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Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Effectiveness Of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Against Culture-Confirmed Salmonella Enterica Serotype Typhi In An Extensively Drug-Resistant Outbreak Setting Of Hyderabad, Pakistan: A Cohort Study, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Sultan Karim, Sonia Qureshi, Abdul Momin Kazi, Hina Memon, Amber Junejo, Zohra Khawaja, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Sajid Ansari, Rafey Ali, Heera Mani Lohana, Farah Naz Qamar
Effectiveness Of Typhoid Conjugate Vaccine Against Culture-Confirmed Salmonella Enterica Serotype Typhi In An Extensively Drug-Resistant Outbreak Setting Of Hyderabad, Pakistan: A Cohort Study, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Sultan Karim, Sonia Qureshi, Abdul Momin Kazi, Hina Memon, Amber Junejo, Zohra Khawaja, Najeeb Ur Rehman, Muhammad Sajid Ansari, Rafey Ali, Heera Mani Lohana, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Salmonella enterica serotype Typhi (S Typhi) is a major public health problem in low-income and middle-income countries. We aimed to investigate the effectiveness and impact of the typhoid conjugate vaccine Typbar-TCV against S Typhi among children in an outbreak setting of extensively drug-resistant (XDR) S Typhi in Pakistan.
Methods: This cohort study was done from Feb 21, 2018, to Dec 31, 2019. A census survey of all households located in the Qasimabad and Latifabad subdistricts of Hyderabad, Pakistan, was done at baseline, and 174 005 households were registered in the census. The Typbar-TCV immunisation campaign was initiated at temporary …
Typhoid And Paratyphoid Cost Of Illness In Pakistan: Patient And Health Facility Costs From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project Ii, Nelly Mejia, Farah Naz Qamar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Jamal Raza, Denise O. Garrett, Kashmira Date, Taiwo Abimbola, Sarah W. Pallas
Typhoid And Paratyphoid Cost Of Illness In Pakistan: Patient And Health Facility Costs From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project Ii, Nelly Mejia, Farah Naz Qamar, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Jamal Raza, Denise O. Garrett, Kashmira Date, Taiwo Abimbola, Sarah W. Pallas
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: The objective of this study was to estimate the cost of illness from enteric fever (typhoid and paratyphoid) at selected sites in Pakistan.
Methods: We implemented a cost-of-illness study in 4 hospitals as part of the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) II in Pakistan. From the patient and caregiver perspective, we collected direct medical, nonmedical, and indirect costs per case of enteric fever incurred since illness onset by phone after enrollment and 6 weeks later. From the health care provider perspective, we collected data on quantities and prices of resources used at 3 of the hospitals, …
Illness Severity And Outcomes Among Enteric Fever Cases From Bangladesh, Nepal, And Pakistan: Data From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project, 2016-2019, Ashley T. Longley, Caitlin Hemlock, Kashmira Date, Stephen P. Luby, Jason R. Andrews, Samir K. Saha, Isaac I. Bogoch, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Denise O. Garrett, Farah Naz Qamar
Illness Severity And Outcomes Among Enteric Fever Cases From Bangladesh, Nepal, And Pakistan: Data From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project, 2016-2019, Ashley T. Longley, Caitlin Hemlock, Kashmira Date, Stephen P. Luby, Jason R. Andrews, Samir K. Saha, Isaac I. Bogoch, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Denise O. Garrett, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Enteric fever can lead to prolonged hospital stays, clinical complications, and death. The Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), a prospective surveillance study, characterized the burden of enteric fever, including illness severity, in selected settings in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan. We assessed disease severity, including hospitalization, clinical complications, and death among SEAP participants.
Methods: We analyzed clinical and laboratory data from blood culture-confirmed enteric fever cases enrolled in SEAP hospitals and associated network laboratories from September 2016 to September 2019. We used hospitalization and duration of hospital stay as proxies for severity. We conducted a follow-up interview …
Diagnostic Value Of Clinical Features To Distinguish Enteric Fever From Other Febrile Illnesses In Bangladesh, Nepal, And Pakistan, Kristen Aiemjoy, Dipesh Tamrakar, Shampa Saha, Shiva R. Naga, Alexander T. Yu, Ashley Longley, Kashmira Date, Caitlin Hemlock, Farah Naz Qamar, Samir K. Saha
Diagnostic Value Of Clinical Features To Distinguish Enteric Fever From Other Febrile Illnesses In Bangladesh, Nepal, And Pakistan, Kristen Aiemjoy, Dipesh Tamrakar, Shampa Saha, Shiva R. Naga, Alexander T. Yu, Ashley Longley, Kashmira Date, Caitlin Hemlock, Farah Naz Qamar, Samir K. Saha
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Enteric fever, a bacterial infection caused by Salmonella enterica serotypes Typhi and Paratyphi A, frequently presents as a nonlocalizing febrile illness that is difficult to distinguish from other infectious causes of fever. Blood culture is not widely available in endemic settings and, even when available, results can take up to 5 days. We evaluated the diagnostic performance of clinical features, including both reported symptoms and clinical signs, of enteric fever among patients participating in the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP), a 3-year surveillance study in Bangladesh, Nepal, and Pakistan.
