Medicine and Health Sciences Commons^™

Developing Constructs For Psychopathology Research: Research Domain Criteria, Charles A. Sanislow, Daniel S. Pine, Kevin J. Quinn, Michael J. Kozak, Marjorie A. Garvey, Robert K. Heinssen, Philip Sung-En Wang, Bruce N. Cuthbert

Charles A. Sanislow, Ph.D.

There exists a divide between findings from integrative neuroscience and clinical research focused on mechanisms of psychopathology. Specifically, a clear correspondence does not emerge between clusters of complex clinical symptoms and dysregulated neurobiological systems, with many apparent redundancies. For instance, many mental disorders involve multiple disruptions in putative mechanistic factors (e.g., excessive fear, deficient impulse control), and different disrupted mechanisms appear to play major roles in many disorders. The Research Domain Criteria (RDoC) framework is a heuristic to facilitate the incorporation of behavioral neuroscience in the study of psychopathology. Such integration might be achieved by shifting the central research focus …

Overview Of The Essential Tremor, Theresa A. Zesiewicz, Abinaya Chari, Israt Jahan, Amber M. Miller, Kelly L. Sullivan

Kelly L. Sullivan

Essential tremor (ET) is one of the most common movement disorders in the world. Despite this, only one medication (propranolol) is approved by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) to treat it. Fortunately, recent studies have identified some additional medications as treatment of ET. Surgical procedures, such as deep brain stimulation of the ventral intermediate nucleus of the thalamus, offer treatment for refractory tremor. The epidemiology, pathogenesis, and medical and surgical treatment of ET will be discussed in this paper.

Development Of The Lung Function Questionnaire (Lfq) To Identify Airflow Obstruction, Barbara P. Yawn, Douglas W. Mapel, David M. Mannino, Fernando J. Martinez, James F. Donohue, Nicola A. Hanania, Mark Kosinski, Regina Rendas-Baum, Matthew Mintz, Steven Samuels, Anand A. Dalal

David M. Mannino

Objective:

To describe the item-selection and item-reduction for the Lung Function Questionnaire (LFQ), being developed to help clinicians identify patients appropriate for diagnostic evaluation for chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) using spirometry.

Methods:

Item selection and reduction were based on information from 387 ≥40-year-old respondents to the third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey who had self-reported chronic bronchitis. Item reduction involved stepwise logistic regression. The accuracy of the final subset of items for identifying individuals with airflow obstruction (forced expiratory volume in one second/forced vital capacity <0.70) versus those without it was assessed with receiver operating characteristic analysis. Content and face validity were assessed using focus groups of primary care physicians (n = 16) and interviews with COPD patients (n = 16).

Results:

The model with all five items (age; smoking history; the presence of …

Self Diagnosis, Clare Goyder, Ann Mcpherson, Paul Glasziou

Paul Glasziou

Extract:
Some conditions can be diagnosed correctly by the patient, but self diagnosis should always undergo challenge and refinement by the general practitioner.