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Daily Estimates Of Soil Ingestion In Children, Edward J. Stanek, Edward J. Calabrese
Daily Estimates Of Soil Ingestion In Children, Edward J. Stanek, Edward J. Calabrese
Edward J. Stanek
Soil ingestion estimates play an important role in risk assessment of contaminated sites, and estimates of soil ingestion in children are of special interest. Current estimates of soil ingestion are trace-element specific and vary widely among elements. Although expressed as daily estimates, the actual estimates have been constructed by averaging soil ingestion over a study period of several days. The wide variability has resulted in uncertainty as to which method of estimation of soil ingestion is best. We developed a methodology for calculating a single estimate of soil ingestion for each subject for each day. Because the daily soil ingestion …
Resolving Intertracer Inconsistencies In Soil Ingestion Estimation, Edward J. Calabrese, Edward J. Stanek
Resolving Intertracer Inconsistencies In Soil Ingestion Estimation, Edward J. Calabrese, Edward J. Stanek
Edward J. Stanek
In this article we explore sources and magnitude of positive and negative error in soil ingestion estimates for children on a subject-week and trace element basis. Errors varied among trace elements. Yttrium and zirconium displayed predominantly negative error; titanium and vanadium usually displayed positive error. These factors lead to underestimation of soil ingestion estimates by yttrium and zirconium and a large overestimation by vanadium. The most reliable tracers for soil ingestion estimates were aluminum, silicon, and yttrium. However, the most reliable trace element for a specific subject-day (or week) would be the element with the least error during that time …