Methods: Outpatients presenting with ≥3 consecutive days …
Healthcare Utilization Patterns For Acute Febrile Illness In Bangladesh, Nepal, And Pakistan: Results From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project, Jason R. Andrews, Krista Vaidya, Shampa Saha, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Caitlin Hemlock, Ashley Longley, Kristen Aiemjoy, Alexander T. Yu, Isaac I. Bogoch, Farah Naz Qamar
Healthcare Utilization Patterns For Acute Febrile Illness In Bangladesh, Nepal, And Pakistan: Results From The Surveillance For Enteric Fever In Asia Project, Jason R. Andrews, Krista Vaidya, Shampa Saha, Mohammad Tahir Yousafzai, Caitlin Hemlock, Ashley Longley, Kristen Aiemjoy, Alexander T. Yu, Isaac I. Bogoch, Farah Naz Qamar
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Background: Characterizing healthcare-seeking patterns for acute febrile illness is critical for generating population-based enteric fever incidence estimates from facility-based surveillance data.
Methods: We used a hybrid model in the Surveillance for Enteric Fever in Asia Project (SEAP) to assess incidence of enteric fever at 6 study hospitals in 3 countries. We recruited individuals presenting to the hospitals and obtained blood cultures to evaluate for enteric fever. For this analysis, we undertook cluster random household surveys in Dhaka, Bangladesh (2 sites); Karachi, Pakistan; Kathmandu, Nepal; and Kavrepalanchok, Nepal between January 2017 and February 2019, to ascertain care-seeking behavior for individuals with …
Environmental Surveillance As A Tool For Identifying High-Risk Settings For Typhoid Transmission, Jason R. Andrews, Alexander T. Yu, Senjuti Saha, Jivan Shakya, Kristen Aiemjoy, Lily Horng, Farah Qamar, Denise Garret, Stephen Baker, Samir Saha, Stephen P. Luby
Environmental Surveillance As A Tool For Identifying High-Risk Settings For Typhoid Transmission, Jason R. Andrews, Alexander T. Yu, Senjuti Saha, Jivan Shakya, Kristen Aiemjoy, Lily Horng, Farah Qamar, Denise Garret, Stephen Baker, Samir Saha, Stephen P. Luby
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Enteric fever remains a major cause of morbidity in developing countries with poor sanitation conditions that enable fecal contamination of water distribution systems. Historical evidence has shown that contamination of water systems used for household consumption or agriculture are key transmission routes for Salmonella Typhi and Salmonella Paratyphi A. The World Health Organization now recommends that typhoid conjugate vaccines (TCV) be used in settings with high typhoid incidence; consequently, governments face a challenge regarding how to prioritize typhoid against other emerging diseases. A key issue is the lack of typhoid burden data in many low- and middle-income countries where TCV …
Reducing Typhoid Burden Within A Generation, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Tikki Pangestu
Reducing Typhoid Burden Within A Generation, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta, Anita K. M. Zaidi, Tikki Pangestu
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
No abstract provided.
Global Trends In Typhoidal Salmonellosis: A Systematic Review, Daina Als, Amruta Radhakrishnan, Paul Arora, Michelle F. Gaffey, Susan Campisi, Russanthy Velummailum, Farhana Zareef, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Global Trends In Typhoidal Salmonellosis: A Systematic Review, Daina Als, Amruta Radhakrishnan, Paul Arora, Michelle F. Gaffey, Susan Campisi, Russanthy Velummailum, Farhana Zareef, Zulfiqar Ahmed Bhutta
Department of Paediatrics and Child Health
Typhoid and paratyphoid fever continue to significantly contribute to global morbidity and mortality. Disease burden is higher in low-and middle-income settings where surveillance programs are rare and little systematic information exists at population level. This review evaluates national, regional, and global trends in the incidence of typhoid fever and of related morbidity and mortality. A literature search in Medline, Embase, and Web of Science was conducted in June 2016, followed by screening and data extraction in duplicate. Studies reporting blood culture estimates of typhoid or paratyphoid morbidity and mortality were included in the analysis. Five thousand five hundred sixty-three unique …