And After Covid-19 In Kinshasa And Haut Katanga, Democratic Republic Of The Congo, Gulzar H. Shah, Gina D. Etheredge, Stacy Smallwood, Lievain Maluantesa, Kristie C. Waterfield, Osaremhen Ikhile, John Ditekemena, Elodie Engetele, Elizabeth Ayangunna, Astrid Mulenga, Bernard Bossiky

Department of Health Policy and Community Health Faculty Publications

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in unique programmatic opportunities to test hypotheses related to the initiation of antiretroviral treatment (ART) and viral load (VL) suppression during a global health crisis, which would not otherwise have been possible.

Objectives: To generate practice-relevant evidence on the impact of initiating ART pre-COVID-19 versus during the COVID-19 pandemic on HIV VL.

Method: Logistic regression was performed on data covering 6596 persons with HIV whose VL data were available, out of 36 585 persons who were initiated on ART between 01 April 2019 and 30 March 2021.

Results: After controlling for covariates …

Socioeconomic Status And Other Factors Associated With Hiv Status Among Ovc In Democratic Republic Of Congo (Drc), Gulzar H. Shah, Gina D. Etheredge, Lievain Maluantesa, Kristie Cason Waterfield, Osaremhen Ikhile, Elodie Engetele, Astrid Mulenga, Alice Tabala, Bernard Bossiky

Department of Health Policy and Community Health Faculty Publications

Background: Orphans and vulnerable children (OVC) are a high-risk group for HIV infection, particularly in Sub-Saharan Africa.

Purpose: This study aims to portray the socioeconomic profile of OVC and examine the association of household and parent/guardian characteristics with the HIV status of OVC.

Methods: For this quantitative retrospective study, we obtained data from ICAP/DRC for a total of 1,624 OVC from households enrolled for social, financial, and clinical services between January 2017 and April 2020 in two provinces of the Democratic Republic of Congo, Haut-Katanga and Kinshasa. We computed descriptive statistics for OVC and their parents' or guardians' characteristics. We …

Examining The Association Between A Modified Quan Charlson Comorbidity Index (Qcci) And Viral Suppression: A Cross Sectional Analysis Of Dc Cohort Participants, Hasmin C. Ramirez, Lauren O’Connor, Morgan Byrne, Anne Monroe

Epidemiology Faculty Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Quality Of Life In Older And Younger People With Hiv And Diabetes, Lauren F. O’Connor, La’Marcus Wingate, Sam Simmens, Amanda D. Castel, Anne K. Monroe

Epidemiology Faculty Posters and Presentations

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2022: Raising Awareness About Perinatal Hiv Transmission Risks And Preventions, Muhammad Ahmed, Emma Streveler, John Lloyd, Joseph Cavataio, Mackenzie Howard, Riya Shah, Rooshan Arshad

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2022: Reducing The Stigma Of Hiv In Southeast Michigan, Ruchi Mangal, Alex Rodriguez, David Greiver, Johan Harris, Kathy Lu, Minisha Kanakarajan

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.

Chronic Illness Education 2022: Removing Barriers To Hiv Screening For At-Risk Young Adults In Metro Detroit, Lauren Smith, Aila Rahman, Amanda Stevens, Kenan Sinan, Ryan Nazareno, Tara Hekmati

Patient Education Projects

No abstract provided.