Open Access. Powered by Scholars. Published by Universities.®
Articles 1 - 10 of 10
Full-Text Articles in Medicine and Health Sciences
Nobody Likes Flies, Zachary Mattson
Nobody Likes Flies, Zachary Mattson
Theses and Graduate Projects
Leishmaniasis is a protozoan disease that is common in tropical areas of the globe. Around the world this disease is transmitted from different hosts by various sand-fly species. The most prevalent countries for any type of leishmaniasis are Brazil, India, and Ethiopia. There are three presentations of the disease seen around the world: visceral, mucosal, and cutaneous. Overall cutaneous leishmaniasis is a disease that can be disfiguring and disrupting to individuals across the world. Though it may be difficult to access information for those in rural communities in Central America it is important for providers to provide information in an …
Barriers To Contraceptive Use In Nicaragua, Ellen Motley
Barriers To Contraceptive Use In Nicaragua, Ellen Motley
Theses and Graduate Projects
Many barriers to contraceptive use exist in sexually active Nicaraguan women, leading to increasingly high rates of unintended pregnancies among these women. Higher rates of depression, domestic abuse, and unemployment are also seen in this group of women. These women face more complications during pregnancy and receive higher rates of unsafe abortions, impacting the mom and the infant, as well as the community in which they live. Some of the barriers to contraceptive use include lack of access to healthcare, lack of knowledge about contraceptive methods, negative attitudes about contraceptives, providers’ fear of criticism, previous dissatisfaction or contraceptive failure, family …
Smallpox Bioterrorism Preparedness: The Importance Of Technology And Education For Early Detection And Response, D Taylor Jorgenson-Rathke
Smallpox Bioterrorism Preparedness: The Importance Of Technology And Education For Early Detection And Response, D Taylor Jorgenson-Rathke
Theses and Graduate Projects
The use of biological agents as weapons has been prevalent throughout history. Only when the US experienced a bioterrorist attack in 2001 did additional funding begin to invest in preparing for other potential attacks. These initial investments, along with others, have funded preventative measures such as mass surveillance through biosensor technology and the development of preparedness programs such as the Laboratory Response Network and Hospital Preparedness Program. Based on learnings from previous outbreak events, in the event of a bioterrorist attack involving smallpox early detection will be the key to initiating a rapid and effective response. Additionally, further measures need …
Local Attitudes And Prevention Around The Nicaraguan Sugarcane Worker With Chronic Renal Disease, Matt Cyr
Local Attitudes And Prevention Around The Nicaraguan Sugarcane Worker With Chronic Renal Disease, Matt Cyr
Theses and Graduate Projects
An epidemic of chronic kidney disease (CKD) in Central America and Nicaragua is referred to as Mesoamerican nephropathy (MeN). It’s estimated that the death toll for MeN over the past two decades has reached at least 20,000. Nicaragua is included in the 10 highest overall mortality rate from kidney disease in the world. MeN disproportionately affects young, male agricultural workers who do not exhibit traditional risk factors for CKD such as hypertension and diabetes. A consistent risk factor for MeN is heavy manual labor in the heat, often temperatures over 35 °C with high humidity. Many reasons have been proposed …
Global Health And Societal Impacts Of Schistosomiasis, William Ryan
Global Health And Societal Impacts Of Schistosomiasis, William Ryan
Theses and Graduate Projects
Schistosomiasis, a parasitic infection, is classified as a Neglected Tropical Disease (NTD). While there are many NTDs that impact poor people across the world, schistosomiasis is one of the most prevalent. Currently 200 million people worldwide are infected with schistosomiasis and 800 million more are at risk for infection. Like other NTDs, this infection is preventable and treatable. Mass drug administration of the anti-parasitic drug praziquantel (the only drug available to treat schistosomiasis) is currently the main method of control. Although, China has recently demonstrated success by employing strategies that involve controlling the infection in the livestock population. Epidemiological surveys …
Increased Antibiotic Resistance Of Escherichia Coli In Nicaragua: Potential Causes And Future Implications, Ryan S. Paukert
Increased Antibiotic Resistance Of Escherichia Coli In Nicaragua: Potential Causes And Future Implications, Ryan S. Paukert
Theses and Graduate Projects
Since 1987, no new structural class of antibiotic has been introduced into human medicine. Aside from the absence of a new structural class of antibiotics, there has been a startlingly low number of new antibiotics approved since 1987. With the lack of new antibiotics, finding current antibiotics that are effective is becoming an alarming challenge due to the worldwide emergence of antibiotic resistance. Antibiotic-resistant bacteria presents a major threat to public health because they reduce the effectiveness of antibiotic treatment leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditure. Without treatment for common infections, like uropathogenic Escherichia coli (UPEC), resistant infections …
The Impact Of Sexual Education On Decreasing Adolescent Pregnancy In Nicaragua, Allison Greenwood
The Impact Of Sexual Education On Decreasing Adolescent Pregnancy In Nicaragua, Allison Greenwood
Theses and Graduate Projects
Half of the females of Nicaragua will have given birth by their 20th birthday.1 Nicaragua has one of the highest fertility rates in the world and exceeds the fertility rate average in Latin America with 109 (births per 1000 females aged 15-19) compared to the average of 79 births.1,2 Young maternal age is linked to higher incidences of pregnancy complications such as preterm birth, low birth weight, and neonatal mortality.2 Nicaragua’s high adolescent pregnancy rate is a result of a multifactorial social and political climate. The initiation of a teen's sexual debut is complex and hinges on multiple factors from …
Climate Change: Human Health, The Developing World And The Global Response, Cole James Kriett
Climate Change: Human Health, The Developing World And The Global Response, Cole James Kriett
Theses and Graduate Projects
Changes to the Earth’s biophysical system will extend and exacerbate the rates of vector-borne infectious disease, non-communicable diseases such as cardiovascular disease and lung disease, and mental health disorders. Developing nations face the greatest burden of climate sensitive human health impacts while also having the lowest capacity to adapt to these changes. Addressing these global ethical challenges cannot be accomplished without supporting organizations like UNEP or the IPCC. However, these organizations cannot achieve global sustainability alone. Human beings collectively taking responsibility for climate change will be vital to this process.
Hpv Screening In Nicaragua, Claire Maccani
Hpv Screening In Nicaragua, Claire Maccani
Theses and Graduate Projects
Cervical cancer is the leading cause of mortality due to a malignant neoplasm for young women in Latin America and the leading cause of cancer among women of any age in Nicaragua. Additionally, cervical cancer is the third most common cause of cancer death in females worldwide. This paper will focus on just the screening aspect of prevention. There are also vaccines now available for preventing certain oncologic strains of HPV which ultimately leads to prevention of cervical cancer. There is not yet an organized program offering HPV vaccination in Nicaragua due to the high cost of the vaccine. The …
In Developing Countries, Does The Implementation Of Basic Cardio-Pulmonary Resuscitation Education In The Community Improve Patient Outcomes?, Ashley Gross
Theses and Graduate Projects
Circulatory shock and cardiovascular diseases contribute to significant mortality globally, with an increased burden in developing countries. The compilation of these studies and anecdotal support gathered while in Nicaragua supports the impact education on high-quality CPR among the community can have on out-of- hospital cardiac arrest patient outcomes. Even though some studies showed guideline-compliant CPR does not improve all patient outcomes, we cannot estimate the time it will take a patient to achieve ROSC. Therefore, educating the public and refining the skills of health care professionals can have a significant positive impact on out-of-hospital cardiac arrest patient outcomes if there …